Therapeutic effects of Sophora moorcroftiana alkaloids in combination with albendazole in mice experimentally infected with protoscolices of Echinococcus granulosus

The objective of the present study was to determine if the combination of alkaloids from Sophora moorcroftiana seeds and albendazole might be effective in the treatment of experimental echinococcosisin female NIH mice (6 weeks old and weighing 18-20 g, N = 8 in each group) infected withprotoscolices of Echinococcus granulosus. Viable protoscolices (N = 6 x 103) were cultured in vitro in 1640 medium and mortality was calculated daily. To determine the in vivo efficacy, mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with viable protoscolices and then treated once daily by gavage for three months with the alkaloids (50 mg kg-1 day-1) and albendazole (50 mg kg-1 day-1), separately and in combination (both alkaloids at 25 mg kg-1 day-1 and albendazole at 25 mg kg-1 day-1). Next, the hydatid cysts collected from the peritoneal cavity of the animals were weighed and serum IL-4, IL-2, and IgE levels were analyzed. Administration of alkaloids to cultured protoscolices showed significant dose- and time-dependent killing effects. The weight of hydatid cysts was significantly decreased upon treatment with each drug (P < 0.01), but the decrease was more prominent and the rate of hydatid cyst growth inhibition was much higher (76.1 percent) in the group receiving the combined treatments (18.3 ± 4.6 mg). IL-4 and total IgE were decreased (939 ± 447 pg/mL and 2.03 ± 0.42 IU/mL, respectively) in serum from mice treated with alkaloids and albendazole compared with the untreated control (1481 ± 619 pg/mL and 3.31 ± 0.37 IU/mL; P < 0.01). These results indicate that S. moorcroftiana alkaloids have protoscolicidal effects and the combination of alkaloids and albendazole has significant additive effects.

Relapses in leprosy patients treated with rifampicin plus dapsone after varying periods of dapsone monotherapy.

Leprosy patients treated formerly with dapsone monotherapy followed by combined therapy with rifampicin plus dapsone were surveyed for relapse and rifampicin resistance. The relapse rate was significantly low for the 482 multibacillary (MB) patients receiving > 12 months combined therapy compared with the 49 MB cases receiving < 12 months of combined therapy. The relapse rate was related to the duration of dapsone monotherapy prior to combined therapy. The difference in relapse rate in 247 paucibacillary (PB) patients following > 12 months combined therapy was also of significance, compared with the 66 PB cases who had received < 12 months combined therapy. Five strains of M. leprae isolated from relapsed patients were sensitive to rifampicin by mouse foot-pad test and all relapsed patients responded favourably to fixed duration MDT regimen for MB cases.