Single-Slice Hounsfield Unit (HU) Value of the Chinese Proximal Humerus on Routine Chest CT: A Study on Opportunistically Screening for Low Bone Density / Valor de Unidad Hounsfield (HU) de Corte Único del Húmero Proximal Chino en una Tomografía Computarizada de Tórax de Rutina: Un Estudio sobre la Detección Oportunista de Baja Densidad Ósea

SUMMARY: A Study on Relationship between Single-Slice Hounsfield Unit(HU) value of the Chinese proximal humerus and Bone Mineral Density(BMD) Using Routine Chest CT and Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry(DEXA) was performed. Data were collected from 240 individuals who underwent DEXA and routine chest CT scans (including full images of the proximal humerus) on the same day at 967 Hospitals between January 2019 and December 2021. The method of measuring single-slice HU values of the proximal humerus on routine chest CT scans exhibited high reliability and repeatability (intraclass correlation coefficient > 0.961, P < 0.001). A strong positive correlation was observed between single-slice HU values of the proximal humerus and DEXA results, with the 20-mm HU value demonstrating the highest correlation. Across different BMI groups, the Area Under Curve (AUC) for the 20-mm HU value was consistently the largest (AUC=0.701- 0.813, P< 0.05). Therefore, the 20-mm HU value can be considered a reliable reference for the opportunistic screening of low BMD, with reference values of -4HU for underweight individuals, -13HU for normal weight individuals, -7HU for overweight individuals, and -16HU for obese individuals. Values below these thresholds indicate a risk of low BMD. This study enriches the Chinese BMD data and offers a swift and effective approach for opportunistically screening low BMD.

Se realizó un estudio sobre la relación entre el valor de la Unidad Hounsfield (HU) de corte único del húmero proximal chino y la densidad mineral ósea (DMO) mediante TC de tórax de rutina y absorciometría de rayos X de energía dual (DEXA). Se recopilaron datos de 240 personas que se sometieron a DEXA y tomografías computarizadas de rutina de tórax (incluidas imágenes completas del húmero proximal) el mismo día en 967 hospitales entre enero de 2019 y diciembre de 2021. El método para medir los valores de HU de un solo corte del húmero proximal en las tomografías computarizadas de tórax mostraron alta confiabilidad y repetibilidad (coeficiente de correlación intraclase > 0,961, P < 0,001). Se observó una fuerte correlación positiva entre los valores de HU de un solo corte del húmero proximal y los resultados de DEXA, demostrando el valor de HU de 20 mm la correlación más alta. En diferentes grupos de IMC, el área bajo la curva (AUC) para el valor HU de 20 mm fue consistentemente el más grande (AUC = 0,701-0,813, P <0,05). Por lo tanto, el valor de HU de 20 mm puede considerarse una referencia fiable para el cribado oportunista de DMO baja, con valores de referencia de -4 HU para personas con bajo peso, -13 HU para personas con peso normal, -7 HU para personas con sobrepeso y -16 HU para personas obesas. Los valores por debajo de estos umbrales indican un riesgo de DMO baja. Este estudio es un aporte para los datos chinos sobre la DMO y ofrece un enfoque rápido y eficaz para detectar de forma oportunista la DMO baja.

CBCT analysis of the relative position between maxillary central incisors and alveolar bone in Southern Chinese adults / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#Exploring the position and bone wall thickness characteristics of the maxillary central incisors in Southern Chinese adults to provide a clinical reference for the design of immediate maxillary central incisor implantation surgery.@*Methods@#The hospital ethics committee approved the study, and the patients provided informed consent. CBCT images of 990 adult patients (aged 20-79 years) from the Stomatology Hospital (January 2018 to December 2021) were categorized based on the dental arch form and age-sex groups. Sagittal CBCT images of the maxillary central incisors were used to measure the labial and palatal bone thickness wall at 4 mm the CEJ to apical, the middle of the root, and the angle between the tooth long axis and the long axis of the alveolar process, to compare the thickness of the labial and palatal bone walls in samples of male and female patients, and to explore the relationship between the angle between the tooth long axis and the alveolar process long axis in samples of male and female patients in different age groups (20-39 years; 40-59 years; 60-79 years).@*Results@#Significant differences were found in the labiopalatine side of the alveolar bone of the maxillary incisor root position. A total of 95.8% (948/990) of the maxillary incisors were positioned more buccally, 4.1% (41/990) were positioned more midway, and 0.1% (1/990) were positioned more palatally. The thicknesses of the bone wall at the CEJ of 4 mm below the palatal side, the middle of the root, and at the apex were greater (1.82 ± 0.56 mm, 3.20 ± 1.10 mm, and 7.70 ± 2.00 mm, respectively) than those at the labial side (1.21 ± 0.32 mm, 0.89 ± 0.35 mm, and 1.86 ± 0.82 mm, respectively), with statistical significance (P<0.05). Male bone wall thickness was generally greater than female bone wall thickness (P<0.05). The angle between the long axis of male teeth and the alveolar bone was 14.77° ± 5.66°, while that of female teeth was 12.80° ± 5.70°, with a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). The angle between the long axis of teeth and the alveolar bone in the 40-59-year-old group and the 60-79-year-old group was greater than that in the 20-39-year-old group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#A total of 95.8% of adults in South China have maxillary central incisors with root deviation toward the labial bone cortex. The thickness of the labial bone wall is much thinner than that of the labial bone wall, which is the middle of the thickness of the root. In Southern Chinese adults, the angle between the upper central incisor and the long axis of the alveolar bone in males is greater than that in females, and the degree of the angle increases with age. It is recommended to pay attention to the thickness of the bone wall around the root and the angle between the teeth before immediate implantation surgery to choose a reasonable implantation plan.

Measurement of the relationship between maxillary premolar roots and the maxillary sinus floor using cone beam CT and analysis of the impact on immediate implantation / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To analyze the spatial relationship between the roots of maxillary anterior premolars and the maxillary sinus, thus providing an anatomical basis for timing, planning, surgical approaches, and implant selection at this site.@*Methods@#Cone beam CT (CBCT) images were collected from 264 patients (aged 20-65 years) who visited the Ruihua Dental Clinic between January 2017 and March 2023. The minimum distance from the apex of the maxillary anterior premolar roots to the lower wall of the maxillary sinus was measured on the coronal plane. The classification of the vertical relationship between the tooth root and the lower wall of the maxillary sinus was performed, and comparisons were made bilaterally, between genders, and among different age groups.@*Results@#The minimum distance (Q50) from the apex of the first maxillary premolar root to the lower wall of the maxillary sinus was 7.34 mm for the single-root type, 7.80 mm for the buccal root of the double-root type, and 7.36 mm for the palatal root. For the second maxillary premolar, the median distance was 2.56 mm for the single root type, 1.73 mm for the buccal root type, and 1.23 mm for the palatal root type. There was a significant difference in the shortest distance from the apex of the right second maxillary premolar single root to the lower wall of the maxillary sinus among the different age groups (P<0.05), with the 20-29-year-old group having the smallest median distance (1.52 mm) and the ≥ 40-year-old group having the largest (4.44 mm). There was no significant difference in the effect of sex or laterality on distance (P>0.05). The most common vertical relationship between the apex of the maxillary anterior premolar roots and the lower wall of the maxillary sinus was noncontact. There was no significant difference in the vertical relationship classification between the single-root and double-root types (P>0.05).@*Conclusion@#Most maxillary first premolar roots can provide sufficient bone height, which makes it easy to achieve immediate implantation. The maxillary second premolar root frequently involves insufficient bone, which is necessary to make full use of the bone wall of the extraction socket or the sinus floor cortical bone to achieve initial stability. The vertical relationship between the premolar root and maxillary sinus was influenced by age and dental position. Younger age groups often exhibit inadequate bone height, and the indication for immediate implantation should be carefully considered. The number of roots does not significantly affect the relationship between the sinus and root; however, double-rooted premolars offer more support for immediate implantation and socket healing due to the small root diameter and bony separation between the roots.

Ascending Aortic Progression After Isolated Aortic Valve Replacement Among Patients with Bicuspid and Tricuspid Aortic Valves

ABSTRACT Objectives: The aims of the present study were to compare the long-term outcomes for ascending aortic dilatation and adverse aortic events after isolated aortic valve replacement between patients with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) and tricuspid aortic valve ( TAV). Methods: This retrospective study included 310 patients who had undergone isolated aortic valve replacement with an ascending aorta diameter ≤ 45 mm between January 2010 and September 2021. The patients were divided into BAV group (n=90) and TAV group (n=220). The differences in the dilation rate of the ascending aorta and long-term outcomes were analyzed. Results: Overall survival was 89 ± 4% in the BAV group vs. 75 ± 6% in the TAV group at 10 years postoperatively (P=0.007), yet this difference disappeared after adjusting exclusively for age (P=0.343). The mean annual growth rate of the ascending aorta was similar between the two groups during follow-up (0.5 ± 0.6 mm/year vs. 0.4 ± 0.5 mm/year; P=0.498). Ten-year freedom from adverse aortic events was 98.1% in the BAV group vs. 95.0% in the TAV group (P=0.636). Multivariable analysis revealed preoperative ascending aorta diameter to be a significant predictor of adverse aortic events (hazard ratio: 1.76; 95% confidence interval: 1.33 to 2.38; P<0.001). Conclusion: Our study revealed that the long-term survival and the risks of adverse aortic events between BAV and TAV patients were similar after isolated aortic valve replacement. BAV was not a risk factor of adverse aortic events.

Clinical implications of Golgi protein 73 and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and their related factors in children with bronchopneumonia

Abstract Objective: To investigate the clinical implications of Golgi glycoprotein 73 (GP73) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in children with bronchopneumonia (BP). Methods: Seventy-two children with BP (observation group) and 81 healthy children (control group) consecutively brought to the present study's hospital between June 2019 and October 2020 were enrolled. GP73 and G-CSF levels were determined to analyze their diagnostic value for pediatric BP. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) was also measured. The clinical implications of GP73 and G-CSF in pediatric BP complicated with respiratory failure and their connections with the inflammatory response were discussed. Results: GP73 and G-CSF levels were remarkably higher in the observation group (p< 0.05). The sensitivity and specificity of combined detection (GP73+G-CSF) in predicting pediatric BP were 72.22% and 86.42%, respectively (p < 0.001 ). GP73 and G-CSF, which are closely related to X-ray classification and complications in the observation group, decreased after treatment and were positively correlated with hs-CRP (p < 0.05), especially in children complicated with respiratory failure. Regression analysis identified the independence of the course of the disease, hs-CRP, X-ray classification, GP73, and G-CSF as influencing factors of respiratory failure in children with BP (p < 0.05). Conclusion: GP73 and G-CSF, with elevated levels in children with BP, are strongly linked to disease progression and are independent influencing factors of respiratory failure, which may be the key to diagnosing and treating pediatric BP in the future.

The status of homologous recombination deficiency and BRCA1/2 gene mutation in ovarian cancer patients in the Yunnan region and their clinical significance / 中国肿瘤生物治疗杂志

@#[摘 要] 目的：采用基于中国人群单核苷酸多态性位点开发的同源重组缺陷（HRD）检测工具评估云南地区卵巢癌患者的HRD状态和BRCA1/2基因突变频率并探讨其临床意义。方法：共纳入2021年1月至2023年5月间在云南省肿瘤医院收治的卵巢癌患者248例，HRD状态采用基因组瘢痕评分法（GSS）（主要依据拷贝数的长度、类型、位置及基因组断片）或HRD评分法（杂合性缺失、端粒等位基因失衡及大片段移位等基因组不稳定事件的总和）进行评估，当组织样本的GSS≥50分或HRD评分≥42分者或检测到有害的BRCA1/2基因突变时HRD被定义为阳性。分析患者HRD状态与临床病理特征的关系。结果：248名卵巢癌患者中70.97%的患者HRD呈阳性，其中BRCA1/2基因突变率为30.65%。Ⅲ~Ⅵ期、高级别浆液腺癌的卵巢癌患者具有更高的HRD阳性率（均P<0.01），HRD评分更高的患者其合并其他基因突变的频率也越高（P<0.05）。HRD状态与卵巢癌的病理类型、临床分期和其他基因突变均有关联（均P<0.01）。结论：云南地区卵巢癌患者HRD阳性率较高，HRD阳性的卵巢癌患者可以从聚ADP核糖聚合酶（PARP）抑制剂治疗中获得更大的收益。

Construction of interferon alpha/beta receptor subunit 1 gene knockout Caco-2 cell line based on CRISPR/Cas9 system / 中国生物制品学杂志

@#Objective To knockout interferon alpha/beta receptor subunit 1(IFNAR1) gene in human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells Caco-2 using clustered regularly interspaced short palinmic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9(Cas9)system to construct IFNAR1 knockout Caco-2 cell line.Methods The single guide RNA(sgRNA)sequence was designed to specifically recognize the exon region of IFNAR1 gene using CRISPR/Cas9 technology,and the LentiCRISPRv2-IFNAR1-sgRNA recombinant plasmid was constructed.Caco-2 cells were infected with the plasmid packaged by lentivirus and screened by puromycin resistance.The obtained monoclonal cell lines were cultured by limited dilution method,which were verified for the effect of IFNAR1 gene knockout by target gene sequencing and Western blot,and detected for the mRNA levels of CXC chemokine ligand 10(CXCL10)and interferon-stimulatd gene 20(ISG20)in IFNAR1knockout cells by adding exogenous IFNβ.Results Sequencing results of plasmid LentiCRISPRv2-IFNAR1-sgRNA showed that the insertion sites were all located at the sticky end of BsmBⅠenzyme digestion.Two IFNAR1 knockout monoclonal cell lines were obtained.The sequencing results showed that Caco-2-IFNAR1-KO1 had 5 bp deletion in the sixth exon of IFNAR1,and Caco-2-IFNAR1-KO2 had 18 bp deletion and 1 bp insertion in the seventh exon.Compared with wild-type Caco-2 cells,Caco-2-IFNAR1-KO1 and Caco-2-IFNAR1-KO2 cells showed no expression of IFNAR1 protein.Compared with no IFNβ stimulation,the mRNA levels of CXCL10 gene(t = 0.566 and 1.268 respectively,P>0.05)and ISG20 gene(t =1.522 and 1.733 respectively,P>0.05)in Caco-2-IFNAR1-KO1 and Caco-2-IFNAR1-KO2 cells stimulated by 50 ng/mL IFNβ showed no significant increase.While compared with those of wild-type Caco-2 cells,the mRNA levels of CXCL10gene(t = 6.763 and 6.777 respectively,P<0.05)and ISG20 gene(t = 5.664 and 5.65 respectively,P<0.05)in Caco-2-IFNAR1-KO1 and Caco-2-IFNAR1-KO2 cells decreased significantly under the stimulation of 50 ng/mL exogenous IFNβ.Conclusion Caco-2 cell line with IFNAR1 knockout was successfully constructed by using CRISPR/Cas9 technology,and the downstream molecules activated by IFNAR(interferon alpha/beta receptor)in this cell line were obviously inhibited,which provided a powerful tool for further exploration of the innate immune response and replication packaging mechanism of Caco-2 cells after virus infection.

Empowerment of chinese boxing practitioners under early training / Capacitação de praticantes de boxe chinês sob treinamento precoce / Potenciación de practicantes de boxeo chino con un entrenamiento temprano

ABSTRACT Introduction: Early special training has been widely used to improve athletic performance in young Chinese boxing athletes. For athletes to make better use of training time and accumulate maximum special competitive skills, intensive training is required from their youth. Objective: Study the competitive ability of Chinese boxing athletes under strengthening through early physical training. Methods: Through literature method, experimental methods, and mathematical statistical analysis, the athletes' body composition and their performance in specific and functional physical activities were analyzed. results: Young athletes significantly differed in BMI, height, and limb length (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in height, the distance between fingers, Achilles tendon length (P>0.05). No significant difference was found in flexibility and sensitivity among volunteers (P>0.05). Conclusion: The athletes participating in early training are uniformly matched, the level of tactical ability of the athletes under training has a differential that can directly impact future sports performance, and this practice is recommended to improve the athletes' sports performance. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: O treinamento especial precoce tem sido amplamente utilizado visando melhorar o desempenho atlético em jovens atletas de boxe chinês. No intuito dos atletas aproveitarem melhor o tempo de treino e acumular o máximo de habilidades competitivas especiais, é requerido um treinamento intensivo desde sua juventude. Objetivo: Estudar a capacidade competitiva dos atletas de boxe chinês sob o fortalecimento através do treinamento físico precoce. Métodos: Através do método de literatura, métodos experimentais e análise estatística matemática, analisou-se a composição corporal dos atletas, seu desempenho em atividades físicas específicas e funcionais. Resultados: Houve diferenças significativas no IMC, altura e comprimento de membros entre os jovens atletas (P<0,05). Não houve diferença significativa na altura, distância entre os dedos, comprimento do tendão de Aquiles (P>0,05). Não foi encontrada diferença significativa na flexibilidade e na sensibilidade entre os voluntários (P>0,05). Conclusão: Os atletas participantes do treinamento precoce são uniformemente equiparados, o nível de habilidade tática dos atletas sob capacitação nesse treinamento tem um diferencial que pode impactar diretamente sobre o desempenho esportivo futuro, sendo recomendada essa prática para melhorar o desempenho esportivo dos atletas. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: El entrenamiento especial temprano se ha utilizado ampliamente con el objetivo de mejorar el rendimiento deportivo en los jóvenes atletas de boxeo chinos. Para que los deportistas aprovechen mejor su tiempo de entrenamiento y acumulen el máximo de habilidades competitivas especiales, es necesario un entrenamiento intensivo desde su juventud. Objetivo: Estudiar la capacidad competitiva de los atletas chinos de boxeo bajo fortalecimiento a través del entrenamiento físico temprano. Métodos: Mediante el método bibliográfico, los métodos experimentales y el análisis estadístico matemático, se analizó la composición corporal de los atletas y su rendimiento en actividades físicas específicas y funcionales. Resultados: Hubo diferencias significativas en el IMC, la altura y la longitud de las extremidades entre los jóvenes atletas (P<0,05). No hubo diferencias significativas en la altura, la distancia entre los dedos y la longitud del tendón de Aquiles (P>0,05). No se encontraron diferencias significativas en la flexibilidad y la sensibilidad entre los voluntarios (P>0,05). Conclusión: Los atletas que participan en el entrenamiento temprano están uniformemente emparejados, el nivel de habilidad táctica de los atletas en entrenamiento tiene un diferencial que puede impactar directamente en el futuro rendimiento deportivo, siendo recomendada esta práctica para mejorar el rendimiento deportivo de los atletas. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Relationship between different body composition and bone mineral density in Qinhuangdao city

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the correlation between different body components and bone mineral density in healthy adults. METHODS: A total of 306 non-manual subjects, 161 males and 145 females, were selected from the physical examination center of our hospital from June to September 2019. They were divided into control group, overweight group, and obese group according to body mass index. The muscle mass and fat mass, body fat content, trunk fat mass, upper limb and thigh fat mass, bone density of femoral neck and lumbar vertebra, and bone mineral salt content of the whole body were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS: Body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, femoral neck bone mineral density, bone mineral salt content, fat mass, muscle mass, upper limb fat mass, thigh fat mass, and trunk fat mass in the overweight group and obese group were all higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The fat mass, muscle mass, upper limb fat mass, and trunk fat mass were positively correlated with the femoral neck bone mineral density, total lumbar vertebra bone mineral density, and bone mineral salt content (P<0.05). In addition, thigh fat mass was positively correlated with femoral neck bone mineral density and total lumbar spine bone mineral density, whereas body fat content was negatively correlated with bone mineral salt content. CONCLUSION: Body composition was related to bone mineral density and bone mineral salt content, and the correlation between different body composition indexes, and bone mineral density, and bone mineral salt content was different.

Diagnostic methods and criteria of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome in children / 口腔疾病防治

@#Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS), which is a common childhood disease, is a trending topic in clinical multidisciplinary research due to its detriment to the growth and development of children. Due to the wide variety and specificity of pathogenesis and clinical manifestations, the clinical diagnosis of OSAHS is sophisticated and difficult and remains controversial in the field. This review summarizes the common diagnostic methods in OSAHS for children, including polysomnography,which is known as the current “gold standard”, pulse oximetry, fiberoptic nasopharyngoscopy, nasopharyngeal lateral X-ray, CT, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Furthermore, it emphasizes the new diagnostic critical value from Chinese guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of obstructive sleep apnea in children (2020) for children with OSAHS released by China in 2020: the obstructive apnea hypopnea index (OAHI) is ≥ 1 time/h; it also emphasizes the importance of history and physical examination to contribute to clinical diagnosis and treatment for children with OSAHS.

Analysis of health literacy and associated factors among middle school students in Shenzhen in 2019 / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand health literacy and its associated factors among middle school students in Shenzhen, to provide scientific basis for further formulating targeted intervention measures.@*Methods@#From October to December, 2019, 7 423 middle school students in 10 districts of Shenzhen were selected by multistage stratified random cluster sampling. Multivariate linear regression was used to analyze factors affecting health literacy and scores in each dimensions.@*Results@#The total score for health literacy was(107.39±22.31), including physical activity(16.81±5.28), interpersonal relationship(20.69±4.10), stress management(21.64±5.53), spiritual growth(14.93±3.96), health awareness (15.61±4.96) and nutrition(17.71±4.65). According to the multivariate linear regression analysis, girls, general and vocational high schools, educational level of parents and boarding in school were significantly associated with health literacy of middle school students( B=-3.04, -7.72, -9.99, 1.56, 2.78, -3.85, P < 0.05 ).@*Conclusion@#Middle school students in Shenzhen have a high level of health literacy, which is related to school type and parental educational background. It is suggested that measures should be taken to improve the health literacy of middle school students.

Analysis of Thoracic Aorta Injury in 27 Road Traffic Accident Deaths / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To analyze the characteristics of thoracic aorta injury in road traffic accidents, to provide data reference for forensic identification.@*METHODS@#The data of 27 traffic accident death cases with thoracic aorta injury were analyzed according to relevant parameters including sex, age, mode of transportation, and thoracic aorta injury.@*RESULTS@#Aortic injury in traffic accidents was significantly more in males than females, and 74.1% cases were in the age range of 31-70 years. The most common mode of transportation was the motorcycle, followed by electric bike, most of which crashed with trucks. Most cases were accompanied by rib fractures and lung injuries. Thoracic aorta injury was the most common in ascending aorta, followed by aortic arch and thoracic aorta. Ascending aorta injury was most likely to occur in the range of 0-<1.6 cm from the aortic valve, while it was rare over 2.6 cm. Taking the aortic valve as the reference, the most common locations of injury were the anterior semilunar valve, followed by the right posterior semilunar valve and the left posterior semilunar valve. Thoracic aortic rupture occurred in 63.0% cases, and intima and media lacerations only occurred in 37.0% cases. A few deceased had aortic diseases.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The proximal part of the ascending aorta is prone to be injured because of the large external force of traffic accidents. The medical examiner should carefully examine the aortic injury in traffic accident deaths, and evaluate the relationship between the injury and the disease according to the condition and degree of aortic injury.

Knowledge, attitude and behavior among parents of school aged children towards snack in Shenzhen / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate knowledge, attitude and purchase behavior for snack nutrition among parents of school aged children in Shenzhen, so as to provide support and scientific basis for developing targeted intervention program for child healthy dietary behavior.@*Methods@#Through cluster random sampling method, a total of 4 517 parents of students graded in 2 from 116 primary schools in Shenzhen were invited to participate into a self administered questionnaire survey.@*Results@#Parental cognition towards snack nutrition varied substantially. The majority of parents were worried about the health and safety issues of snack and were aware of the risk of eating disorder of consistent snakc consumption in children. Only 21.18% of parents reported frequent snack purchasing behaviors. Children s snacks, mainly included milk, dairy products, vegetable, fruit, bread and cake, are mostly purchased by parents, and the snack choices were related to nutrition, hygiene and taste. In addition, most parents paid attention to the production date whereas less than one third of them read the nutrition facts labels. Parents with different knowledge level towards snack nutrition differed in eating attitude and behavior.@*Conclusion@#Parents should be further educated about nutrition and food safety knowledge to improve nutritional literacy, as well as attitude towards healthy diet and snack purchasing ehavior to better guide their children to develop good eating habits.

Progress of researches on novel diagnostic markers for alveolar echinococcosis / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Imaging and serological approaches play an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of alveolar echinococcosis; however, they also suffer from some problems during their applications in clinical practices, which urges the identification of potential diagnostic markers. Novel serological, genomics and proteomics diagnostic markers alone or in combination may increase the sensitivity and specificity in early diagnosis of alveolar echinococcosis, which play vital roles in monitoring of disease courses and prognostic evaluation. This review mainly presents the advances in the studies on novel diagnostic markers for alveolar echinococcosis.

The effect of inhibiting p38 MAPK on the expression of genes related to enamel development in mice / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To study the effect of p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) on the expression of genes related to enamel development in the enamel epithelium and to provide a basis for the study of the molecular mechanism of enamel development.@*Methods@#The p38 MAPK-specific inhibitor SB203580 dissolved in DMSO was added to the culture medium of mouse mandibular molar tooth germs in vitro as experiment group, and mouse mandibular molar tooth germs treated with the same amount of DMSO were used as control group. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression level of phosphorylated p38 (p-p38) in the enamel epithelium. Real-time PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), osteoblast-specific transcription factor (Osx), ameloblast markers odontogenic ameloblast associated protein (ODAM), amelotin (AMTN), matrix metalloproteinase 20 (MMP20) and kallikrein 4 (KLK4) in the enamel epithelium. @*Results @# Western blot results showed that under the action of the inhibitor SB203580, the phosphorylation level of p38 MAPK in mouse enamel epithelium decreased, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Real-time PCR results showed that the expression levels of the transcription factors Runx2 and Osx and the ameloblast markers ODAM, AMTN, MMP20, and KLK4 in the SB203580 group were lower than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05).@*Conclusion@#The p38 MAPK signaling pathway can mediate enamel development by regulating the expression of the transcription factors Runx2 and Osx and the ameloblast markers ODAM, AMTN, MMP20 and KLK4 in the mouse enamel epithelium.

Effect of yougui decoction on autophagy and fate of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in rats with glucocorticoid-associated femoral head necrosis / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Yougui Decoction is an empirical prescription for the treatment of glucocorticoid-associated femoral head necrosis. Literature has shown that the pathogenesis of glucocorticoid-associated femoral head necrosis is associated with glucocorticoid-induced autophagy down-regulation and fate change in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Yougui Decoction on autophagy and fate of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in model rats of glucocorticoid-associated femoral head necrosis. METHODS: We used Escherichia coli endotoxin combined with high-dose dexamethasone to make the rat models of early femoral head necrosis. Forty SHR rats were randomly divided into five groups: blank control group, model group, high-dose Yougui Decoction group, medium-dose Yougui Decoction group and low-dose Yougui Decoction group. After 6 weeks of intervention, medullary cavity tissue of the rat proximal femur was taken for hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining of autophagy proteins LC3 II, P53 and beclin-1. After culture and induction of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, alizarin red staining, bone alkaline phosphatase quantification, oil red staining and MTT determination were performed and western blot assay was used to quantitatively measure the expression of LC3 II, P53 and beclin-1 proteins. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Immunohistochemistry and western blot assay results showed that Yougui Decoction significantly increased autophagy protein LC3 II, P53 and beclin 1 expression in a dose-dependent manner. (2) Alizarin red staining, oil red staining and bone alkaline phosphatase quantification suggested that Yougui Decoction could significantly interfere with the fate of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, up-regulate their osteogenic differentiation and down-regulate their adipogenic differentiation in a dose-dependent manner. (3) MTT results suggested that Yougui Decoction significantly improved the proliferation ability of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, but had no significant differences in different doses. (4) To conclude, Yougui Decoction can significantly improve the autophagy expression, change the cell fate, up-regulate osteogenic differentiation and down-regulate adipogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in the rat models of glucocorticoid-associated femoral head necrosis, which provides certain basis for elucidating the mechanism of Yougui Decoction in treating glucocorticoid-associated femoral head necrosis.

Cystic echinococcosis of the waist and hip: a case report / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

A patient with cystic echinococcosis was presented with primary lesions in the waist and hip. The case was misdiagnosed as subcutaneous abscess at initial diagnosis, and then definitively diagnosed as echinococcosis by means of imaging examinations and anti-Echinococcus antibody test. This case was reported with aims to improve the awareness of cystic echinococcosis among clinical physicians to avoid and reduce the misdiagnosis and missing diagnosis.

Evaluation of the efficacy of cevimeline in improving the clinical symptoms of patients with primary Sjögren′s syndrome / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@# To investigate the clinical efficacy of cevimeline as a pharmacotherapeutic approach to stimulating gland activity in improving the symptoms and signs of primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS).@*Methods@#Sixty-three patients diagnosed with pSS who attended the Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from January 2018 to September 2019 were included in this trial. They were randomly assigned to the therapeutic group and control group. All patients were recalled at baseline and after 2 weeks, 3 months and 6 months. Measurement of salivary and lacrimal flow as well as evaluation of subjective symptoms was performed at the follow-up. @*Results@# Fifty-eight patients completed the trial and were included in the statistical analysis. There was a significant difference between the two groups in the measurement of salivary and lacrimal flow at the second week and third month (P < 0.05). Improvement in subjective symptoms of oral, ocular and gland was detected at the third month (P < 0.05). At the sixth month, compared with the control group, only the salivary gland symptom score of the treatment group was statistically significant (P < 0.05). @*Conclusion@#Cevimeline has good specificity and safety and can increase salivary and lacrimal flow and improve subjective symptoms of pSS in a short time.

miR-139-5p protects septic mice with acute lung injury by inhibiting Toll-like receptor 4/Myeloid differentiation factor 88/Nuclear factor-&mac_kgr; B signaling pathway

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the role of miR-139-5p and the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway in acute lung injury in septic mice. METHOD: A total of 140 healthy male SPF C57BL/6 mice were divided into seven groups, i.e., Normal, Control, NC, miR-139-5p mimic, miR-139-5p inhibitor, TAK-242, and miR-139-5p inhibitor+TAK-242 groups. The levels of miR-139-5p, proteins related to the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway (TLR4, MyD88, and p-NF-κB p50), and MPO, SOD, GSH, and MDA in lung tissue were measured. The lung tissue wet-to-dry mass ratio (W/D), arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2), and carbon dioxide partial pressure (PaCO2) were measured. RESULTS: A web-based bioinformatic tool predicted that MyD88 was a target of miR-139-5p, which was verified by a dual luciferase reporter assay. Compared with those in the Normal group, the levels of miR-139-5p, PaO2, SOD, and GSH were significantly lower, while those of TLR4, MyD88, p-NF-κB p50, W/D, PaCO2, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, MPO, and MDA were higher in all other groups. Moreover, compared with their levels in the Control group, these indicators exhibited contrasting results in the miR-139-5p mimic and TAK-242 groups, but were similar in the miR-139-5p inhibitor group. In the miR-139-5p inhibitor+TAK-242 group, acute lung injury, aggravated by miR-139-5p inhibitor, was partially rescued by TAK-242. CONCLUSION: miR-139-5p inhibits the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway to alleviate acute lung injury in septic mice.

Clinical observation of cement-retained and screw-retained implant-supported denture in edentulous patients / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@# To evaluate the clinical effects of full-arch cement-retained implant-supported combined crowns and screw-retained implant-supported bridge dentures in complete or half edentulous patients. @*Methods @#A total of 25 patients with complete or partial edentulous dentures followed up for 1, 3, and 5 years in our hospital from June 2013 to June 2018 and were treated with Straumann bone horizontal implantation, cobalt-chromium stenting and cobalt-chromium porcelain restoration with cement-retained and screw-retained implant-supported fixed dental prostheses to evaluate the accumulative implant survival rate, accumulative prosthesis survival rate, mechanical complications, and biological complications in both groups. @*Results @#There were 25 complete or half edentulous patients who received 165 Straumann implants and 28 implant-supported fixed dental prostheses in this study. There were 11 cases with 69 implants in the cement group and 17 cases with 96 implants in the screw group. The accumulative implant survival rate was 100% in the cement group and 96.9% in the screw group. The accumulative prosthesis survival rate was 100% in both groups. The cumulative peri-implant mucositis rate was 23.2% in the cement group and 29.2% in the screw group, and the peri-implantitis rate was 6.8% in the cement group and 7.3% in the screw group. There was 1 case of porcelain collapse (n=1/11) and no screw of abutment loosening in the cement group and 4 cases of porcelain collapse (n=4/17) and 1 case of screw loosening in the screw group. No fracture of abutment was observed in either group. There was no difference in bone loss between the two groups in the first year (P > 0.05), and a higher rate of bone loss was found in the screw group in the third and fifth years (P < 0.05). There was no difference in the sulcus bleeding index(mSBI) between the two groups in the first year and the third year (P > 0.05) and a higher modified mSBI value in the cement group in the fifth year (P < 0.05).@*Conclusion @#The survival rates of the implant and prosthesis for cement-retained or screw-retained implant-supported fixed dental prostheses were both high, but there were more mechanical and biological complications in the traditional cobalt-chromium alloy screw-retainer group. The removal of residual adhesives must be reasonably considered when choosing the cement retention method.