Evaluation of Alkaloids and their Pharmacological Activity from Leptadenia pyrotechnica (Forsk) Decne

Leptadenia pyrotechnica is fibre yielding plant and member of Asclepiadaceae family. Commonly all parts of Leptadenia pyrotechnica are used in folk medicines by local people. The present study gives qualitative estimation of alkaloids and its pharmacological properties. The qualitative and analysis of alkaloids carried out by using GCMS and spectral studies. Antimicrobial properties evaluate by well diffusion method. Fifty compounds found in GCMS analysis of shoots of Leptadenia pyrotechnica á,á Carotene, 6',7'-didehydro-5,6-epoxy-5,5', 6,6',7,8hexahydro3,3', 5'trihydroxy8oxo (3.56%) found to be maximum area observed at the retention time of 28.15. Shoots and roots both showed remarkable antimicrobial activity against selected microbial agents. Maximum zone of inhibition was observed in roots (15 mm) against Staphylococcus aureus and in fungal strains shoot showed (17 mm) zone of inhibition against Penicillium funiculosum. The findings of this study illustrate that Leptadenia pyrotechnica have remedial capability.

To Assess the Frequency of Common Fractures Secondary to Motorcycle Accident in Patients Admitted to the Orthopedic Department of a Tertiary Care Hospital, Pakistan

Objective: To assess the frequency of common fractures secondary to a bike accident in patients admitted to the orthopedic department of a tertiary care hospital, urban center. Methods: This cross-sectional study embrace 240 patients with the bike out of action for 6-months from September 2017 to March 2018 in Department of Orthopedic Unit I and II, Dow University of Health Sciences/Civil Hospital urban center. Temporary history concerning the time of accident and age of the patients was taken. Examination and relevant X-Rays were done. All the knowledge was noted in proforma. Results: The common age of the patients was 32 years (0.92 ± 7.30). There have been 200 (83.33%) male and 40 (16.67%) female. Out of 240 patients, femoris fracture was found in 68 (28.33%), leg bone fractures 134 (55.83%), there have been 19 (7.92%) arm bone fractures, and radius-ulna fractures were determined in 19 (7.92%). Conclusion: Majority of the accidents are preventable by an academic campaign of the general public, social control of traffic rules, provision of facilities for passengers and upgraded observance system for transportation and drivers. Preventive programs and actions should be launched by policy manufacturers of involved departments and stakeholders at the national level.

Study of the hormonal and reproductive factors associated with low back pain in reproductive female.

Background: Low back pain related disability and work absence accounts for high economical costs in modern society. A prevalence of 28-80% has been found with increase of prevalence with age and female preponderance. Methods: The present study was conducted on 250 non pregnant women complaining of low back pain attending department at Upper India Sugar Exchange Maternity Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, GSVM Medical College, Kanpur during the period of one year. A brief questionnaire was used to screen, among the respondents, the occurrence of low back pain in the past year. Results: Low back pain was associated with high BMI, high waist circumference, more number of children, irregular and prolonged duration of menstruation, young maternal age at first birth and with history of abortion. Conclusions: Hormonal and reproductive factors are associated with low back pain.

The Epidemiology of Deliberate Self-Poisoning Presenting at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Hyderabad Sindh, Pakistan.

Objective: To observe the demographic characteristics of the patients, substance abused, intention and precipitating factors for self-poisoning presenting to Accident& Emergency department of Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan. Patients and Methodology: A prospective observational study was carried out for a period of 6 months from (March 2013 to August 2013).100 patients more than >12years with a definite history of self-poisoning were included. Details regarding patients demographic characteristics e.g. age, sex, maritalstatus, academic status, socioeconomic standing etc. and substance abused for self-poisoning were recorded on a specifically designed proforma. Results: During the study period 100 patients of DSP were included. Of 100 patients 40% (n=40) were male age ranges from (15-50) and 60% (n=60) were female age ranges from (17-50). Mean age of the patients was 23.63±8.370 (mean±SD). Out of hundred patients 57% (F=31, M=26) were uneducated, 56% (F=34, M=22) were unmarried, those who were unmarried had statistically significant relationship with the use of organophosphorous compounds/Rat killer for self-poisoning (p= 0.0281). 85% of the total patients belonged to lower socioeconomic class. Occupation wise mostly female were household/house wife and male were farmer/labour. (49%) of the studied group used organo-phosphorous containing compound insecticide/pesticides, 29% used Rat killer. 11% of the patients consumed benzodiazepine for self-poisoning.60% of the total patients had suicidal intention, use of organophosphorous compound/Rat killer is significantly associated with the intention to suicide (p=0.0001), 33%of the patients wanted to draw attention and 7% committed DSP to show anger, or to punish themselves because of guilt Table 4. (46%) committed the act of DSP after having conflict with parents other had interpersonal conflicts with husband/wife, girlfriend/boyfriend and close relatives. Conclusion: Use of organophosphorous containing compound/Rat killer are associated with an intention to suicide (p=0.0001) and these are preferred substances used for selfpoisoning among unmarried population (p=0.0281).Demographic characteristics of patients do not vary greatly with relation to their orientation to urban or rural areas as well as choice of substance for self-poisoning were also independent to location (p=1.0000).