Avaliação de templates no planejamento de implantes / Evaluation of diagnostic radiographic templates on implant planning

Os templates utilizados no planejamento de implantes adotam um único fator de ampliação, sem considerar o aparelho utilizado na aquisição da imagem ou a área receptora do implante, o que pode levar a erros. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar as medidas radiográficas obtidas com quatro diferentes templates e compará-las com as medidas dos pinos utilizados na cirurgia. Foram avaliadas radiografias panorâmicas de 129 pacientes que receberam implantes na região de pré-molares e molares inferiores. O planejamento dos implantes foi realizado com quatro templates (Dentoflex, Conexão, Serson e Nobel). As medidas obtidas com os templates foram comparadas com os comprimentos dos pinos de implantes inseridos durante a cirurgia. Em 55,6% dos casos não houve concordância entre as medidas. De acordo com a análise estatística, houve diferença entre as medidas obtidas com os templates Conexão e Serson e as medidas dos pinos utilizados na cirurgia. Foi possível concluir que o planejamento de implantes com templates pode resultar em medidas incorretas. Dessa forma, é recomendável o desconto de um fator de ampliação da imagem correto, que considera a área do planejamento e o aparelho radiográfico, ao invés de templates com medidas previamente estabelecidas.

Radiographic templates used in implant planning correct the measurements by applying a single magnification factor, irrespective the equipment used to acquire images or implant bone areas, and this can lead to incorrect measurements. The aim of this study was to evaluate radiographic measurements obtained with four different templates, and compare them with those obtained directly in implants used in surgery. One-hundred and twenty-nine panoramic radiographies of either fully or partially edentulous patients with implants in the mandibular premolar or molar regions were evaluated. Implant planning was done using four different templates (Dentoflex, Conexão, Serson and NobelBiocare). The measurements obtained with templates were compared with length of the implant used in surgery. In 55.6% of the cases, there was no agreement between the measurements obtained with templates and the measurements of implants used in surgery. According to the statistical analysis, there was difference between the measurements obtained with the Conexão and Serson templates and the measurements of the implants used in surgery. In conclusion, implant planning with the use of templates can lead to incorrect measurements. Therefore, instead of using previously established templates for implant planning, we recommend the use of an adequate magnification factor that considers the area and the radiograph device.

Histometric study of alveolar bone in rats submitted to ethanol during lactation

The present work studied the adverse effects of maternal exposure of rats to alcohol during lactation, on the development of their off spring. Histometric evaluation by karyometry and of the alveolar bone at the level of the first upper molar of the sucking was perfomed. Two groups of animals, one coming from mothers exposed to drinking water containing 20 percent ethanol during the total lactation period and the other of controls coming from mothers receiving only alcohol-free drinking water during this period. On the 21 first day of lactation the young of each group were aleatorily selected and following anesthesia, their heads severed; after histological treatment, serial 6 ìm sections on the frontal plane at the molar level, stained with hematoxilin and eosin, were obtained. The experimental results produced, suggest that sucking from ethanol-treated mothers, show retarded post-natal growth, their alveolar bones presenting scarce, little calcified trabeculae, and a more abundant bone marrow compared to controls.

Considerando que la lactancia es un período importante y vulnerable, y que la exposición materna al alcohol durante esta fase puede provocar efectos adversos en las crías en desarrollo, el propósito del presente trabajo es evaluar histométricamente (mediante cariometría y estereología), el hueso alveolar a nivel del primer molar superior, de ratas lactantes sometidas a los efectos del etanol. Con esa finalidad utilizamos dos grupos, uno que recibió etanol al 20 por ciento en el bebedero, durante todo el período de lactancia (21días), y otro que recibió solo agua. En el 21° día de lactancia, 5 ratas de cada grupo fueron aleatoriamente seleccionadas. Después de sacrificados, los animales fueron fijados en formol al 10 por ciento. Las cabezas, separadas de los cuerpos, fueron incluidas en parafina, y cortadas seriadamente con 6 Lim de grosor, a partir de un plano frontal al nivel de los molares, y teñidas con hematoxilina y eosina. Basados en los resultados presentes, es posible concluir que el etanol al 20 por ciento en el agua de beber, administrado a ratas lactantes, provoca los siguientes efectos: reducción significativa del peso corporal, alteraciones de las trabéculas del hueso alveolar, observadas estereológicamente, evidenciadas por trabéculas delicadas y poco calcificadas, con médula abundante, núcleos menores en osteoblastos y osteocitos y más achatados en los primeros, y con osteocitos de volúmenes citoplasmático y celular menor y densidad numérica mayor.

Histometric Study of the Epithelium of Rats Submitted to Ethanol During Lactation / Estudio Histométrico del Epitelio de Ratas Sometidas al Etanol Durante la Lactancia

The present work studied the adverse effects of maternal exposure of rats to alcohol during lactation, on the development of their offspring. Histometric evaluation by karyometry and of the palatine epithelium of the sucking was performed. Two groups of animals, one coming from mothers exposed to drinking water containing 20% ethanol during the total lactation period and the other of controls coming from mothers receiving only alcohol-free drinking water during this period. On the 21 first day of lactation the young of each group were aleatorily selected and following anesthesia, their heads severed; after histological treatment, serial 6 -J,m sections on the frontal plane at the molar level, stained with hematoxilin and eosin, were obtained. The experimental results produced, suggest that suckling from ethanol-treated mothers, show a significant decrease of body weight, significant alterations of karyometric and stereological measurements that determined hypotrophy of palatine epithelial cells and toxicity of ethanol at the palatine epithelium.

El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo estudiar en ratas los efectos adversos de la exposición materna al alcohol durante la lactancia, en el desarollo de sus crías. Fue evaluado histométricamente (cariometría y estereología) el epitelio palatino de las críass. Fueron utilizados dos grupos: uno tratado con etanol al 20% en agua de bebedero, durante toda la lactancia; y control, recibió solamente agua. En el día 21° de la lactancia, cinco crías de cada uno de los grupos, fueron seleccionadas al azar, anestasiadas las cabezas de ellas fueron separadas de los cuerpos. Después del tratamiento histológico, fueron obtenidos cortes seriados de 6 um del plano frontal, a nivel de los molares y coloreados con hematoxilina eosina. Los resultados sugieren que lactantes de las madres tratadas con etanol al 20% en el bebedero, presentaron disminución significativa del peso corporal, alteraciones importantes de las medidas cariométricas y estereológicas, que determinaron hipotrofia de las células epiteliales del paladar y toxicidad del etanol en el epitelio palatino.