Résumé
Background: Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection traditionally has been associated with healthcare settings, colonizing patients with underlying debilitating health conditions. Now a day, Hospital management has become increasingly aware of issues related to MRSA infections in the patient population. Aims & Objective: To know the prevalence of MRSA amongst hospitalized as well as OPD based patients and to find out and compare the antibiotic resistance patterns of Methicillin resistant and Methicillin sensitive S. aureus. Material and Methods: Total of 534 Staphylococcus aureus isolated from various clinical specimens using the standard procedures during June 2010 to June 2011. Screening and confirmation of MRSA isolates were done by standard methods recommended by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). CDC definition was used to classify hospital and community Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Antibiotic susceptibility test was done using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Detailed information regarding duration in hospital stay, ward, unit and clinical history were collected. Results: Out of 534 Staphylococcus aureus recovered from different clinical samples, 152 (28.46%) were found to be Methicillin resistant. 113 out of 152 isolates (74.34%) were Hospital acquired MRSA (HA-MRSA) while 39 out of 152 isolates (25.66%) were Community acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA). The antibiotic susceptibility result shows that MRSA isolates were resistant to multiple antibiotics than MSSA isolates. All isolated MRSA were sensitive to Vancomycin. Conclusion: Measures to control the emergence and spread of MRSA are needed to be improved because there are fewer options available for the treatment of MRSA infections. Thus, together with good professional practice and routine infection control precautions constitute the major measures in controlling and preventing MRSA.
Résumé
Background & Objectives: Fungal infections are extremely common in the tropical regions and some of them are serious .Fungi produce diverse human infections ranging from superficial skin infections to systemic disease .The study of superficial mycosis is important due to the frequent occurrence in dermatology clinics. The present study was undertaken with a view to find out the clinical pattern of dermatophytic and non – dermatophytic fungi (superficial mycosis) and most common fungal pathogens in tertiary care hospital affiliated with medical college in Western India from August 2007 to July 2008. Methods: A clinical and mycological study of superficial mycosis was conducted on 215 cases (138 males and 77 females). Direct microscopy by KOH (potassium hydroxide) mount and culture was undertaken to isolate the fungal pathogen in each case. Results: Commonest age group involved was adults of 19-59 years age. Tinea corporis was the most common clinical presentation and Trichopyton rubrum was the most common fungal pathogen isolated. Dermatophytosis was the commonest superficial fungal infection and found in 147/215 cases (68.4%). Non dermatophytic fungus like pityriasis versicolor and yeast like candida species were isolated in 48/215(22.3%) cases and 20/215 (9.3%) cases respectively. The KOH positivity rate was 72.4% and total culture positivity rate was 62.8%.Interpretation & conclusion: Along with dermatophytes, nondermatophytic fungi are also emerging as important causes of superficial mycosis. Direct microscopy and culture both are important tools for diagnosis of the fungal infections.