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1.
Korean Journal of Radiology ; : 177-179, 2023.
Article Dans Anglais | WPRIM | ID: wpr-968276

Résumé

With the surge of interest in the development and application of artificial intelligence (AI) in radiology, we propose that know-how on the development and clinical evaluation of AI models needs to be incorporated in radiologist training curricula to prepare our specialty to lead in the new era of radiology practice augmented by AI.

2.
Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B ; (12): 752-754, 2020.
Article Dans Anglais | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1010555

Résumé

The world is now plagued by a pandemic of unprecedented nature caused by a novel, emerging, and still poorly understood infectious disease, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (Wu and McGoogan, 2020). In addition to the rapidly growing body of scientific and medical literature that is being published, extensive public reports and stories in both the traditional media and social media have served to generate fear, panic, stigmatization, and instances of xenophobia (Zarocostas, 2020).


Sujets)
Humains , Betacoronavirus , COVID-19 , Infections à coronavirus/psychologie , Peur , Éducation pour la santé , Pandémies , Panique , Pneumopathie virale/psychologie , SARS-CoV-2 , Médias sociaux , Confiance
3.
Korean Journal of Radiology ; : 399-404, 2019.
Article Dans Anglais | WPRIM | ID: wpr-741425

Résumé

The use of computed tomography (CT) in emergency departments has increased over several decades, as physicians increasingly depend on imaging for diagnoses. Patients and medical personnel are put at risk due to frequent exposure to and higher levels of radiation, with very little evidence of improvements in outcomes. Here, we explore why CT imaging has a tendency to be overused in emergency departments and the obstacles that medical personnel face in ensuring patient safety. The solution requires cooperation from all emergency care stakeholders as well as the continuous education of doctors on how CT scans help in particular cases.


Sujets)
Humains , Diagnostic , Éducation , Urgences , Services des urgences médicales , Médecine d'urgence , Service hospitalier d'urgences , Sécurité des patients , Pratique professionnelle privée , Rayonnement ionisant , Appréciation des risques , Tomodensitométrie
4.
Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B ; (12): 6-24, 2018.
Article Dans Anglais | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1010364

Résumé

Radiology (imaging) and imaging-guided interventions, which provide multi-parametric morphologic and functional information, are playing an increasingly significant role in precision medicine. Radiologists are trained to understand the imaging phenotypes, transcribe those observations (phenotypes) to correlate with underlying diseases and to characterize the images. However, in order to understand and characterize the molecular phenotype (to obtain genomic information) of solid heterogeneous tumours, the advanced sequencing of those tissues using biopsy is required. Thus, radiologists image the tissues from various views and angles in order to have the complete image phenotypes, thereby acquiring a huge amount of data. Deriving meaningful details from all these radiological data becomes challenging and raises the big data issues. Therefore, interest in the application of radiomics has been growing in recent years as it has the potential to provide significant interpretive and predictive information for decision support. Radiomics is a combination of conventional computer-aided diagnosis, deep learning methods, and human skills, and thus can be used for quantitative characterization of tumour phenotypes. This paper discusses the overview of radiomics workflow, the results of various radiomics-based studies conducted using various radiological images such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron-emission tomography (PET), the challenges we are facing, and the potential contribution of radiomics towards precision medicine.


Sujets)
Humains , Marqueurs biologiques tumoraux , Diagnostic assisté par ordinateur , Génome , Génomique , Imagerie par résonance magnétique , Tumeurs/thérapie , Phénotype , Tomographie par émission de positons , Médecine de précision/méthodes , Radiologie/méthodes , Radiologie interventionnelle/méthodes , Tomodensitométrie , Flux de travaux
5.
Singapore medical journal ; : 262-266, 2016.
Article Dans Anglais | WPRIM | ID: wpr-296422

Résumé

<p><b>INTRODUCTION</b>Inadequate oral care has been implicated in the development of aspiration pneumonia in frail geriatric patients and is a major cause of mortality, due to the colonisation of microbes in vulnerable patients. This type of pneumonia has been associated with an increase in respiratory pathogens in the oral cavity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of chlorhexidine compared to routine oral care in edentulous geriatric inpatients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A double-blind, parallel-group randomised controlled trial was carried out. The intervention group received oral care with chlorhexidine 0.2%, while the control group received routine oral care with thymol. Nurses provided oral care with assigned solutions of 20 mL once daily over seven days. Oral cavity assessment using the Brief Oral Health Status Examination form was performed before each oral care procedure. Data on medication received and the subsequent development of aspiration pneumonia was recorded. An oral swab was performed on Day 7 to obtain specimens to test for colonisation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The final sample consisted of 35 (control) and 43 (intervention) patients. Chlorhexidine was effective in reducing oral colonisation compared to routine oral care with thymol (p < 0.001). The risk of oral bacterial colonisation was nearly three times higher in the thymol group compared to the chlorhexidine group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The use of chlorhexidine 0.2% significantly reduced oral colonisation and is recommended as an easier and more cost-effective alternative for oral hygiene.</p>


Sujets)
Sujet âgé , Sujet âgé de 80 ans ou plus , Femelle , Humains , Mâle , Anti-infectieux locaux , Utilisations thérapeutiques , Chlorhexidine , Utilisations thérapeutiques , Méthode en double aveugle , Gériatrie , Méthodes , Bouche édentée , Thérapeutique , Hygiène buccodentaire , Pneumopathie de déglutition , Microbiologie , Pneumopathie infectieuse sous ventilation assistée , Plan de recherche , Appareil respiratoire , Microbiologie , Thymol , Utilisations thérapeutiques
6.
Singapore medical journal ; : 15-23, 2013.
Article Dans Anglais | WPRIM | ID: wpr-335469

Résumé

The purpose of this study was to perform a systematic review of the diagnostic accuracy, image quality and radiation dose of prospective electrocardiography (ECG)-triggered coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). We searched databases containing studies of CCTA that used prospective ECG-triggering between 2008 and 2011. The effective dose and image quality reported in each study were analysed and compared between the types of multislice CT scanners. We identified 23 studies through this search, with mean assessable coronary segments and effective dose at 96.8% (95% confidence level [CI] 83%, 100%) and 3.6 mSv (95% CI 2.9, 4.3 mSv), respectively. Both quantitative and qualitative assessments of image quality indicated that image quality was achieved in studies using prospective ECG-triggered CCTA, regardless of the type of CT scanners. The pooled estimates of diagnostic values were more than 90% for patient-, vessel- and segment-based assessments. Prospective ECG-triggered CCTA results in high diagnostic accuracy and image quality, with a significantly low radiation dose.


Sujets)
Humains , Cardiologie , Méthodes , Coronarographie , Méthodes , Maladie des artères coronaires , Diagnostic , Imagerie diagnostique , Sténose coronarienne , Diagnostic , Imagerie diagnostique , Vaisseaux coronaires , Anatomopathologie , Imagerie diagnostique , Méthodes , Électrocardiographie , Méthodes , Modèles statistiques , Tomodensitométrie multidétecteurs , Méthodes , Dose de rayonnement , Interprétation d'images radiographiques assistée par ordinateur , Reproductibilité des résultats , Tomodensitométrie , Méthodes
7.
Singapore medical journal ; : 281-284, 2013.
Article Dans Anglais | WPRIM | ID: wpr-359100

Résumé

<p><b>INTRODUCTION</b>Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a common risk among critically ill ventilated patients. This study aimed to investigate the effects of nurse-led education on: (a) knowledge of and compliance with ventilator care bundle (VCB) practices among intensive care unit (ICU) nurses; and (b) reduction in the rates of VAP post intervention.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest evaluation and observation was used to investigate nurses' knowledge of and compliance with VCB practices, and the incidence of VAP. The study was conducted among 71 nurses, and the intervention involved structured education on VAP and its prevention using VCB in an ICU setting. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Nurse-led education significantly increased nurses' knowledge of (t[70] = -36.19; p < 0.001) and compliance with (t[65] = -21.41; p < 0.001) VCB practices. The incidence of VAP, which was 39 per 1,000 ventilator days during the two-month period before intervention, dropped to 15 per 1,000 ventilator days during the two-month period following intervention.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Our findings show that nurse-led education on VAP and VCB significantly increased knowledge of and compliance with VCB practices among ICU nurses, and was associated with a reduction in the incidence of VAP among intubated and mechanically ventilated ICU patients. Inclusion of recent knowledge and evidence-based VCB guidelines for VAP prevention when educating anaesthetists, nurses, physiotherapists and other healthcare providers in the critical care setting is recommended.</p>


Sujets)
Adulte , Femelle , Humains , Mâle , Jeune adulte , Compétence clinique , Soins de réanimation , Méthodes , Normes de référence , Maladie grave , Enseignement infirmier , Formation continue infirmier , Méthodes , Unités de soins intensifs , Normes de référence , Soins , Normes de référence , Pneumopathie infectieuse sous ventilation assistée , Ventilation artificielle , Normes de référence , Respirateurs artificiels , Normes de référence
8.
Singapore medical journal ; : 784-788, 2012.
Article Dans Anglais | WPRIM | ID: wpr-335494

Résumé

Rapid technological developments in medicine have taken place in the Asia-Pacific region over the last decades. Radiology, in particular, has seen enormous growth with the latest medical equipment and practices being commonplace in this region. The use of radiation in medicine must be carefully considered with regard to the potential side effects, such as radiation-induced cancer. There are very limited published papers on the use of radiation in medicine in this region. Hence, in this paper, we present an overview of the use of radiation in medicine in the Asia-Pacific region.


Sujets)
Humains , Asie , Pays en voie de développement , Iles du Pacifique , Radio-oncologie , Radiothérapie
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