Effect of cytomegalovirus infection on long-term renal allograft function / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effect of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection following kidney transplantation on long-term renal function and its mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ninety-six patients undergoing kidney transplantation between March 2000 and December 2005, who completed a 3-year follow-up investigation, were divided into 3 groups according CMV-pp65 antigenemia and clinical symptoms. Group A consisted of 33 recipients with symptomatic active CMV infection, group B included 33 with asymptomatic active CMV infection and group C included 30 with inactive infection. The relation of CMV infection, transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) mRNA in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and serum creatinine (Scr) were analyzed, and the grafts in 6 cases with renal dysfunction were biopsied.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The expression of TGF-beta1 mRNA in PBMCs was significantly higher in group A than in the other two groups 6 months after the transplantation (P<0.01), while Scr levels showed no significant difference between the 3 groups (P>0.05). Three years later, Scr levels in group A were significantly increased as compared with those in the other two groups (P<0.01), and the rate of renal dysfunction in group A (10/33) was significantly higher than those in group B (3/33) and C(3/30) (P<0.05). In the 16 with renal dysfunction, the expression of TGF-beta1 mRNA in PBMCs significantly higher than that in the other 80 patients with normal renal function (P<0.01). Renal allograft biopsies demonstrated mild or severe interstitial fibrosis, tubular atrophy and mononuclear cell infiltration in the 6 patients with renal graft dysfunction, supporting the diagnosis of chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Symptomatic active CMV infection in renal allograft recipients is an important factor contributing to the occurrence of CAN. Monitoring of TGF-beta1 mRNA expression in PBMCs proves useful in identifying patients at risk of CAN.</p>

Clinical analysis of renal cell carcinoma: report of 271 cases / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the diagnosis and treatment of renal cell carcinoma.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>From January 1993 to December 2000 the data of 271 cases of renal cell carcinoma were reviewed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Ultrasonography and CT scanning were still the main diagnostic methods. Surgical operation was performed on 234 patients. Radical nephrectomy was performed on 197 patients (72.6%); Nephron sparing surgery was performed on 19 patients; Metastatic tumor resection was performed on 6 patients and other procedures for 12. The pathological results showed that 137 cases (61.4%) were clear cell carcinoma, 18 cases (8. 1%) of granular cell carcinoma, 32 cases (14. 3%) being combination of the above two varieties, 23 cases (10.3%) of renal papillary adenocarcinoma, 13 cases being renal cell of other types. And 210 cases (77.5%) had been successfully followed up. The 1, 3, 5 and 10 year survival rates were 95.3% (182/191), 88.7% (107/122), 74.7% (56/75) and 32.1% (10/31) respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Ultrasonography is the first select examination method of detecting of renal cell carcinoma, and CT scanning is the most valuable diagnostic mean. Early diagnosis and prompt radical nephrectomy or nephron sparing nephrectomy are the critical points for achieving long-term survivals of patients with renal cell carcinoma.</p>

siRNA knocks down the expression of AR gene in PC3 cell lines / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the suppression of the expression of androgen receptor (AR) gene in PC3 cells after AR-specific siRNAs transfection, and to search for the siRNA (s) with the greatest suppressing efficiency.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Five AR-specific siRNAs were selected, RNAi expression vectors were constructed and transfected into PC3 cells, and the AR expression was detected by real time FQ-PCR and Western blot. A nonsense small RNA was set as negative control.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the control group, the AR expression decreased in various degrees in the 5 experimental groups (P < 0.05), and siRNA1, siRNA4 and siRNA5 showed the greatest suppressing efficiency as compared with the other experimental groups, with statistically significant difference (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The AR-specific siRNAs could suppress the endogenous expression of target gene. Three siRNAs with great suppressing efficiency were identified and the expression vectors were constructed successfully. It can be applied in the future researches in vivo.</p>

Therapeutic effect of sirolimus against chronic allograft nephropathy in kidney transplant recipients / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the efficacy and safety of sirolimus in management of chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A retrospective study was conducted involving 31 CAN patients followed up since March 2002, who experienced a change from a calcineurin inhibitor (CNI)-based regimen to a SRL-based regimen. Serum creatinine (Cr) in these patients was compared before and after the regimen change, and the adverse events associated with SRL were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Till March 2007 when the study closed, 15 patients reached the primary endpoint for resuming dialysis, 8 had improved and 8 had stable renal function. In patients with high Cr(0)(> or =3 mg/L, n=12), 9 resumed dialysis and 2 had improved renal function, but one of the patients with renal improvement eventually died due to infection; in the patients with low Cr(0)(<3 mg/L, n=19), 5 resumed dialysis, 8 had stable renal function and 6 had improved renal function, showing significant difference between the 2 groups (P=0.003). Altogether 14 patients reached the secondary endpoint for ceasing SRL for severe infection (5 patients, of whom 4 resumed dialysis and 1 died of infection) or adverse events associated with SRL (9 patients, of whom 4 resumed dialysis, 2 had stable and 3 had improved renal function). Hyperlipidemia (51.6%), leukocytopenia (41.9%), mouth ulcer (29.0%) and liver function lesion (16.1%) were the commonest adverse events in these patients, and totalling 13 severe adverse events were recorded, including 2 fatal cerebral hemorrhage, 3 fatal infection episodes, and 8 pulmonary and urinary infections that require hospitalization.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Conversion from a CNI-based to SRL-based regimen can be effective for some CAN cases, especially for those with Cr(0) below 3 mg/L. Attention must be given to adverse events like hyperlipidemia and leukocytopenia, as well as the related cerebral vascular accidents and infections.</p>

Persistent Muellerian duct syndrome with transverse testicular ectopia / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

Persistent Muellerian duct syndrome (PMDS) is a rare form of male pseudohermaphrodism without the feature of ambiguous genitalia. We present a case of PMDS with transverse testicular ectopia (TTE).

Diagnostic value of urodynamic parameters multianalysis in the evaluation of bladder outlet obstruction resulting from benign prostatic hyperplasia / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To construct a function model that can be used in the diagnosis bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) resulting from benign prostatic hyperplasia, and to develop a diagram allowing the judgement of bladder outlet for patients with different detrusor contractility, especially with impaired one.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Urodynamic and clinical data of 131 men were analyzed retrospectively. By Logistic analysis, a function model was constructed. Based on the model, a diagram allowing the evaluation of bladder outlet was drawn. The cutoff point for diagnosing BOO with the function model and the curve was confirmed by ROC curve analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The function model (BOOI) was obtained by the formula 5.03 x residual fraction + 0.04 x PdetatQmax - 0.20 x Qmax - 0.91 + alpha (alpha = 0 for those with low pressure-low flow on P-FS, alpha = 1.42 for high pressure-low flow, alpha = -7.30 for high pressure-high flow). The cutoff point for BOOI diagnosing BOO was 0.36. When validated, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 85.7%, 91.7%, 96.0% and 73.3% respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The BOOI, with an easy calculation mode, could predict the probability of BOO. The sensitivity and specificity of the criterion for the diagnosis of BOO were satisfactory. The curve we drew could help to differentiate the obstructed men with low pressure-low flow and thus benefit them by surgical relief of their obstruction.</p>

The detection of protein expression of clusterin and Ki-67 and the status of cell apoptosis in bladder transitional cell carcinoma / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression of clusterin protein in bladder transitional cell carcinoma (BTCC) and it's association with tumor cell proliferation and apoptosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A tissue microarray (TMA) containing 87 informative cases of BTCCs was constructed firstly. The methods of immunohistochemistry and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end-labeling were then used to examine the expression of clusterin and Ki-67 protein and the status of cell apoptosis in BTCC, respectively, and the correlations between different markers and the clusterin expression associated with patients' clinico-pathological features were evaluated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In TMA of 87 BTCCs, 37 (43%) cases were observed overexpression of clusterin. A significant association of clusterin expression with BTCC's pathological grade, as well as with tumors clinical stage was observed (P < 0.01), where the frequency of overexpression of clusterin in poor differentiated BTCCs (G(3), 71%) and tumors in more advanced stage (T(2-4), 62%) was significantly higher than that in well differentiated BTCCs (G(1-2), 29%) and tumors in early stage (T(a-1), 28%). In addition, a significant correlation between clusterin expression and tumors apoptotic index (AI) was evaluated (P < 0.01), in which 57% of BTCCs with overexpression of clusterin were observed a lower AI, while 72% of tumors with normal expression of this protein showed a higher AI, but no correlation between clusterin and Ki-67 expression.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The overexpression of clusterin is associated positively with BTCC's malignant clinical phenotypes including tumor's differentiation and invasive depth, and it is correlated inversely with AI of tumor cells.</p>

Endotoxins in the prostatic secretions of chronic prostatitis patients / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>AIM</b>To evaluate the clinical significance of the quantitative determinations of endotoxins in the expressed prostatic secretions (EPS) of chronic prostatitis (CP) patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The EPS of 45 patients with CP and 15 normal volunteers were obtained for microscopic examination, bacterial culture and endotoxin determination. The level of endotoxins was determined by the Limulus-amebocyte-lysate test with chromogenic substrate.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Patients with CP had higher mean levels of endotoxins in EPS than normal volunteers [52.06 +/- 32.83 EU/L vs. 4.77 +/- 4.14 EU/L (P <0.05)]. The levels of endotoxins in CP type II, type IIIa and type IIIb were 68.62 +/- 34.78 EU/L, 45.30 +/- 23.33 EU/L and 15.83 +/- 5.31 EU/L, respectively [type II vs. type IIIa (P >0.05), type IIIb vs. normal controls (P <0.05), type II/type IIIa vs. normal controls P >0.05)].</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CP patients have elevated levels of endotoxins in the EPS, which suggests that inflammation is a feature of this disease. EPS endotoxin determination is not only helpful in diagnostic confirmation, but also in evaluating the response to treatment in CP patients.</p>

Effect of nitric oxide donor and alpha1-receptor antagonist on proliferation/apoptosis of hyperplastic prostatic stromal cells in vitro / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of nitric oxide donor and alpha(1)-receptor antagonist on proliferation/apoptosis of hyperplastic prostatic stromal cells in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Primary cultured prostatic stromal cells were treated by nitric oxide donor SNP and Terazosin, and the antiproliferative index and apoptosis index were determined by MTT assay and TUNEL respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was a significant dose-effect relationship between SNP and the antiproliferative effects, while Terazosin showed no antiproliferative effects and the combination of SNP and Terazosin showed no strengthen effects. Terazosin significantly induced apoptosis, but SNP showed no effect on induction of apoptosis, while there were much more effects of inducing apoptosis in the combination of Terazosin and SNP than the Terazosin alone.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Terazosin induces apoptosis in cultured BPH stromal SMCs with little effect on the cell proliferation. SNP inhibits the proliferation of the cells without affecting apoptosis. The apoptosis induction effect is enhanced when Terazosin is combined with SNP, but they do not have an additive antiproliferative effect.</p>

Clinical analysis of renal transplantation in the elderly patients / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of renal transplantation in elderly patients.Methods Retrospective analysis was held on 49 elderly patients aged over 65 years who underwent renal transplantation,and compared with 87 patients under the age of 50 years who underwent the renal transplantation during the same time.Results The survival rate at one year was 85.7% in elderly patients,and 93.1% in the non-elderly patients(P＜0.05).The graft survival rate at one year was 89.8% in elderly patients,and 90.8% in the non-elderly patients,but no significant difference was found between the two groups.The rate of acute rejection response was 10.2% in elderly patients,significantly lower than that in non-elderly patients(28.7%).The rate of complication of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases in elderly patients(51.1%)were higher than those in non-elderly patients(19.5%,P＜0.05).The dosages of immunosuppressive agent cyclosporine in 3 months,3-6 months and 6-12 months were(3.6?1.1),(3.1?0.9)mg?kg~(-1)?d~(-1) and (2.9?0.7) mg?kg~(-1)?d~(-1)in elderly group,significantly lower than those[(5.4?1.4),(4.6?1.3)mg?kg~(-1)?d~(-1)and(4.1?1.0)mg?kg~(-1)?d~(-1)]in non-elderly group(P＜0.05).Conclusions Renal transplantation in elderly patients is effective and reliable.