Résumé
It is well known that eccentric exercise induces muscle damage that is characterized by a prolonged decrease in muscle strength and range of motion, development of delayed onset muscle soreness. The previous studies showed that hold-relax stretching (HRS) was effective for improving the decreases in range of motion and muscle soreness. In addition, modified proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching (mPNF) was an equally effective for HRS. However, it was unclear whether there are differences between acute effects of HRS and mPNF on muscle strength and muscle soreness in eccentrically damaged muscle. Therefore, the present study aimed to compare the acute effects of HRS with those of mPNF on muscle strength and soreness in eccentrically damaged muscle. The participants comprised 40 volunteers randomly assigned to either the HRS group (N = 20) or the mPNF group (N = 20). Initially, the participants of both groups performed 60 maximal eccentric contractions of the knee extensors. Two days after this exercise, each group performed either HRS or mPNF for 60 s at a time and repeated them six times for a total of 360 s. Muscle strength and soreness during stretching and contraction were measured before and immediately after HRS and mPNF. The results showed that the muscle soreness observed after eccentric contraction significantly decreased immediately after both HRS and mPNF. In addition, there were no significant changes in muscle strength immediately after both HRS and mPNF. These results suggest that while both HRS and mPNF can effectively decrease muscle soreness without reducing performance.
Résumé
Regarding the removal of a gastric bezoar, laparoscopic surgery was performed and it was shown that the laparoscopic approach is safe and feasible. However, the laparoscopic method has the risk of intraabdominal contamination, when the gastric bezoar is retrieved from the gastric lumen in the peritoneal cavity. We developed and applied a new procedure for the removal of the gastric bezoar using one surgical glove and two wound retractors as a fashion of intragastric single port surgery. Herein we present this new minimal invasive procedure, so named "hybrid access surgery" which involves the use of existing devices and overcomes the weakness of laparoscopic removal of the gastric bezoar. Our new procedure, combining the concept of intragastric and single port access, is acceptable and feasible to retrieve the gastric bezoar. In the future, this procedure may be one of the alternative procedures for retrieving gastric bezoar even when it is incarcerated in the pylorus.