prevalence of specific dental anomalies in a group of Saudi cleft lip and palate patients

The aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence and distribution of dental anomalies in a group of Saudi subjects with cleft lip and palate [CLP], to examine potential sex-based associations of these anomalies, and to compare dental anomalies in Saudi subjects with CLP with published data from other population groups. Design This retrospective study involved the examination of pre-treatment records obtained from three CLP centers in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, in February and March 2010. The pre-treatment records of 184 subjects with cleft lip and palate were identified and included in this study. Pre-treatment maxillary occlusal radiographs of the cleft region, panoramic radiographs, and orthodontic study models of subjects with CLP were analyzed for dental anomalies Orthopantomographs and occlusal radiographs may not be reliable for the accurate evaluation of root malformation anomalies. A total of 265 dental anomalies were observed in the 184 study subjects. Hypodontia was observed most commonly [66.8%], followed by microdontia [45.6%], intra-oral ectopic eruption [12.5%], supernumerary teeth [12.5%], intra-nasal ectopic eruption [3.2], and macrodontia [3.2%]. No gender difference in the prevalence of these anomalies was observed Dental anomalies were common in Saudi subjects with CLP type. This will complicate the health care required for the CL/P subjects. This study was conducted to epidemiologically explore the prevalence of dental anomalies among Saudi Arabian subjects with CLP

applicability of a non-anatomical soft and hard tissue centroid line [S and H centroid] in cephalometrics

The applicability of a newly introduced non-anatomical soft and hard tissue cephalometric centroid line [S and H centroid] was investigated. The "S and H centroid" line established from 12" X 14" lateral cephalometric radiographs of 57 selected adults was used as a base to create a new cephalometric reference line "Centroid-Nasion". The reliability and the use of the newly created "Centroid-Nasion" as a reference line was tested against the conventional "Sella-Nasion" cephalometric reference line to evaluate the sagittal and vertical maxillary and mandibular relationship. Pearson's correlation coefficient, one way ANOVA, and Tukey multiple comparison post Hoc statistical tests were used. The digitization technique was reliable. The "Centroid-Nasion" cephalometric reference line created by utilizing the "S and H centroid" line, was found to be as useful as the conventional "Sella-Nasion" cephalometric plane in establishing and differentiating between sagittal and vertical intermaxillary relationships

Cleft patterns and occlusion characteristics of cleft patients attending treatment in an institution in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

The purpose of the study was to investigate the distribution of various oral cleft types and the occlusion status of patients with cleft lip and/or palate [CLP] attending dental treatment in the College of Dentistry at King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The present study was retrospective cross-sectional study done by reviewing the cleft lip and/or palate patients' dental records, and study models. All CLP patients with deciduous, mixed and permanent dentitions were included. A special form was designed exclusively for collecting the required information of every subject. Gender, age, type of cleft and dentition, and occlusion were statistically analyzed using proportional Z test [P<0.05]. A total of 165 subjects [109 males [65.5%] and 57 [34.5%] females], constituted the study population. The prevalence among gender was statistically significant [P<0.0005]. Among the 165 subjects, 35 [21.2%] were <6 years, 72 [43.6%] were between 7 and 12 years, and 58 [35.2%] were >12 years. Most of the subjects 125 [75.8%] had combined cleft lip and palate [P<0.0005]. No statistical difference between the prevalence of unilateral cleft 87 [52.7%] and bilateral clefts 56 [33.9%] [P=0.263]. In subjects with primary dentition, mesial-step molar relationship was the most common 27 [84.4%] [P<0.0005], while class I molar relationship was the most common type in subjects with mixed or permanent dentitions 85[58.2%] [P<0.0005]. Combination of posterior and anterior cross-bites were found in the sample; right side 81[29.8%], left side 86[31.6%] and anterior 105[38.6%].. Decreased overbite 101[70.1%] and overjet 98[67.6%] were more commonly found [P<0.000]. Various types of CLP were studies and results showed that male subjects were affected more than females. Majority of subjects had the cleft lip and palate type. Anterior and posterior cross-bites, as well as decreased overbite and overject were found in most of the sample. Results indicate the need for interceptve orthodontic in CLP subjects

distribution and classification of clefts in patients attending a cleft lip and palate clinic in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

To evaluate and discuss the etiology, distribution, and classification of cleft lip and palate CLP patients in one of the most active CLP clinics in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The records of all 171 CLP patients attending the CLP clinic at the College of Dentistry, King Saud University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, were collected in November and December 2006. Variables such as etiology, age, gender, type of cleft, and location of cleft were statistically analyzed. Proportional Z test p<0.05 was used. The patients age range was 0.5-30 years with an average of 11.1 standard deviation 5.87 years. Attending male patients 63.7% were more than females 36.6% p=0.000. The unknown environmental factor was the most reported etiological factor 79.5% p=0.000. The cleft lip and palate were the most prevalent type 78.3% p=0.000. In the different types of cleft, as well as within the same cleft type, the cleft lip and palate type were significantly higher in males 49.1% 62.7%, than females 29.1% 37.3% with p=0.038 p=0.008. There were no statistical differences between the right and left cleft sides. The average age and range of CLP patients at first visit were high. Attending male patients was more than females. The environmental etiological factor was not identifiable. Males were dominant in the cleft lip and palate type. The cleft lip and palate type were the highest among oral clefts

Establishing the soft and hard tissue area centers [centroids] for the skull and introducing a new non-anatomical cephalometric line

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate how to establish the area center [centroid] of both the soft and hard tissues of the outline of the lateral cephalometric skull image, and to introduce the concept of a new nonanatomical centroid line. Lateral cephalometric radiographs, size 12 X 14 inch, of fifty seven adult subjects were selected based on their pleasant, balanced profile, Class I skeletal and dental relationship and no major dental malocclusion or malrelationship. The area centers [centroids] of both soft and hard tissue skull were practically established using a customized software computer program called the "m-file". Connecting the two centers introduced the concept of a new non-anatomical soft and hard centroids line