Influence of metabolic risk on adaptation of mean arterial pressure with endurance training and detraining: study of males with mild hypertension

Background: According to uncommon adaptations in blood pressure observed in response to exercise, the standardized exercise prescriptions need to be reconsidered. Therefore, prediction of blood pressure adaptations in response to exercise and detraining is needed

Methods: In this study, 70 sedentary pre-hypertensive men randomized into experimental and control groups. Experimental subjects participated in aerobic training [24 sessions [3/wk] with 60 to 70% of MHR, 40 min/session] which followed by two weeks of detraining. The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation, Kappa test, ANOVA and stepwise regression

Results: After 8 weeks of training and following to detraining some of experimental subjects experienced decline in Mean Atrial Pressure [MAP], some had no changes and some had even experienced its increasing condition [P<0.05]. All metabolic risk factors had significant changes after training and also detrainng, however; Zmets had significant changes just in those subjects with MAP decrease [P<0.05]

The metabolic risk count and also Zmets were higher in both GR [x[2]=52.73, P=0.001] and BR subjects [x[2]=80.1, P=0.001] at baseline. MAP, age, BMI and also plasma HDL and LDL values at baseline were recognized as the significant predictors of Observed changes in MAP after training [R[2]=0.76, P<0.05]

Conclusions: All the Metabolic risk factors are important in predicting the direction of MAP response to training, however; participation in aerobic exercise would not possibly lead to bad responding in those with high metabolic risk factors. However, more research remains to be done because of the lack of similar evidence in this area

[Effectiveness of the teaching of perceptual-motor practices and rhythmic movement on motor development in children with intellectual disability]

Objective: Fundamental motor skills are the foundation of special skills. The purpose of this study was to study the effectiveness of the teaching of perceptual-motor practices and rhythmic movement on motor development in children with intellectual disability

Materials and Methods: In this quasi-excremental study, 30 children aged 7 to 10 years old were selected through random cluster sampling method from elementary schools in Tabriz city. They were homogenized in two experimental groups [perceptual-motor practices and rhythmic movement] and one control group based on their age and IQ. Programs were held in 9 weeks, two sessions per week, and each session was 45 minutes. Before beginning the training and at the end of the last session, pre-test and post-test were conducted. In order to assess motor development TGMD-2 test was used, and to analyze data covariance and bonferroni postdoc test were used

Results: The results showed that both perceptual-motor practices and rhythmic movement groups performed better in locomotors and object control skills than the control group [P and le 0.05] and there was no significant difference between these two groups [P and ge0.05]Perceptual-motor skills training group had a greater impact on the development of control object skills than rhythmic movement group. Program rhythmic movement group had a greater impact on the development of object control skills than the control group

Conclusion: According to the results, educational programs which are used can be as an appropriate experiencing motion for children. These programs can be used at schools to to provide suitable program and the opportunity for training and developing motor skills

[Effects of Ramadan fasting on metabolism and antioxidant status in male soccer players]

Background and Objectives: Because of inconsistent results that does exist we tried to examine the effects of Ramadan fasting on athletes' general health antioxidant activity and metabolism

Materials and Methods: 21 healthy male volunteer football players who were continued on their regular exercise during Ramadan were studied and the results were compared with controls who were not on fasting, and the blood samples were collected after 12 hours of fasting in two occasions [One day prior to Ramadan start and in the end of Ramadan in both group]. Total antioxidant capacity was also measured in both groups. The data were compared using t test for independent and paired samples

Results: Fasted [Age: 22.61 +/- 3.83 yrs, Height: 174.12 +/- 6.33 cm and weight: 69.61 +/- 15.05 kg] and Control [Age: 24.7 +/- 3.54 yrs, Height: 172.98 +/- 5.44 cm and weight: 67.74 +/- 10.15 kg] fasting state doesn't cause a significant changes in FBS, Urea, creatinine, TC, TG, HDL, LDL, VLDL, ASP, AST, ALT, hs-CRP, body weight, fat mass, lean body mass and also total antioxidant capacity [P>0.05]

Conclusion: Continuation of regular football training doesn't have any complications or health hazard in those who are practicing Ramadan fasting

[ effect of acute L-carnitine supplementation on the blood lactate, glucose, VO[2max] and power in trained men: a brief report]

Probably L-Carnitine can induce increasing of Pyruvate dehydrogenase activity, decreasing of lactic acid production and performance improvements due to the reinforcement of long chain fatty acid oxidation and stabilize of Coenzyme A [CoASH] to free Coenzyme A [COA]. Based on this, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of acute L-Carnitine supplementation on blood lactate, glucose, VO[2max] and anaerobic power in trained men. Sixteen trained men [aged 19-23] volunteers from University of Guilan, faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences participated as subjects in this investigation. Subjects divided to aerobic [A] and anaerobic [An] group randomly. In a double blind design, subjects participated in two separated tests by one week. Subjects ingested 3 grams of L-Carnitine supplementation or placebo [maltodextrin] 90 minute before aerobic and anaerobic exercise. For aerobic activity used shuttle run 20 meter and for anaerobic activity used RAST test. Blood samples were collected 5 minute prior at rest and 4 minute post tests. Participants were asked in the morning to obtain fasting blood samples and perform tests. A t-test was used to detect differences between supplementation and placebo groups in each exercise. L-Carnitine group [[A] 141.25 +/- 20.62 and [An] 145.38 +/- 55.47] significantly had lower lactate concentration than placebo [[A] 151.00 +/- 20.85 and [An] 152.50 +/- 28.59] after tests [P