Résumé
The current study was designed to illustrate the toxic effects of two Egyptian snake venoms Naja haje [elapidae family] and Cerastes cerastes [vipridae family] on non- diabetic and diabetic rats. Seventy two male albino rats were utilized. They were divided into two main equal groups, non-diabetic group [G1] and diabetic group [G2]. Each main group was divided into three equal subgroups. The non-diabetic group was divided into G1a [control], G1b [injected by 1/2 LD50 of Naja haje venom [0.007 mg/20gm b.w. I.M.], G1c [injected by 1/2 LD50 of Cerastes cerastes venom [0.073 mg/100 gm b.w. I.M.]. Diabetes was experimentally induced by I.P. injection of 140 mg/kg alloxan monohyderate. The diabetic group was divided into G2a [control], G2b and G2c treated similar to non-diabetic G1b and G1c. All animals were sacrificed three hours after injection, their blood and serum were subjected to biochemical analyses, while tissue samples were obtained for histopathological study. The present study revealed that, mortality rate, blood glucose level and C P K and L D H enzymes activities were higher in Naja hale injected groups than Cerastes cerastes groups. Coagulation factors represented by an increased Pt and PTT on the other hand were increased in Cerastes cerastes than in Naja haje. Pathological changes on site of injection [skin and muscle] was prominent in case of Cerastes cerastes venom, where skin showed thinning of the epidermis with necrosis of sebaceous glands and edema of the dermis with severe subdermal hemorrhage. Skeletal muscle showed severe wide spread hemorrhage and edema among the destructed muscle cells with scattered leucocytic infiltration. While Naja haje venom affected mainly the cardiac muscle and brain tissue, as myocardial muscle showed vacuolar degeneration, congestion of blood vessels with focal hemorrhagic area, edema and hyalinization among degenerated muscle fibers. Brain tissue revealed increase in glia cells of cerebrum, edematous neuron and encephalomalecia. The toxic effect of both venoms was more severe in diabetic group than non-diabetic one
Résumé
Eighty Meskofi ducks, ten-days old of both sexes [weighting 35-45 gm] were equally divided into eight groups. The first group fed normal poultry ration [control group], the second group fed aflatoxin B1[AFB1] containing ration [30ppb], the third group fed on poultry ration containing Hydrated Sodium calcium aluminosilicate [HSCAS] at a dosage of 1kg/ton. The fourth group fed on a ration containing both aflatoxin and HSCAS. The fifth group received poultry ration containing butylated hydroxytoluene [BHT] at a dosage 8 times to the normal concentration in the feed [0.013%] The sixth group received ration containing both aflatoxin and BHT, the seventh group was fed on poultry ration containing both HSCAS and BHT and finally the last group was fed on aflatoxin containing ration and received both HSCAS and BHT. Five ducks from each group were slaughtered after 30 days from beginning of experiment and the other five ducks were slaughtered after 2 months [end of the experiment]. AFB1 decreased body weight gain [P<0.01], hepatic DNA and RNA contents, serum total protein, albumin and cholesterol while malondialdehyde [MDA] was elevated. The residues of AFB1 was determined in serum, liver and muscle of intoxicated ducks whereas the liver had the highest concentration. Addition of either BHT or HSCAS singly or in combination with the AFB1 containing diet produced a protection against the deleterious effects of AFB1 and decreased its residues. Moreover the combination of both BHT and HSCAS was better than that of lonely one
Résumé
Formalin which is an aqueous solution of formaldehyde [HCHO] in water is used as disinfectant.Antiseptic and as a food preservative. This study was conducted on 40 adult albino rats to evaluate formalin ultrastructural effect on liver and kidney. Formalin was administered orally for three successive weeks at a daily dose of 50 mg/kg body weight in fresh cow's milk to the treated group [twenty rats] while the other twenty rats served as a control group which orally received milk only [1 cc / rat/day]. At the end of the experiment, light microscopic examination revealed dilatation, congestion of the central vein and hydropic degeneration of liver cells. Also hypercellularity of the glomeruli and cloudy swelling of renal tubules can be observed. Electron microscopic study showed, degeneration of most hepatocytes, mitochondriae were degenerated and cristae were absent. Also glomeruli with degenerated podocyte, proximal convoluted tubules with vacuolation of the cytoplasm and necrotic debris in the lumen of convoluted tubules can be detected. So, it can be concluded that the chronic oral administration of formalin causes toxic effects in the liver and kidneys of albino rats