Formulation and evaluation of telmisartan microspheres by emulsion solvent evaporation technique.

Microspheres are multi-component system provide constant and prolonged drug release. Furthermore their floating abilities increase gastric residence time. These properties reduce the gastrointestinal toxic effects and dosing frequency and thereby improve the patient compliance. The present study aimed to formulate and evaluate telmisartan microspheres. Emulsion solvent evaporation (ESE) technique was employed for microsphere preparation using different ratios of ethyl cellulose polymer and drug. Prepared microspheres were evaluated for drug entrapment efficiency, micromeritic characters, floating behaviour and in vitro drug release. This revealed polymer drug ratio has influence on drug release.

Phytopharmacological properties of coriander sativum as a potential medicinal tree: an overview.

Coriandrum Sativum family Umbelliferae is highly reputed ayurvedic medicinal tree commonly known as the Dhanyaka. It is small sized tree growing throughout India, Italy. Netherlands, Central and Eastern Europe, China and Bangladesh. The different parts of this plant contain monoterpenes, α-pinene, limpnene, γ-terpinene, p-cymene, borneol, citronellol, camphor, geraniol, coriandrin, dihydrocoriandrin, coriandronsA-E, flavonoids and essential oils. Various parts of this plant such as seed, leaves, flower and fruit, possess Diuretic, Antioxidant Activity, Ant-diabetic Anti-convulsant activity, Sedative Hypnotic Activity, Anti-microbial Activity, Anti mutagenic, Anthelmintic activity. Various phytopharmacological evaluations have been reported in this literature for the important potential of the Coriandrum sativum.

Experimental modeling of anxiety.

Anxiety has much impact on human as well as animal behaviors. For evaluation of anxiolytic drug require both clinical and biological aspect of anxiety. We review the existing experimental models of anxiety like elevated plus maze apparatus, light dark model, open field apparatus, holeborad apparatus in order to promote further understanding of neurobiological aspects of anxiety.

Antihyperglycemic, antistress and nootropic activity of roots of Rubia cordifolia Linn.

Effect of alcoholic extract of roots of Rubia cordifolia was studied on elevated blood glucose level in alloxan treated animals. The extract reduced the blood sugar level raised by alloxan. Effect of alcoholic extract was also investigated on cold restraint induced stress and on scopolamine-induced memory impairment. Alcoholic extract enhanced brain gamma-amino-n-butyric acid (GABA) levels and decreased brain dopamine and plasma corticosterone levels. Acidity and ulcers caused due to cold restraint stress were inhibited by alcoholic extract. Animals treated with alcoholic extract spent more time in open arm in elevated plus maze model. It also antagonized scopolamine induced learning and memory impairment. Baclofen induced catatonia was potentiated by alcoholic extract.