Leptin, Neuropeptide Y and Islet Amyloid Polypeptide Levels in Obese Children / 대한소아소화기영양학회지

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare serum leptin, neuropeptide Y (NPY), and islet amyloid polypeptide (amylin) levels in obese and normal weight children, and to investigate their correlations with anthropometric parameters and metabolic bio-marker levels. METHODS: Body mass index (BMI), waist and hip circumference, blood pressure (systolic/diastolic), lipid profile, fasting glucose, and serum insulin, leptin, NPY, and amylin levels were measured in 56 children (24 obese children and 32 non-obese controls). Homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) values were calculated and the relationships between anthropometric variables, metabolic biomarkers, and diet-regulating factors (leptin, NPY, and amylin levels) were examined. RESULTS: BMI, hip circumference, waist circumference, and systolic and diastolic pressure were significantly higher in the obese group than in the non-obese group (p<0.0001). Total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, glucose, and insulin levels were also significantly higher in the obese group (p<0.05). On the other hand, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels were higher in the non-obese group , but this was not significant. Serum leptin, NPY, and amylin levels were significantly higher in the obese group (p<0.05). Furthermore, in the obese group, leptin levels were found to be significantly correlated with BMI (r=0.379, p=0.043), and NPY levels (r=0.377, p=0.044), and amylin levels were found to be significantly correlated with insulin levels (r=0.400, p=0.048), and HOMA-IR (r=0.459, p=0.028). CONCLUSION: Metabolic risk factor alterations are present in obese children, and these children show abnormalities in the diet regulatory system caused by leptin, NPY, and amylin resistance. Of particular note, amylin was found to be positively correlated with insulin resistance.

Changes in Neuropeptide Y-Immunoreactive Cells in the Hypothalamus and Cajal Interstitial Cells in the Small Intestine of Rats with High-Fat Diet / 대한소아소화기영양학회지

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to assess changes in neuropeptide Y (NPY) immunoreactivity in the hypothalamus and interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) in the small intestine of rats fed high-fat diets (HFD). METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats (200~250 g body weight) were randomly divided into two groups, which were the control group (normal chow diet for 6 weeks), and the HFD group (rodent diet with 60% kcal fat for 6 weeks). The immunoreactivity of NPY in the hypothalamus and ICC in the small intestine was evaluated after every feed for 6 weeks. RESULTS: NPY immunoreactivity was observed strongly in the hypothalamic nuclei in the HFD group compared to the control group. The numbers of NPY-immunoreactive (IR) cells were significantly higher in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus in the HFD group than in the control group. In the region of Auerbach's plexus (AP) of small intestine, the staining intensity of the ICC-IR cells was reduced in the HFD group compared to the control group. The numbers of ICC in the small intestine with HFD, including ICC in the inner circular and outer longitudinal muscle were significantly lower than in the control group. CONCLUSION: This study suggested that increasing NPY-IR cells in the hypothalamus may reflect resistance of NPY action after a HFD, and decreasing ICC-IR cells in the small intestine after a HFD is functionally significant in gastrointestinal motility.

Relationships of Serum Leptin Levels with Bone Metabolism in the Childhood Obesity / 대한소아소화기영양학회지

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of leptin on biochemical markers of bone metabolism in childhood obesity. METHODS: A total of 50 male children (25 obese and 25 controls) were recruited from the pediatric outpatient clinic at the Chosun University Hospital from November 1st 2005 to May 30th 2006. BMI, body fat percentage, serum leptin, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (B-ALP), C-terminal propeptide of type 1 collagen (CICP), total deoxypyridinoline crosslinks (total DPD) were measured. The correlations of leptin with BMI, body fat percentage, B-ALP, CICP, total DPD were analyzed by Pearson's correlation. In a multiple stepwise regression analysis, leptin after correction for body weight was evaluated if there was a correlation with biochemical markers of bone formation and resorption respectively. RESULTS: The leptin levels of the obese group were significantly higher than those of the control group (p=0.012). In the obese group, the leptin level was significantly positively correlated with the BMI (r=0.551, p=0.01) and the percentage of body fat (r=0.584, p=0.018). In the obese group, of bone markers, B-ALP (r=-0.613, p=0.026) and CICP (r=-0.583, p=0.037) were negatively correlated with leptin. B-ALP (r=-0.728, p=0.007) and CICP (r=-0.684, p=0.014) were negatively correlated with leptin when corrected for body weight. In the control group, bone markers were not correlated with leptin. In the multiple stepwise regression analyses, there was a negative correlation between the leptin and B-ALP (Y=-39.653X+356.341, p=0.026), CICP (Y=-13.437X+116.013, p=0.037) respectively in the obese group. CONCLUSION: Leptin was a significant factor in the bone formation but not in bone resorption in childhood obesity.

Effect of Dietary sn-2 Position Palmitic Acid on Growth and Bone Metabolism in Formula-fed Infants / 대한소아내분비학회지

PURPOSE: Palmitic acid in infant formulas has been shown to lower calcium and fat absorption because of its structural difference from human milk. Some studies reported the inclusion of palm and palm olein oil in infant formula led to lower bone mineralization. We aimed to determine whether the sn-2 position palmitic acid fortified infant formula influences growth and skeletal development, by comparing bone mineral accretion and bone markers in formula-fed infants to those in breast-fed ones. METHODS: We determined anthropometrics and feeding intake in three groups of full term newborn infants fed different diets at 6 and 12 weeks after birth; Group A (n=15) was fed human milk, Group B (n=15) was fed formula alpha (31% sn-2 palmitic acid as a mainly plant source), Group C (n=15) was fed formula beta (31% sn-2 palmitic acid as a mainly animal source). Total body bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) were measured at 12 weeks of age using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. We measured bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (B-ALP), C-terminal propeptide of type 1 collagen (CICP) as markers for bone formation, and deoxypyridinoline crosslinks (total DPD) as a marker for bone resorption at 6 and 12 weeks. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between feeding groups in body weight, height, head circumference, and skinfold thickness at 6 and 12 weeks. The concentrations of B-ALP, CICP, and total DPD were not significantly different between feeding groups at 6 weeks. The concentrations of B-ALP and total DPD were not significantly different between feeding groups at 12 weeks. The concentrations of CICP in Group B and C were higher than that of Group A (P<0.05). BMC and BMD in formula-fed infants (Group B and C) were not different from those of breast-fed ones (Group A). BMC and BMD in Group B were higher than that of Group C (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The growth and bone mineralization in infants fed sn-2 position palmitic acid fortified formula were not different in those of breast-fed ones.

staphylococcus Aureus Growth Inhibition in Amniotic Hluid -Antibody fot the Transferrin-binding Protein- / 대한주산의학회잡지

No abstract available.

A Case of Herpes Zoster in Premature Infant

Herpes zoster, an inflammatory human disease caused by varicella zoster virus, is characterized by papulovesicular lesions along the distribution of a sensory nerve. We experienced a herpes zoster in 23 day old premature infant. The papules were distributed on his skin corresponding to the dermatomes innervated by the left Th3-Th4. The diagnosis of herpes zoster was made with dermatomal distribution of typical skin lesions, pathologic findings of eosinophilic intranuclear body and multinucleated giant cells in skin lesion (biopsy specimen). Detection of VZV specific IgG and IgM in the sera of patient was carried out. He was successfully treated with topical and intravenous administration of acyclovir. We report this case with a review of related literatures.

A Measurement of Mumps Specific IgG & IgM Antibody in the Sera of Mumps Vaccinated Healthy Children

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and need for boosting of mumps vaccine, we measured the degree of immunity of previously vaccinated healthy children with the age from 15 months to 15 years. METHODS: We measured mumps specific IgG & IgM antibody titers of 96 children, vaccinated at the age of 15 months, with the age from 15 months to 15 years by ELISA.(Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) RESULTS: The results are as follows 1) Sixty three cases(65.6%) were positive for mumps IgG antibody and 18 cases (18.7%) were positive for IgM antibody. 2) Mumps IgG antibody decreased between the age of 4 to 6 years and after then increased again. CONCLUSIONS: We suggested that the boosting mumps vaccination will be required between the age of 4 to 6 years.

Statistical analysis of the prevalence and trend of obesity in elementary school children in Kwangju

To estimate the prevalence and trend of obesity in primary school-age children, obesity survey was performend in children aged 6 to 12 years(5,226 boys and 5,048 girls)in Kwangju in 1991. Obesity was defined as overweight if more than 20 per cent above the median weight for height and age(relative weight>120%). The following results were obtained: 1) The prevalence of obesity that exceeded the weight centiles at each height by more than 97th percentile was 8.78. Boys (9.70%)was not significantly higher than in girls(7.82%)(p>0.05). 2) The prevalence of obesity that exceeded the standard weight for height by more than 20% was 8.82%. Among them, 5.45% were mild obesity and 2.93% were moderate obesity and 0.44% were severe obesity. The prevalence rate of obesity was no significant differences by sex(p>0.05). 3) Regionally, the prevalence of obesity was a lower rate in Kwangiu in 1991 (8.82%)than that in Seoul in 1989(11.68%).

A case of carbamazepine-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis

Drug-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a bullous erythematous disease that is characterized by the appearance of scaled lesions and large sheets of pilling on the skin. A caseof TEN occured in a 10 month old female patient. The characteristic skin lesions of TEN developed after oral administration of carbamazepine for a partial seizure. Thig case consists of prodrome of malaise, fever, anorexia, and conjunctivity followed by erythema & flaccid bullae formation. Diagnosis was confirmed by histologic findings. This patient was treated with a massive systemic corticosteroid, antibiotics, fluid and electrolytes, and topical measures. Authors experienced an extremely rare case of TEN dur to carbamazepine, So report it with a brief review of literature.

Inhibitory effects of several drugs to intestinal secretory stimulation of heat-labile enterotoxin produced by enterotoxigenic E. coli

No abstract available.

Seroconversion rate of measles specific IgG antibody in previously vaccinated children

No abstract available.

The effect of pertussis vaccine on streptozotocin induced diabetic rats

No abstract available.

A Case of Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia Associated with Chronic Hepatitis in Children

No abstract available.

A Study on Changes of Serum Prootein, Immunoglobulins, and Electrolyte Metabolism in Childhood Nephrotic Syndrome after Steroid Therapy

No abstract available.