Analysis of risk factors and severity prediction of acute pancreatitis induced by pegaspargase in children / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective:To analyze the risk factors for asparaginase-associated pancreatitis (AAP) in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) after treatment with pegaspargase and evaluate the predictive value of pediatric sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, pediatric acute pancreatitis severity (PAPS) score, Ranson′s score and pediatric Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan (JPN) score for severe AAP.Methods:Cross-sectional study.The clinical data of 328 children with ALL who received pegaspargase treatment in the Department of Pediatric Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University from January 2014 to August 2021, as well as their clinical manifestations, laboratory examinations, and imaging examinations were collected.The SOFA score at the time of AAP diagnosis, PAPS score and Ranson′s score at 48 hours after AAP diagnosis, and JPN score at 72 hours after AAP diagnosis were calculated, and their predictive value for severe AAP was evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.Results:A total of 6.7%(22/328) of children had AAP, with the median age of 6.62 years.AAP most commonly occurred in the induced remission phase (16/22, 72.7%). Three AAP children were re-exposed to asparaginase, and 2 of them developed a second AAP.Among the 22 AAP children, 16 presented with mild symptoms, and 6 with severe symptoms.The 6 children with severe AAP were all transferred to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). There were no significant differences in gender, white blood cell count at first diagnosis, immunophenotype, risk stratification, and single dose of pegaspargase between the AAP and non-AAP groups.The age at diagnosis of ALL in the AAP group was significantly higher than that in the non-AAP group ( t=2.385, P=0.018). The number of overweight or obese children in the AAP group was also higher than that in the non-AAP group ( χ2=4.507, P=0.034). The areas under the ROC curve of children′s JPN score, SOFA score, Ranson′s score, and PAPS score in predicting severe AAP were 0.919, 0.844, 0.731, and 0.606, respectively.The JPN score ( t=4.174, P=0.001) and the SOFA score ( t=3.181, P=0.005) showed statistically significant differences between mild and severe AAP. Conclusions:AAP is a serious complication in the treatment of ALL with combined pegaspargase and chemotherapy.Older age and overweight or obesity may be the risk factors for AAP.Pediatric JPN and SOFA scores have predictive value for severe AAP.

Contrast-enhanced CT and MRI in differentiating squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal cavity and sinuses from lymphoma / 实用医学杂志

Objective To investigate the enhanced CT and MRI imaging features of nasal sinus squamous cell carcinoma(SCC)and lymphoma(NHL),and to analyze the efficacy of different imaging features in differentiating nasal sinus SCC from NHL.Methods The imaging,clinical and pathological data of 67 patients with sinus SCC and NHL who underwent sinus CT and MRI with contrast CT and MRI in our hospital and confirmed by surgical pathology were retrospectively analyzed,and the tumor origin,maximum diameter,CT density,MRI signal intensity,enhancement degree,tumor internal necrosis,adjacent bone destruction,invasion of surrounding tissues,and The imaging features such as cervical lymph node metastasis within the scanning range were analyzed,and the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve and area under the curve(AUC)were used to analyze the efficacy of different imaging features to distinguish nasal sinus SCC and NHL.Results There were statistically significant differences between the five imaging features of nasal sinus SCC and NHL,including tumor origin,maximum diameter,internal tumor necrosis,surrounding bone destruction and peripheral tissue invasion(P＜0.05),and the AUC of differentiating SCC and NHL were 0.708,0.694,0.785,0.850 and 0.629,respectively.The AUC of SCC and NHL was 0.969,and the sensitivity and specificity were 83.9%and 97.2%,respectively.Conclusion On contrast-enhanced CT and MRI,the imaging signs of tumor origin,maximum diameter,tumor internal necrosis,bone destruction and surrounding tissue invasion are helpful to distinguish nasal sinus SCC from NHL,especially if the tumor originates in the nasal cavity,necrosis is rare,bone destruction is mild,and the possibility of nasal sinus NHL should be given priority.Contrast-enhanced CT and MRI can help differentiate nasal sinus SCC from NHL,and the combination can help improve differential diagnostic performance.

Association of Serum Levels of Trace Elements in Early Pregnancy with Bile Acid Metabolism and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus:A Nested Case-Control Study / 华中科技大学学报(医学版)

Objective To explore the association between serum trace element levels in early pregnancy and gestational dia-betes mellitus(GDM),and the mediating effect of bile acid metabolism changes in this association.Methods A nested case-con-trol study was designed based on the Guangxi Zhuang Birth Cohort.A total of 248 pregnant women(case group=124,control group=124)were included from June 2015 to July 2019 in Nanning city.The concentrations of 8 trace elements and 31 bile acids in serum were measured in early pregnancy.Conditional logistic regression and BKMR models were used to analyze the associa-tion and combined effect between trace elements and GDM risk,respectively.Orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant anal-ysis(OPLS-DA)was used to screen potential bile acid biomarkers associated with GDM,and then conditional logistic regression was used to determine the association between specific bile acid levels and GDM risk.Multiple linear regression was used to e-valuate the association of serum trace element concentrations with differential bile acid metabolites.Mediation analysis was used to evaluate the mediating role of bile acids in the relationship between trace element exposure and GDM.Results After adjus-ting for confounding factors,serum vanadium(V)was found to be positively associated with the risk of GDM,while chromium(Cr),manganese(Mn),zinc(Zn),selenium(Se)and molybdenum(Mo)were negatively correlated with the risk of GDM(all P＜0.05).The OPLS-DA model and conditional Logistic regression analysis showed that taurocholic acid(TCA),glycochenodeoxy-cholic acid 3-sulfate(GCDCA-3S),glycochenodeoxycholic acid-3-O-β-glucuronide(GCDCA-3Gln),glycoursodeoxycholic acid-3-sulfate(GUDCA-3S),taurodeoxycholic acid-3-sulfate(TDCA-3S),and chenodeoxycholic acid(CDCA)might be potential bile acid metabolic markers of GDM(all P＜0.05).The concentrations of multiple trace elements were also significantly correlated with the levels of specific bile acids(all P＜0.05).Mediation analysis showed that GCDCA-3Gln and TCA mediated the associa-tion between serum Zn and Se and GDM risk,respectively(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Serum trace elements such as V and Cr are significantly associated with the risk of GDM in early pregnancy,and changes in bile acid metabolism may precede the occur-rence of GDM.It is suggested that the effect of trace elements on the metabolism of bile acids,especially conjugated bile acids,may be one of the mechanisms affecting the risk of GDM.

Chemical constituents from the twigs of Aglaia perviridis and their biological activities / 中成药

AIM To study the chemical constituents from the twigs of Aglaia perviridis Hiern and their total antioxidant and neuroprotective activities.METHODS The 95%ethanol extract from the twigs of A.perviridis were isolated and purified by silica gel,ODS and semi-preparative HPLC,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data.The antioxidant and neuroprotective activities were evaluated by T-AOC kit and MTT assay,respectively.RESULTS Twenty-one compounds were isolated and identified as 3-epicotillol(1),syringic acid(2),palmitic acid(3),di-N-pentyl phthalate(4),ethyl-4-hydroxyphenylacetate(5),7-hydroxy-6-methoxycoumarin(6),1-octanol(7),p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid(8),(+)-syringaresinol-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(9),(+)-episyring-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(10),methy-4-hydroxyphenylacetate(11),koaburaside(12),byzantionoside B(13),quercetin 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside(14),(2R,3R)-(+)-glucodistylin(15),(2S,3S)-(-)-glucodistylin(16),(+)-lyoniresinol-3α-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(17),(+)-isolariciresinol-9'-O-β-D-glucopyranosidede(18),(-)-lyoniresinol-3α-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(19),phlorizin(20),β-sitosterol(21).The total antioxidant capacity of compounds2,9-10,14-20 was 10.300-38.367 U/(mmol·L-1).The neuroprotective effects of compounds 2,10 and 17 were concentration-dependent,and the optimal concentrations of compounds 9 and 15 were 50,100 μmol/L,respectively.CONCLUSION Compounds 1-20 are isolated from this plant for the first time.Compounds 2,9-10,14-20 have strong total antioxidant activities.Compounds 2,9-10,15,17 have neuroprotective activities.

Effects of Tuina targeting different body parts on the behaviors and gut microflora of autistic spectrum disorder rat models / 数字中医药（英文）

Objective @#To investigate the effects of Tuina targeting different body parts on the behaviors and gut microflora of rat models with valproic acid (VPA)-induced autistic spectrum disorder(ASD).@*Methods@#Twenty female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats with 12.5 d of pregnancy were randomly divided into VPA model group [intraperitoneal injection of VPA (600 mg/kg), n = 15] and saline group (intraperitoneal injection of equal amount of normal saline, n = 5). The offspring male rats injected with saline were secleted as control group. The offspring male rats injected with VPA were randomly divided into VPA, dorsal, and abdominal groups (n = 7 in each group). On the 21st day after birth, three-chamber social test, open field test, and marbleburying test were carried out to observe the social abilities, anxiety behaviors, and stereotypical behaviors of rats in the four groups. Rats in dorsal and abdominal groups underwent Tuina for 14 d, twice a day. On the 35th day, behavioral tests were conducted again, and intestinal contents were taken for species composition and structural analysis, as well as marker and differential species analysis.@*Result@#(i) According to behavioral observations, compared with VPA group, the social and movement time in the central open field of rats in dorsal group increased significantly (P <0.05), and the number of buried marbles decreased markedly (P < 0.01), indicating improvement on their social abilities, anxiety behaviors, and stereotypical behaviors as consequences of dorsal Tuina; and the number of buried marbles was reduced as well in abdominal group when compared with VPA group (P < 0.05), suggesting the improvement on their stereotypical behaviors following abdominal Tuina. In the marble-burying test, the number of marbles buried in dorsal group was less than in abdominal group, and the stereotypical behaviors were improved more significantly (P < 0.05), and there were no significant differences in the three-chamber social and open field tests between the two groups (P >0.05). (ii) In accordance with intestinal microflora detection results, compared with VPA group, both dorsal and abdominal groups showed increased richness (P < 0.05) and elevated diversity (P < 0.05 in dorsal group and P < 0.01 in abdominal group) in intestinal microflora. The results of differential analysis indicated that at the phylum level, compared with VPA group, the relative abundance of Firmicutes in rats in abdominal group showed a significant reduction trend (P < 0.05); at the genus level, compared with VPA group, the relative abundance of Lactobacillus in rats in dorsal and abdominal groups decreased significantly (P < 0.05). Dorsal group also showed significant increase in the genus Blautia in the analysis of marker species comparedwith VPA group (P < 0.05).@*Conclusion@#Tuina impacted the behavior and gut microflora structure of ASD model rats. Dorsal intervention had a significant effect on social abilities, anxiety behaviors, and stereotypical behaviors of ASD model rats, while abdominal intervention only had an obvious effect on stereotypical behaviors. Both dorsal and abdominal interventions increased the richness and diversity of gut microflora of ASD model rats, with abdominal intervention improving the intestinal microbial diversity more significantly and resulting in a more uniform species distribution.

Study on the potential allergen and mechanism of pseudo-allergic reactions induced by combined using of Reduning injection and penicillin G injection based on metabolomics and bioinformatics / 药学学报

Based on the strategy of metabolomics combined with bioinformatics, this study analyzed the potential allergens and mechanism of pseudo-allergic reactions (PARs) induced by the combined use of Reduning injection and penicillin G injection. All animal experiments and welfare are in accordance with the requirements of the First Affiliated Experimental Animal Ethics and Animal Welfare Committee of Henan University of Chinese Medicine (approval number: YFYDW2020002). Based on UPLC-Q-TOF/MS technology combined with UNIFI software, a total of 21 compounds were identified in Reduning and penicillin G mixed injection. Based on molecular docking technology, 10 potential allergens with strong binding activity to MrgprX2 agonist sites were further screened. Metabolomics analysis using UPLC-Q-TOF/MS technology revealed that 34 differential metabolites such as arachidonic acid, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes were endogenous differential metabolites of PARs caused by combined use of Reduning injection and penicillin G injection. Through the analysis of the "potential allergen-target-endogenous differential metabolite" interaction network, the chlorogenic acids (such as chlorogenic acid, neochlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, and isochlorogenic acid A) and β-lactam allergens in the combination of the two may be mainly regulated by PLD1, PLA2G12A and CYP1A1. The three upstream signal target proteins mainly activate the arachidonic acid metabolic pathway, promote the degranulation of mast cells, release downstream endogenous inflammatory mediators, and induce PARs.

Visualization of nasal powder distribution using biomimetic human nasal cavity model

Nasal drug delivery efficiency is highly dependent on the position in which the drug is deposited in the nasal cavity. However, no reliable method is currently available to assess its impact on delivery performance. In this study, a biomimetic nasal model based on three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction and three-dimensional printing (3DP) technology was developed for visualizing the deposition of drug powders in the nasal cavity. The results showed significant differences in cavity area and volume and powder distribution in the anterior part of the biomimetic nasal model of Chinese males and females. The nasal cavity model was modified with dimethicone and validated to be suitable for the deposition test. The experimental device produced the most satisfactory results with five spray times. Furthermore, particle sizes and spray angles were found to significantly affect the experimental device's performance and alter drug distribution, respectively. Additionally, mometasone furoate (MF) nasal spray (NS) distribution patterns were investigated in a goat nasal cavity model and three male goat noses, confirming the in vitro and in vivo correlation. In conclusion, the developed human nasal structure biomimetic device has the potential to be a valuable tool for assessing nasal drug delivery system deposition and distribution.

Study on the characterization of hepatitis B virus quasi-species based on the long-term cohort study in Long′an County, Guangxi / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract: Objective To clarify the long-term evolution of hepatitis B virus (HBV) quasi-species in HBsAg asymptomatic carriers in Long'an county, Guangxi. Methods ELISA was used to detect serological markers of HBV. Viral loads were measured by real time PCR. HBV DNA was extracted from serum by kits. The whole HBV genome was amplified using nested PCR and amplicons were sequenced by next-generation sequencing (NGS). These sequences from NGS were analyzed by the software like Mega. Results Serum samples were collected from 9 HBsAg asymptomatic carriers in Longan County，Guangxi at 4 different time points in 2004, 2007, 2013, 2019 or 2020. A total of 23 serum samples and 309 full-length gene quasi-species sequences were obtained, with an average amount of (0.18±0.07) G sequencing data for each sample. Genotype of 55.54%(5/9) the studied subjects underwent genotype conversion during the long-term evolution process of HBV quasi-species, and the genotyping results of the phylogenetic tree in the PreS/S region are in perfect agreement with the results of the whole genome analysis; recombinant B/C, I/C were found; the Sn ranged from 0 to 0.37 and the genetic diversity ranged from 0 to 0.11, respectively. A total of 21 special single nucleotide/amino acid mutations (7 in the S region, 2 in the X region, 3 in the PreC region and 9 in the BCP region) and 6 deletion mutations were detected, multiple mutations were found and no drug resistant mutations were found; 77.8%(7/9) of the HBV strains carried by the subjects in 2004 had double mutations at nt1 762(A→T) and 1 764(G→A) and a stop mutation at nt1 896(G→A); HBV mutations can be restored from the mutant type to the wild type and (or) vice versa without antiviral drug pressure, and The evolution rate of HBV genome was 2.03×10-5~3.50×10-3.Conclusion HBV genotype, recombinants, genetic complexity and diversity of HBV quasi-species can change over time during in natural infection. The transformation between HBV mutation type and wild type reduces the value of predicting clinical outcomes by genetic types and related mutations to some extent. The HBV genome evolution rate of asymptomatic carriers of HBsAg in Long'an County is very high.

Development and validation of prognostic nomogram for malignant pleural mesothelioma / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective: To development the prognostic nomogram for malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). Methods: Two hundred and ten patients pathologically confirmed as MPM were enrolled in this retrospective study from 2007 to 2020 in the People's Hospital of Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture, the First and Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, and divided into training (n=112) and test (n=98) sets according to the admission time. The observation factors included demography, symptoms, history, clinical score and stage, blood cell and biochemistry, tumor markers, pathology and treatment. The Cox proportional risk model was used to analyze the prognostic factors of 112 patients in the training set. According to the results of multivariate Cox regression analysis, the prognostic prediction nomogram was established. C-Index and calibration curve were used to evaluate the model's discrimination and consistency in raining and test sets, respectively. Patients were stratified according to the median risk score of nomogram in the training set. Log rank test was performed to compare the survival differences between the high and low risk groups in the two sets. Results: The median overall survival (OS) of 210 MPM patients was 384 days (IQR=472 days), and the 6-month, 1-year, 2-year, and 3-year survival rates were 75.7%, 52.6%, 19.7%, and 13.0%, respectively. Cox multivariate regression analysis showed that residence (HR=2.127, 95% CI: 1.154-3.920), serum albumin (HR=1.583, 95% CI: 1.017-2.464), clinical stage (stage Ⅳ: HR=3.073, 95% CI: 1.366-6.910) and the chemotherapy (HR=0.476, 95% CI: 0.292-0.777) were independent prognostic factors for MPM patients. The C-index of the nomogram established based on the results of Cox multivariate regression analysis in the training and test sets were 0.662 and 0.613, respectively. Calibration curves for both the training and test sets showed moderate consistency between the predicted and actual survival probabilities of MPM patients at 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years. The low-risk group had better outcomes than the high-risk group in both training (P=0.001) and test (P=0.003) sets. Conclusion: The survival prediction nomogram established based on routine clinical indicators of MPM patients provides a reliable tool for prognostic prediction and risk stratification.

Safety evaluation of Tibetan medicine Qishiwei Zhenzhu Pills based on serum pharmacochemistry and network pharmacology / 中国中药杂志

To explore the mechanism of the active ingredients of Qishiwei Zhenzhu Pills in inhibiting the hepatorenal toxicity of the zogta component based on serum pharmacochemistry and network pharmacology, thereby providing references for the clinical safety application of Qishiwei Zhenzhu Pills. The small molecular compounds in the serum containing Qishiwei Zhenzhu Pills of mice were identified by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(HPLC-MS/MS). Then, by comprehensively using Traditional Chinese Medicines Systems Pharmacology(TCMSP), High-throughput Experiment-and Reference-guided Database(HERB), PubChem, GeneCards, SuperPred, and other databases, the active compounds in the serum containing Qishiwei Zhenzhu Pills were retrieved and their action targets were predicted. The predicted targets were compared with the targets of liver and kidney injury related to mercury toxicity retrieved from the database, and the action targets of Qishiwei Zhenzhu Pills to inhibit the potential mercury toxicity of zogta were screened out. Cytoscape was used to construct the active ingredient in Qishiwei Zhenzhu Pills-containing serum-action target network, and STRING database was used to construct the protein-protein interaction(PPI) network of intersection targets. The Gene Ontology(GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) enrichment analyses were carried out on the target genes by the DAVID database. The active ingredient-target-pathway network was constructed, and the key ingredients and targets were screened out for molecular docking verification. The results showed that 44 active compounds were identified from the serum containing Qishiwei Zhenzhu Pills, including 13 possible prototype drug ingredients, and 70 potential targets for mercury toxicity in liver and kidney were identified. Through PPI network topology analysis, 12 key target genes(HSP90AA1, MAPK3, STAT3, EGFR, MAPK1, APP, MMP9, NOS3, PRKCA, TLR4, PTGS2, and PARP1) and 6 subnetworks were obtained. Through GO and KEGG analysis of 4 subnetworks containing key target genes, the interaction network diagram of active ingredient-action target-key pathway was constructed and verified by molecular docking. It was found that taurodeoxycholic acid, N-acetyl-L-leucine, D-pantothenic acid hemicalcium, and other active ingredients may regulate biological functions and pathways related to metabolism, immunity, inflammation, and oxidative stress by acting on major targets such as MAPK1, STAT3, and TLR4, so as to inhibit the potential mercury toxicity of zogta in Qishiwei Zhenzhu Pills. In conclusion, the active ingredients of Qishiwei Zhenzhu Pills may have a certain detoxification effect, thus inhibiting the potential mercury toxicity of zogta and playing a role of reducing toxicity and enhancing effect.

Chinese Medicine Plaster as A New Treatment for Surgical Site Infection in Patients with Cesarean Delivery: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Trial / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the efficacy of Chinese plaster containing rhubarb and mirabilite on surgical site infection (SSI) in patients with cesarean delivery (CD) by performing a randomized controlled trial.@*METHODS@#This randomized controlled trial included 560 patients with CD due to fetal head descent enrolled at a tertiary teaching center between December 31, 2018 and October 31, 2021. Eligible patients were randomly assigned to a Chinese medicine (CM) group (280 cases) or a placebo group (280 cases) by a random number table, and were treated with CM plaster (made by rhubarb and mirabilite) or a placebo plaster, respectively. Both courses of treatment lasted from the day 1 of CD, followed day 2 until discharge. The primary outcome was the total number of patients with superficial, deep and organ/space SSI. The secondary outcome was duration of postoperative hospital stay, antibiotic intake, and unplanned readmission or reoperation due to SSI. All reported efficacy and safety outcomes were confirmed by a central adjudication committee that was unaware of the study-group assignments.@*RESULTS@#During the recovery process after CD, the rates of localized swelling, redness and heat were significantly lower in the CM group than in the placebo group [7.55% (20/265) vs. 17.21% (47/274), P<0.01]. The durution of postoperative antibiotic intake was shorter in the CM group than in the placebo group (P<0.01). The duration of postoperative hospital stay was significantly shorter in the CM group than in the placebo group (5.49 ± 2.68 days vs. 8.96 ± 2.35 days, P<0.01). The rate of postoperative C-reactive protein elevation (≽100 mg/L) was lower in the CM group than in the placebo group [27.6% (73/265) vs. 43.8% (120/274), P<0.01]. However, there was no difference in purulent drainage rate from incision and superficial opening of incision between the two groups. No intestinal reactions and skin allergies were found in the CM group.@*CONCLUSIONS@#CM plaster containing rhubarb and mirabilite had an effect on SSI. It is safe for mothers and imposes lower economic and mental burdens on patients undergoing CD. (Registration No. ChiCTR2100054626).

Assessment of pulmonary functions among the elderly in Hangzhou City / 预防医学

Objective@#To investigate the pulmonary functions among the elderly in Hangzhou City, so as to provide insights into the management of respiratory diseases among the elderly. @* Methods@#Permanent residents at ages of 60 to 75 years were sampled from Hangzhou City from November to December 2020. The pulmonary function was tested using a portable pulmonary function monitor, including large airway function parameters [forced expiratory volume (FVC), forced expiratory volume in a second (FEV1) and FEV1/FVC], and small airway function parameters [maximum expiratory flow rate at 75% vital capacity (MEF75%), the maximum expiratory flow rate at 25% of vital capacity (MEF25%) and the forced expiratory flow rate (FEF25%-75%) at 25% to 75% of vital capacity]. The pulmonary functions were compared among the elderly with different genders, ages and body mass index (BMI).@*Results @#Totally 314 participants were recruited, including 126 men (40.13%), with a mean age of (68.49±4.47) years and mean BMI of (23.51±2.79) kg/m2. The mean FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC, MEF25%, MEF75% and FEF25%-75% were (1.97±0.53) L, (2.51±0.72) L, (79.79±11.47)%, (0.98±0.53) L/s, (3.84±1.65) L/s and (1.99±0.91) L/s among the participants, respectively. Higher FEV1 [(2.22±0.55) vs. (1.79±0.43) L, P<0.05], FVC [(2.92±0.75) vs. (2.24±0.55) L, P<0.05], MEF75% [(4.19±1.82) vs. (3.59±1.49) L/s, P<0.05] and FEF25%-75% [(2.14±1.07) vs. (1.90±0.77) L/s, P<0.05] were tested among men than among women, and lower FEV1 [(1.75±0.46) L], FVC [(2.27±0.64) L], MEF25% [(0.88±0.57) L/s], MEF75% [(3.39±1.45) L/s] and FEF25%-75% [(1.79±0.96) L/s] were tested among the elderly at ages of 70 to 74 years. The proportion of large and small airway dysfunctions was 40.45% among the participants. @* Conclusions@# The proportion of large and small airway dysfunctions was 40.45% among the elderly in Hangzhou City, and poor pulmonary functions were tested among the women and the advanced elderly.

In vitro inhibition of carnosic acid against influenza A virus infections / 药学学报

Carnosic acid (CA) is the main phenolic diterpenoid active ingredient in plants such as rosemary and sage, and has antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory effects and so on, however, its antiviral activity against influenza virus infections was not reported. In this study, antiviral activities against influenza A virus infections of three main bioactive ingredients from rosemary, including rosmarinic acid, CA and ursolic acid, were evaluated using virus titer titration assay, and CA showed remarkable inhibition on influenza H5N1 replication in A549 cells. The antiviral activity of CA was further confirmed and its mechanism of action was investigated using the indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA), Western blot and real-time fluorescence quantification polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The results showed that the 50% effective concentration (EC50) of CA against influenza H5N1 in A549 cells and MDCK cells were 4.30 and 3.64 μmol·L-1, respectively. Meanwhile, CA also showed inhibition on influenza virus 2009panH1N1 (EC50: 10.1 μmol·L-1) and H3N2 (EC50: 12.8 μmol·L-1) replications in A549 cells. Mechanistic studies showed that antiviral activity of CA is related to its induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in A549 cells and suppression on production of reactive oxygen in H5N1-infected cells.

Knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding tuberculosis prevention and control:analysis of influencing factors of prevention and control behavior among college students in Wuhan, China / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To determine the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) regarding tuberculosis prevention and control among college students in Wuhan, China, while analyzing the factors affecting tuberculosis prevention behavior.@*Methods@#Referring to the National KAP Questionnaire for Tuberculosis Prevention and Control among College Students, which was designed by China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 22 colleges and universities in Wuhan were selected using a judgment sampling method, and a questionnaire survey was carried out through the online questionnaire platform. The formation of tuberculosis prevention and control behavior among this population was analyzed by single factor and multi factor Logistic regression.@*Results@#The total awareness rate of KAP regarding tuberculosis prevention and control among college students in Wuhan was 79.69%; the awareness rate of core knowledge was 79.28%, and the passing rate was 92.46%. The correct attitude holding rate was 89.69%, while the passing rate was 90.56%. In respect to correct behavior, the formation rate was 72.11%, with a passing rate of 96.62%. The multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the following factors were more likely to promote tuberculosis prevention and control behaviors that met the target: female college students ( OR =1.86); college students whose father had a primary school education level, junior high school and equivalent, high school and equivalent, and junior high school students ( OR =2.94, 3.05, 3.17, 3.24 ); no history of tuberculosis ( OR =3.32); the passing knowledge of core knowledge ( OR =9.91), and the passing attitude holding score ( OR =7.35)( P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#The overall awareness rate of KAP regarding tuberculosis prevention and control among college students in Wuhan is acceptable,the mainly influenced factors are gender, history of tuberculosis, awareness rate of core knowledge about prevention and control, attitudes and cognition, and parents educational background.

Needle retaining after electroacupuncture combined with cognitive training for post-stroke cognitive impairment: a multi-center randomized controlled trial / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVES@#To compare the efficacy of needle retaining after electroacupuncture combined with cognitive training and electroacupuncture combined with cognitive training in the treatment of post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI).@*METHODS@#A total of 206 patients with PSCI were randomized into a needle retaining group (103 cases, 9 cases dropped out) and an electroacupuncture group (103 cases, 6 cases dropped out). In addition to the conventional basic medical treatment and the rehabilitation treatment, in the needle retaining group, electroacupuncture at Shenting (GV 24) and Baihui (GV 20) was applied, with continuous wave of 50 Hz in the first 15 min and with disperse-dense wave of 2 Hz/50 Hz in the last 15 min, the needles were continuously retained for 1 h after electroacupuncture, during which cognitive training was adopted; in the electroacupuncture group, cognitive training was performed after the same electric stimulation exerted for 30 min, without additional needles retaining. The treatment was given once a day, 5 times a week for totally 8 weeks in the two groups. Before and after 8-week treatment, the TCM syndrome score was observed; before and after 4,8-week treatment, the scores of mini-mental state examination (MMSE), Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) and ability of daily living were observed in the two groups. The clinical efficacy of the two groups was evaluated after 8-week treatment.@*RESULTS@#After 8-week treatment, the TCM syndrome scores were increased compared with those before treatment in both groups (P<0.05); the TCM syndrome score in the needle retaining group was higher than that in the electroacupuncture group (P<0.05).After 4,8-week treatment, the scores of MMSE, MoCA and ability of daily living were increased compared with those before treatment in both groups (P<0.05); MMSE, MoCA scores after 4,8-week treatment and ability of daily living score after 8-week treatment in the needle retaining group were higher than those in the electroacupuncture group (P<0.05). The total effective rate was 90.4% (85/94) in the needle retaining group, which was superior to 82.5% (80/97) in the electroacupuncture group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Both needle retaining after electroacupuncture combined with cognitive training and electroacupuncture combined with cognitive training can effectively treat PSCI, improve the clinical symptom, cognitive function and ability of daily living in PSCI patients. Needle retaining after electroacupuncture combined with cognitive training has a better therapeutic effect.

Neurovascular coupling responses and cognitive function: The impact of aging and the interventional effect of exercise / 生理学报

Aging is a natural process accompanied with a progressive deterioration of cognitive functions. With an aging population, more and more elderly people are suffering from cognitive impairment. Previous studies have paid more attention to the impact of inflammation and oxidative stress on cognitive function during aging. Recently, it has been discovered that neurovascular coupling (NVC), a mechanism regulating cerebral blood flow, may play a significant role in aging-related cognitive impairment. NVC responses regulate the supply of energy substances and oxygen during brain activity, which in turn enhances cognitive function. However, as people grow older, NVC responses gradually weaken, which may be one of the mechanisms underlying aging-induced cognitive impairment. Given the important role of NVC responses in the brain, it is necessary to search for intervention methods that can improve NVC responses and promote cognitive function. Exercise is an effective means to delay aging and improve cognitive function. It also has a certain promoting effect on NVC responses. This article reviews the regulatory mechanisms of NVC responses, the relationship between NVC responses and cognitive function, and explores the effects of aging and exercise intervention on NVC responses, hoping to provide new research ideas for exercise intervention to improve NVC responses and promote cognitive function in the elderly.

Modeling human pregastrulation development by 3D culture of blastoids generated from primed-to-naïve transitioning intermediates

Human pluripotent stem cells provide an inexhaustible model to study human embryogenesis in vitro. Recent studies have provided diverse models to generate human blastoids by self-organization of different pluripotent stem cells or somatic reprogramming intermediates. However, whether blastoids can be generated from other cell types or whether they can recapitulate postimplantation development in vitro is unknown. Here, we develop a strategy to generate human blastoids from heterogeneous intermediates with epiblast, trophectoderm, and primitive endoderm signatures of the primed-to-naïve conversion process, which resemble natural blastocysts in morphological architecture, composition of cell lineages, transcriptome, and lineage differentiation potential. In addition, these blastoids reflect many features of human peri-implantation and pregastrulation development when further cultured in an in vitro 3D culture system. In summary, our study provides an alternative strategy to generate human blastoids and offers insights into human early embryogenesis by modeling peri- and postimplantation development in vitro.

Application of mind map combined with daily mini-clinical evaluation exercise in standardized residency training of gynecology / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To investigate the application of mind map combined with daily mini-clinical evaluation exercise in standardized training of gynecological residents.Methods:A total of 100 trainees who received standardized training in Department of Gynecology, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, were selected as subjects, and they were divided into control group (traditional teaching) and observation group (mind map combined with daily mini-clinical evaluation exercise) according to the order by which they entered the department for training, with 50 trainees in each group. After teaching, the two groups were compared in terms of assessment results of clinical practice exercise and degree of satisfaction with teaching. SPSS 22.0 statistical software was used for the t-test. Results:After the application of mind map combined with daily mini-clinical evaluation exercise in the standardized training of gynecological residents, compared with the control group, the observation group had significantly higher assessment results of inquiry ability, specialized physical examination, clinical diagnosis, diagnosis and treatment regimen, clinical practice ability, communication ability, clinical thinking ability, decision-making ability for clinical issues, and overall performance ( P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the observation group had significantly higher levels of mastery of clinical inquiry ability, specialized physical examination, development of diagnosis and treatment regimen, doctor-patient communication ability, and clinical practice ability, as well as a significantly higher overall teaching satisfaction score ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Mind map combined with daily mini-clinical evaluation exercise is a simple and feasible teaching method and can help to improve the comprehensive clinical practice ability of trainees receiving standardized residency training, and therefore, it holds promise for application in teaching.

Investigation of 131I radioactivity levels in soil around the nuclear medicine decay pool after the 7·20 extraordinary rainstorm disaster in Zhengzhou, Henan / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective:To explore whether or not radioactive wastewater leakage or overflow exists in the nuclear medicine decay pool after the 7·20 extraordinary rainstorm disaster and to analyze its causes, so as to provide scientific basis for the design, construction and maintenance of the nuclear medicine decay pool and the radiation protection management of nuclear medicine in the future.Methods:Three hospitals A, B and C where 131I therapy are being performed were selected in Zhengzhou city, Henan province. Sampling points were set based on the monitoring result of the environmental radiation level around the nuclear medical decay pool in line with the relevent standard method. Soil samples were collected at different depths. The 131I radioactivity level in the soil was measured using HPGe gamma spectrometer, with the measured result being processed and analyzed. Results:Except for Hospital B where no 131I was detected, different 131I activity concentrations were detected in the soil samples collected around the nuclear medicine decay pool at Hospitals A and C. The 131I activity concentrations ranged from 16.4 to 98 111.8 Bq/kg at Hospital A and from 10.6 to 7 176.6 Bq/kg at Hospital C. After a time period of decay, the repeated detection has shown that the 131I activity concentrations ranged from 1.3 to 17.0 Bq/kg at Hospital A and from 3.9 to 7.1 Bq/kg at Hospital C. The 131I activity concentration in the soil at the depth of 0-5 cm was higher than that at the depth of 5-10 cm soil at the same sampling point. The ratios of activity concentration of 131I between different depths ranged from 1.3 to 13.1, with the median value of 5.9. Conclusions:After the 7·20 extraordinary rainstorm disaster, the surrounding environment of nuclear medicine decay pools at a few hospitals was contamminated by 131I to some extent. To prevent the risk of leakage of radioactive wastewater, the safety evaluation and management of radiation protection should be made better with increased awareness during the design, evaluation, construction and use of nuclear medicine decay pools.

Analysis of eye movement characteristics in newly diagnosed drug-naive Parkinson′s disease / 中华神经科杂志

Objective:To explore eye movement characteristics in newly diagnosed, drug-naive Parkinson′s disease (PD) patients and their correlation with motor and non-motor symptoms.Methods:Seventy-five newly diagnosed, drug-naive PD patients and 46 healthy controls (HCs) were included in this cross-sectional study. Patients were recruited from the Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ninth People′s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from November 2017 to December 2021, while HCs were recruited from the local community during the same period. For PD patients, motor severity was measured with the modified Hoehn and Yahr stage, Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson′s Disease Rating Scale part Ⅲ and the Freezing of Gait questionnaire. Non-motor symptoms were evaluated by serial scales such as Non-Motor Symptoms Questionnaire, 16-item odor identification test from Sniffin Sticks, 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, Chinese version of Mini-Mental State Examination, Montreal Cognitive Assessment Basic and REM Behavior Disorder Screening Questionnaire. All subjects underwent oculomotor test including pro-saccade task and smooth pursuit eye movement (SPEM) task in the horizontal direction via videonystagmography. Visually guided saccade latency, saccadic accuracy and gain in SPEM at three frequencies (0.1, 0.2, 0.4 Hz) of the horizontal axis were compared between the 2 groups. The association between key oculomotor parameters and clinical phenotypes was explored in PD patients. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses of eye movement parameters as independent factors were also performed for detecting PD from HCs, then combining the saccadic latency, saccadic accuracy and the most significant SPEM gain (0.4 Hz) as the model to distinguish PD from HCs.Results:Relative to HCs, newly diagnosed, drug-naive PD patients showed prolonged saccadic latency [(210.4±41.3) ms vs (191.3±18.9) ms, t=-3.445, P=0.001] and decreased saccadic accuracy (88.4%±6.8% vs 92.2%±6.1%, t=3.064, P=0.003). SPEM gain in PD was uniformly reduced at each frequency(0.1 Hz: 0.68±0.15 vs 0.74±0.14, t=2.261, P=0.026; 0.2 Hz: 0.72±0.16 vs 0.79±0.16, t=2.704, P=0.008; 0.4 Hz: 0.67±0.19 vs 0.78±0.19, t=2.937, P=0.004). The ROC analyses of saccade latency, saccadic accuracy and gain in SPEM at 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 Hz as independent factors for detecting PD from HCs showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of each parameter was lower than 0.7: the AUC of saccade latency was 0.641 ( P=0.010), the AUC of saccadic accuracy was 0.681 ( P=0.001), the AUC of gain in SPEM at 0.1 Hz was 0.616 ( P=0.032), at 0.2 Hz was 0.652 ( P=0.005), at 0.4 Hz was 0.660 ( P=0.003). Combining the saccadic latency, saccadic accuracy and the most significant SPEM gain (0.4 Hz) revealed that the model could significantly distinguish PD from HCs with an 80.4% sensitivity and a 73.3% specificity (AUC=0.780, P<0.001). Prolonged saccadic latency was correlated with long disease duration ( β=0.334, 95% CI 0.014-0.654, P=0.041), whereas decreased SPEM gain was associated with severe motor symptoms in newly diagnosed drug-naive PD patients (0.1 Hz: β=-0.004, 95% CI -0.008--0.001, P=0.036; 0.4 Hz: β=-0.006, 95% CI -0.011--0.001, P=0.012). Conclusions:Ocular movements are impaired in newly diagnosed, drug-naive PD patients. These changes could be indicators for disease progression in PD.