Assessment of work-related musculoskeletal morbidity, perceived causes and preventive activities practiced to reduce morbidity among brick field workers

Background: Heavy load transportation, repetitive movements and abnormal posture are prevalent among brick field workers which lead to musculoskeletal morbidity. Aims & Objectives: Assessment of work-related musculoskeletal morbidity, perceived causes and preventive activities practiced by brick field workers. Material & Methods: It was a cross sectional study from July 2018 to April 2019. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health recommendations was used to assess preventive activities practiced by workers. Results: Most common site of musculoskeletal symptoms was shoulder (82%). Lifting weight for long distance (79%), repetitive gesture (59.5%) and bending trunk for long duration (53%) were the causes of musculoskeletal morbidity. Conclusion: Majority of male workers worked in the field for six to seven days per week and minor burns among them was common comparing to female. Most of the workers perceived, lifting weight for long distance was the major cause of musculoskeletal morbidity.

An Innovative Method Development And Forced Degradation Studies For Simultaneous Estimation Of Sofosbuvir And Ledipasvir By Rp Hplc

Objective: To develop an innovative, rapid, simple, cost-effective, stability indicating reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for simultaneous estimation of ledipasvir (LP) and sofosbuvir (SB) in combination pill dosage form. Methods: The method was developed using C8 column, 250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 mm using mobile section comprising of 0.1% (v/v) orthophosphoric acid buffer at pH 2.2 and acetonitrile in the ratio of 45:55 that was pumped through the column at a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min. Temperature was maintained at 30 °C, the effluents were monitored at 260 nm with the help of usage of PDA detector. Results: The retention time of LP and SB were found to be 2.246 min and 3.502 min. The approach was found to be linear with the variety of 9-36 µg/ml and 40-240 μg/ml for LP and SB respectively, the assay of estimated compounds were found to be 99.65% and 99.73% w/v for LP and SB respectively. Conclusion: The pressured samples changed into analyzed and this proposed a technique turned into determined to be particular and stability indicating as no interfering peaks of decay compound and excipients were observed. Hence, the approach was easy and economical that may be efficiently applied for simultaneous estimation of both LP and SB in bulk and combination tablet system.

Modulation of salt-stress tolerance of niger (Guizotia abyssinica), an oilseed plant, by application of salicylic acid

Aim: This study aims at exploring the interactive effect of salinity, a known inhibitor of plant growth,and salicylic acid (SA), a growth promoter, on niger [Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.) Cass], an oilseed crop plant, by assessing its growth, metabolism and defence system. Methodology: In a pot experiment, 4-week-old seedlings of niger were treated with NaCl (50, 100 and 150 mM added to the soil) and SA (1 mM aqueous solution sprayed on foliage) and watered regularly with 100% field capacity. A total of 8 treatments, including the control, were maintained for 8 weeks. Nine-week-old seedlings were sampled to analyze the growth attributes, plant water status, photosynthetic traits, lipid-peroxidation level, and activity of antioxidant enzymes. Results: Salinity treatments inhibited plant growth significantly, as evident from a dose-dependent reduction in size and biomass of roots and shoots. The reduction in stem basal diameter was significant only with 150 mM NaCl, a dose which also induced oxidative stress and enhanced lipid peroxidation. Salinity also reduced photosynthetic efficiency by inhibiting chlorophyll synthesis, nitrate reductase activity, chlorophyll fluorescence, stomatal conductance, net photosynthetic and transpiration rates, and plant water status. Reduction in relative water content was significant only at 150 mM of NaCl. High salinity also increased proline production and activity of antioxidant enzymes. Application of SA alone usually caused positive but non-significant effects on photosynthesis and growth parameters. SA application in combination with salt stress mitigated the salinity-induced adverse effects on growth and photosynthetic attributes. Moreover, upregulation of antioxidant enzymes evoked by salinity was further enhanced. Interpretation: Salinity hampered the overall performance of the crop, but SA application fortified its salt-tolerance capacity by alleviating the membrane injury and improving the assimilatory activities, plant water status and defense arsenal, thus reducing the adverse effects of salt stress on foliar functions and plant growth.