Procedures to view aberrations-A travel from protein to gene: Literature review.

The diagnosis of any pathology is fundamentally based on the microscopic structure of cells and tissues and this remains as the standard by which all other diagnostic tests are measured. In this era, the pathologists are relying on the examination of tissue section stained by histochemical means and it is supported by the advanced immunological, biochemical and molecular techniques. This review will provide the information about one of the way that can be followed to unravel the molecular mechanism in spotting the disease process. Technologies used to study the cellular process are same for the normal and the abnormal cell. Experimental strategy briefed here is also applicable for both. The cellular process can be studied either from protein to gene or from gene to protein. Earlier days biochemical analysis (isolation of protein, protein sequencing) was separate and genetic analysis (genomic mapping) was separate. But now with advent of recombinant DNA technology it is possible to have a link between the biochemical and genetic analysis. Intermediary step of development of oligonucleotide synthesis, complementary DNA probe and cloning has revolutionized the research process. Identified gene can be compared with the normal gene by comparative genomics or expressed proteins by expression proteomics.

Post hysterectomy spontaneous rupture of spleen

Spontaneous rupture of spleen is a rare entity in the world of obstetrics and gynaecology. The obstetricians-gynaecologist has to confront with ruptured spleen sometimes in their practice. Ruptured spleen is not uncommon in trauma and some surgical procedures in upper abdomen. Splenic rupture after hysterectomy is exceedingly rare occurrence. However it should be considered as part of diagnostic workup in any unstable post hysterectomy subject with high degree of suspicion along with other differential diagnosis. Early reorganization of this potentially life-threatening complication is very important for the wellbeing of patient and carries medico legal significance as well. We are reporting fourth case of spontaneous rupture spleen after abdominal hysterectomy found in the literature along with literature review and update on the topic regarding its diagnostic criteria