Expression of vimentin in breast carcinoma, its correlation with Ki67 and other histopathological parameters.

CONTEXT: Vimentin is a mesenchymal marker, known to express in some epithelial carcinomas. AIMS: 1. To find out the expression of vimentin in infiltrating ductal carcinoma of breast (not otherwise specified), 2. To find out the correlation between expression of vimentin and prognostic markers such as tumor size, tumor grade, lymph node status, proliferation index (measured by Ki 67), and Nottingham prognostic index (NPI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Study was done at Department of Pathology; 50 cases of infiltrating ductal carcinoma (NOS) were studied for tumor grade; immunohistochemistry was done using antibodies against vimentin and Ki 67. Percentages of positive cells were documented. An immunoscore was also calculated for vimentin. Vimentin expression was correlated with tumor size, lymph node status, Nottingham prognostic index, and Ki 67. Statistical analysis used: statistical correlation was done using Pearson’s chi-square test. A P value less than 0.01 was considered significant. RESULTS: Vimentin expression was seen in 18% of cases. Its expression correlated with high tumor grade and high growth fraction (P value < 0.01). It did not correlate with lymph node status, tumor size, and NPI. CONCLUSIONS: Increased vimentin expression is associated with bad prognostic factors. Immunohistochemistry with vimentin may be helpful in knowing the prognosis in cases of infiltrating ductal carcinoma of breast (NOS).

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor with divergent differentiation.

A malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) is an uncommon spindle cell sarcoma accounting for approximately 5% of all soft tissue sarcomas. A 55-year-old female with a right suprarenal tumor showed MPNST with additional foci of epithelioid, rhabdomyoblastic, osteogenic and lipogenic differentiation. Although the capacity of MPNST to undergo epithelioid, rhabdomyoblastic, osteogenic and very rarely lipogenic differentiation is reported in literature, the occurrence of all these differentiation in one case has not been described in literature before. To the best of our knowledge, this is only the second MPNST case with lipomatous differentiation.

Ovarian pregnancy.

Ovarian pregnancy is a rare form of extrauterine pregnancy contributing < 3% of ectopic pregnancies. We report an ovarian pregnancy in a 23-year female.

Factors influencing quality of semen: a two year prospective study.

In the recent years, male infertility and subfertility has increased, which is attributed to many factors. So our study focuses the effects of age, occupation, smoking, alcohol and varicocele on the semen quality. Detailed history and examination of 93 cases (fulfilled inclusion criterion) was done. Semen analysis of these cases were compared with above parameters using statistical tools like mean, standard deviation, standard error of mean and significance was tested by student's 't' test. The mean sperm density, total motility and rapid progressive motility in control group were 68.95 x 10(6)/ml, 59.9% and 30.5% respectively. Reduction of sperm density was statistically significant (p value < 0.05) in both tobacco users + alcoholics and in varicocele patients in comparison with controls. Age and occupation did not alter semen quality significantly. Our study concluded that semen quality is decreasing in the past few decades and combined tobacco + alcohol use, and varicocele have more detrimental effect on semen quality.

Plasma cell leukemia presenting as acute renal failure: a case report.

Plasma cell leukemia is a rare form of malignant plasma cell dyscrasia. It can occur as a primary form without prior evidence of multiple myeloma or as a secondary form which is a terminal event in multiple myeloma. A case of primary plasma cell leukemia presenting as acute renal failure is reported here.

CD-3 positive extranodal T-cell lymphoma of nasal type with skin involvement.

A 40-year-old previously healthy lady presented with nasal obstruction and localized plaques over the right arm. She developed complete nasal obstruction due to a mass in the right nasal cavity and skin lesions that ulcerated to present as ecthyma gangrenosum like lesions. Patient's condition deteriorated fast and she developed icterus with fatal outcome within 4 weeks of developing skin lesions. Nasal and skin biopsy revealed angiocentric T-cell lymphoma, which on immuno-phenotyping revealed CD-3 positive; and CD-20, CD-30, ALK and EMA negativity. She was seronegative for HIV. Final diagnosis of CD-3 positive extranodal T-cell lymphoma of nasal type was made. Extranodal T-cell lymphomas are very aggressive NHLs with poor prognosis. Prognosis depends on histology, stage of the disease and sites of involvement. NK/T cell lymphoma of nasal type is common with EBV association. Skin involvement is rare and is also an indicator of poor prognosis.

Primary adenocarcinoma of fallopian tube--a case report.

Primary adenocarcinoma of fallopian tube is the rarest gynecological malignancy of female genital system which is usually misdiagnosed as ovarian tumour or tubo-ovarian mass. We present a case in a 40 year old female.

Multiple primary malignancies: synchronous and metachronous presentation--case report.

Reporting three rare cases of multiple primary cancers. Case one and two were a synchronous presentation of primary gastric carcinoma and renal carcinoma, gastric carcinoma and papillary carcinoma thyroid. Case 3 was metachronous presentation of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity and hepatocellular carcinoma.

Study on the physico-chemical characteristics of breeding grounds in relation to the population density of Anopheles stephensi.

The present study which was based on the quarterly sampling and estimation of various physico-chemical factors throw light on the three significant points with regard to the population build up of Anopheles stephensi. Slightly alkaline pH is essential for higher population density, lower the salinity, higher the population density and higher amount of free ammonia in the water is accounted for the higher population density of A. stephensi.