Celos y violencia en parejas de estudiantes de la Universidad de Cuenca, Ecuador

En esta investigación se dimensiona la violencia en parejas de estudiantes universitarios y se explora su relación con los celos y otros correlatos. Con un diseño de corte transversal se encuestaron 186 estudiantes de Universidad de Cuenca. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el Conflict in Adolescents Dating Relationships Inventory, la Multidimensional Jealousy Scale e items ad hoc sobre fidelidad, consumo de sustancias y estrés durante la relación de pareja. Los puntajes de violencia fueron bajos en general, pero preocupantes en el 5.4% de los encuestados. El 60.2% informó haber cometido por lo menos un acto violento físico durante la relación de pareja index. Los subtipos de violencia medidos tuvieron distribución similar entre varones y mujeres. La correlación entre violencia total cometida y sufrida fue .77 (p< .001). Se verificó asociación significativa entre la pertenencia al grupo de mayor violencia y los celos comportamentales y el estrés padecido durante la pareja.

Nesta pesquisa, dimensiona-se a violência em casais de estudantes universitários e explora-se sua relação com o ciúme e outros correlatos. Com um desenho transversal, foram estudados 186 alunos da Universidade de Cuenca. Os instrumentos utilizados foram oConflict in Adolescents Dating Relationships Inventory, aMultidimensional Jealousy Scalee itens ad hoc sobre fidelidade, uso de substâncias e estresse no relacionamento. Os escores de violência foram baixos em geral, mas preocupantes em 5,4% dos participantes. 60,2% relataram ter cometido pelo menos um ato de violência física durante o relacionamento. Os subtipos de violência medidos tiveram distribuição semelhante entre homens e mulheres. A correlação entre o total de violência cometida e sofrida foi de .77 (p <.001). Houve associação significativa entre pertencimento ao grupo de maior violência, ciúme comportamental e estresse sofrido durante o relacionamento.

This research work evaluates violence in couples of university students and focuses on their relationship with jealousy and other variables. Using a cross-sectional design, 186 students from the University of Cuenca, Ecuador, were surveyed. Instruments used were Conflict in Adolescents Dating Relationships Inventory, Multidimensional Jealousy Scale, and other ad hoc methods related to fidelity, substance use, and stress during dating relationship. Violence scores observed were low in general though disturbing in 5.4% of students surveyed. Noticeably, 60.2% of them reported to have committed at least one physical violent act during their index dating relationship. Violence subtypes measured showed similar distribution between men and women. Correlation between total violence committed and suffered was .77 (p< .001). A significant association was observed between the highest violence group and behavioral jealousy and stress during dating relationship.

Structural equation modeling of psychopathic traits in Chilean female offenders using the Self-Report Psychopathy-Short Form (SRP-SF) Scale: a comparison of gender-based item modifications versus standard items

Objective: To examine the utility of the Self-Report Psychopathy-Short Form (SRP-SF) to assess psychopathic traits in female offenders and to test gender-based item modifications. Method: A South American sample of female offenders (n=210) was assessed with the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R); 110 subjects also completed the standard SRP-SF, while 109 completed a version with items rewritten to be more relevant for females. The underlying latent structure of the PCL-R and both versions of the SRP-SF were examined. Results: Most of the modified items showed higher average item responses. The PCL-R showed a stronger association with the modified SRP-SF than with the standard SRP-SF. The four-factor model showed very good fit in accounting for the PCL-R data, consistent with previous research. For both SRP-SF versions, the results indicated good model fit. Structural equation models were tested separately, in which a superordinate SRP-SF factor was set to predict a broad factor reflecting chronic misconduct. Both versions showed good model fit, and the SRP-SF superordinate factor significantly predicted a chronic misconduct factor. Conclusions: Both versions of the SRP-SF adequately reflected psychopathic features in this female sample; the modified items added robustness to representation of these features.

Servicios universitarios en la interfaz del derecho y la salud mental: el caso de la Universidad de Cuenca, Ecuador / University services in the interface of the law and mental health: the case of the University of Cuenca, Ecuador / Serviços universitários na interface do direito e a saúde mental: o caso da Universidade da Cuenca, Equador

Introducción: Los sistemas de salud mental forense incluyen servicios universitarios relevantes para la prevención de la violencia y la protección de los derechos humanos. Objetivos: Describir el servicio del Instituto de Criminología, Criminalística e Intervención Psicosocial Familiar de la Universidad de Cuenca, Ecuador. Material y métodos: Estudio con diseño mixto, sección cuantitativa descriptiva de serie consecutiva de casos ingresados al instituto entre el 01/01/2015 y el 30/06/2015, y sección cualitativa con exploración de sus expedientes. Resultados: 52 casos ingresaron al instituto durante el período. Se estudiaron 72 personas, con promedio de edad de 22,6 años y distribución por sexo equitativa. El 88,5 % tuvieron requerimiento de intervención. Los temas principales detectados cualitativamente fueron"violencia intrafamiliar","protección infantil","protección juvenil","protección al discapacitado","asistencia a víctimas de abuso sexual","consulta comunitaria directa","fortalezas y debilidades del servicio pericial" y"consumo de alcohol". Conclusiones: Evaluados y asistidos presentan problemas complejos relacionados con la violencia y sus secuelas. El instituto brinda servicios a instituciones judiciales, municipales y directamente a la comunidad, y es una excelente fuente de experiencia académica.

Introduction: Forensic mental health systems include relevant university services for the prevention of violence and the protection of human services. Objectives: Describe the service offered by the"Instituto de Criminologia, Criminalística e Intervencion Psicosocial Familiar" of the Universidad de Cuenca, Ecuador. Material and methods: A study with a mixed design, a descriptive quantitative section with a consecutive series of cases admitted to the Institute between 01/01/2015 and 30/06/2015, and a qualitative one including its dossier exploration. Results: 52 persons were admitted to the institute during that period. 72 individuals with an average age of 22.6 years and an equitable distribution by genders were analyzed in that period. 88.5 % had an intervention requirement. The main subjects detected on a qualitative basis were"domestic violence","child protection","youth protection","protection of the disabled", assistance to victims of sexual abuse","direct community consultation","strengths and weakness of expertise services", and"alcohol consumption". Conclusions: Both evaluated and assisted individuals exhibit complex problems relating to violence and its negative effects. The Institute offers services to judicial and municipal institutions, and directly to the community itself. It is an excellent source of academic experience.

Introdução: Os sistemas da saúde mental forense incluem serviços universitários relevantes para a prevenção da violência e a proteção dos direitos humanos. Objetivos: Descrever o serviço do Instituto de Criminologia, Criminalística e Intervenção Psicosocial Familiar da Universidade de Cuenca, Equador. Material e métodos: Estudo com projeto misturado, seção quantitativa descritiva da série consecutiva dos casos ingressados ao instituto entre o 01/01/2015 e o 30/06/2015, e à seção qualitativa com exploração dos seus processos. Resultados. 52 casos ingressaram no instituto durante o período. 72 pessoas foram examinadas, com médio de idade de 22,6 anos e distribuição pelo sexo equitativa. O 88,5% tiveram exigência de intervenção. Os assuntos principais detectados qualitativamente foram"violência intrafamiliar","proteção infantil","proteção jovem","proteção á pessoa com deficiência","assistência às vítimas do abuso sexual","consulta comunitária direta","forças e fraquezas do serviço pericial" e"o consumo álcool". Conclusões. As pessoas avaliadas e assistidas apresentam-problemas complexos relacionados à violência e a suas sequelas. O instituto oferece serviços às instituições judiciais, municipais e diretamente à comunidade, e é uma fonte excelente da experiência académica.

The construct of psychopathy in a Chilean prison population

Objective:To test the four-factor model of the Hare Psychopathy Checklist - Revised (PCL-R) empirical construct of psychopathy in a Chilean prison population by using instruments that supply different types of data.Methods:Two hundred and nine male inmates of the Prison of Los Andes, Chile, were evaluated. Confirmatory factor analysis was carried out with the PCL-R and the Self-Report of Psychopathy - III - Short Form (SRP-III-SF).Results:The distributions of total PCL-R and SRP-III-SF scores were normal (Kolmorogov-Smirnov [K-S] = 1.04, p = 0.230; K-S = 0.812, p = 0.525, respectively), with means of 20.9±6.8 for the former and 61.6±15.2 for the latter. Model fit was good for the PCL-R (Tucker Lewis index [TLI] = 0.96; root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] = 0.04) and for the SRP-SF (TLI = 0.94, RMSEA = 0.04).Conclusions:The results obtained with the PCL-R and the SRP-SF showed adequate fit to the empirical four-factor model of psychopathy and support this model. As foreseeable, fit was better for the PCL-R, which combines several sources of information.

Confiabilidad de la versión chilena de la Hare PCL-R y validez convergente con otros instrumentos de evaluación de psicopatía / [Reliability of the chilean version of the Hare PCL-R and convergent validity with other assessment tools for psychopathy].

INTRODUCTION: Evaluation of mental health in forensic field is relevant in order to plan interventions and diminish institutional risks. The procedure includes the evaluation of psychopathic traits, which should be assessed by reliable and valid instruments. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the internal congruence of the Chilean version of the PCL-R, and the convergent validity with the PCL: SV, the SRP-III-SF and the IM-P. To explore the utility of the PCL: SV as screening tool. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The population of sentenced inmates of the Jail of Los Andes, Chile, was evaluated in a cross sectional study (N=209 inmates of a universe of 235 eligible subjects). Data was obtained from different sources and the interviews were video-recorded. The PCL-R, PCL: SV, IM-P and SRP-III-SF were used. RESULTS: Cronbach Alpha for the PCL-R total score was 0.97. The correlation of the total PCL-R score with the PCL: SV was 0.87; 0.37 with the SRP-III-SF and 0.75 with the IM-P. Sensibility of the PCL: SV was 1 and specificity 0.90 thus concluding that it is an excellent screening test.

Características psicopáticas en la adolescencia: sistematización teórica / Psychopathic Features in Adolescence: Theoric Systematization

Hoy existe un interés creciente en estudiar el constructo de psicopatía y su aplicabilidad en población adolescente. La Psychopathy Checklist - Youth Version (PCL-YV) de Forth, Kosson y Hare (2003) deriva de la PCL-R considerando las características propias de la juventud (Zúñiga, 2008). El presente artículo tiene como objetivo dar a conocer tres estudios que constituyen un aporte a la evaluación de características psicopáticas en la juventud. Uno de ellos caracteriza psicométricamentre la PCL-YV aplicada en población chilena (Zúñiga, Vinet & León, 2011). Otros dos estudios permiten identificar importantes factores de riesgo presentes en la juventud que diferencian a adultos psicopáticos y no psicopáticos (León, Asún & Folino, 2010; León & Folino, 2011). Dichas investigaciones permiten sumar conocimientos especializados en el área infantojuvenil.

Nowadays there is a growing interest in the construct of psychopathy and its application to research on youth. The Psychopathy Checklist - Youth Version (PCL-YV) (Forth, Kosson & Hare, 2003) is a derivative from the PCL-R that includes consideration on the particular characteristics of youngsters (Zúñiga, 2008). This article is a review of three studies that contributed to this area. One is a psychometric characterization of the PCL: YV in Chilean population (Zúñiga, Vinet & León, 2011). The others, allow the identification of important risk factors present during youth that have different impact in psychopathic and non-psychopathic adults (León, Asún & Folino, 2010; León & Folino, 2011). The studies are a contribution to knowledge in this field.