The influence of zi-hua burn cream on the survival of random skin flaps in rats / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effect of zi-hua burn cream on the survival of skin flaps in rats, and its mechanisms.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>72 Wistar rats, were randomly divided into four groups as zi-hua group(n = 18, external application of alfalfa burn cream), control group (n = 18, external application of heparin sodium cream), model group (n = 18, external application of vaseline) , negative control (n = 18, no operation). 8 cm x 2 cm random skin flaps with pedicle on the side of head were designed on the back of Wistar rats. The drug was applied on the flap surface, 2 times a day. The survival of skin flaps was observed. The change of serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), turner necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-alpha)and interleukin-6(IL-6)were compared at 1,2,3,7 d after operation, and histologic examination was performed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The survival rate of zi-hua group (73.58 - 10. 74)% was significantly higher than that of model group (33.40 - 16.05) %, showing a statistical difference (Q = 10.63, P <0.01). There was no significant difference between the zi-hua group and control group (71.65 +/- 11. 92) %. The level of serum SOD, NO in zi-hua group and control group was higher than that in model group, while the level of serum MDA, TNF-alpha and IL-6 was lower than that in model group(P <0.01). On 7 day after operation, skin flaps tissue edema,necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration in zi-hua group and control group was less obvious than that in model group. There was significant proliferation of granuloma and fibroblast and formation of neonatal capillary in zi-hua group and control group. The vascular density in zi-hua group was obviously higher than that in the model group and control group(P <0. 01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Zi-hua burn cream could significantly improve the blood supply of skin flaps, increase the survival rate of skin flaps in rats. Its mechanism may be associated with the anti-free-radical-damage action, improve local microcirculation, improve the NO content, reduce the TNF-alpha and IL-6 level, reduce inflammation factor release, improve oxidative stress state, and reduce inflammation reaction.</p>

Prenatal diagnosis of a fetus in a family with mandibulofacial dysostosis / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To measure the feasibility of application of comparative genomic hybridization technique in the prenatal diagnosis of fetus with mandibulofacial dysostosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A pregnant woman having a fetus with mandibulofacial dysostosis diagnosed by prenatal ultrasound test was selected. The amniotic fluid and blood of the pregnant and blood of her husband were collected and conventional cytogenetic analysis was performed. The whole genome was scanned by array comparative genomic hybridization assay (array-CGH). Reverse transcription fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis was used to verify the result of array-CGH.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>No abnormality was found in conventional cytogenetic analysis while a duplicated region in 1p36.33 was detected by array-CGH assay. The region spans 722 kb and contains two genes, VWA1 and PYGO2, which play roles in the development of cartilage. The result of array-CGH was confirmed by the RT-qPCR assay. The diagnosis of mandibulofacial dysostosis was confirmed after birth.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Author diagnosed a fetus with mandibulofacial dysostosis by array-CGH assay and found two candidate genes related to the development of craniofacial bone: VWA1 and PYGO2.</p>

Analysis of Down syndrome screening by maternal serum detection in mid-pregnancy / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the clinical value of screening chromosomal diseases and abnormal pregnancy by maternal serum examination in mid-pregnancy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Maternal serum AFP and F-beta hCG were detected in the mid-pregnancy (16-20 weeks) using commercially available detection kits, and the risk of Down syndrome was calculated taking into account of such factors as the maternal age, gestational age, and body weight. Those at high risk underwent amino fluid or cordocentesis for fetal karyotpying. The pregnant women were divided into >or=35 years and <35 years groups, and high and low risk for Down syndrome groups for test results and pregnancy outcome analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of the 6000 pregnant women undergoing antenatal screening, 552 were identified to be at high risk of Down syndrome (9.2%) with one missing case of detection, and 463 of the high-risk cases underwent amino fluid or cordocentesis examination. Twenty-seven cases were found to have abnormal chromosomes, and abortion was suggested in 14 cases but not in the other 13 cases where other chromosomal abnormalities such as polymorphic mutations were found. The screening positive rate in >or=35 years and <35 years group was 95.5% and 8.2% (P<0.0001), with fetal chromosomal abnormality rate of 4.5% and 2.9%, respectively (P>0.5). The rate of abnormal pregnant outcomes for high and low risk groups was 5.6% and 0.05% (P<0.0001), with pregnancy complication rate of 11.8% and 3.7% (P<0.0001) and fetal chromosomal polymorphic mutation rate of 2.8% and 1.1% (P>0.5), respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Maternal serum AFP and F-beta hCG levels in second trimester have important values in predicting fetal chromosomal diseases, and their detection may help reduce the birth defect rate and prevent abnormal pregnancy outcomes and complications.</p>

A clinical analysis of fetal chromosomal aberration induced by paint and hair dye / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the effect of long-term exposure to paint or hair dye on chromosomal aberration of early embryos.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We analyzed 2 cases of fetal or infantile chromosome aberration in which the parents experienced long-term exposure to paint and hair dye.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The chromosomal mutations were detected in one 3-month-old infant and one 21-week-old fetus, and the karyotypes were 46,XX,del(2)(pter'q31) and 46,XX, t(4;12;15), respectively. Their parents worked with long-term exposure to paint and hair dye and developed such symptoms as dizziness, headache, and insomnia. The chromosomes of the parents remained normal, but the micronuclei of the lymphocytes and plasma lead level were increased with decreased WBC, platelet, and HGB.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Long exposure to paint or hair dye can cause poison and affect the normal growth of early embryos, leading eventually to gene and chromosomal mutation of the embryos.</p>

Changes of peripheral blood chromosomal centromere aberration in patients with cytomegalovirus infection after anti-viral treatment / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the changes of peripheral blood chromosomal centromere aberration in patents with cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection after anti-viral treatment.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty-two patients with early spontaneous abortion and CMV infection analyzed for their peripheral blood chromosomal centromere using simultaneous silver staining before and after anti-viral treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The patients with CMV infection had high rate of centromere aberration, which was decreased significantly after anti-viral treatment (P<0.0001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CMV infection is a risk factor for peripheral blood chromosomal centrimere aberration. Anti-viral treatment can decrease the rate of centrimere aberration aberration. Detection of peripheral blood chromosomal centrimere aberration allows the assessment of the severity of infection and the condition after treatment.</p>

The drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria of nosocomial infections in surgical intensive care unit / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria of nosocomial infections in the surgical intensive care unit.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria of nosocomial infections in the SICU in our hospital from January 2001 to December 2004 were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The average nosocomial infections rate was 11.3%. The major sites of nosocomial infections were respiratory tract (30.9%), abdominal cavity (29.0%), bloodstream (9.7%) and biliary ducts (7.2%). The most common pathogens were pseudomonas aeruginosa (11.6%), methicillin-resistant coagulase negative staphylococci (11.1%) and candida albicans (9.7%). ESBLs-producing strains accounted for 66.2% and 58.5% of escherichia coli and klebsiella spp. respectively. Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus accounted for 94.7% and methicillin-resistant coagulase negative staphylococci accounted for 88.2% in staphylococcus aureus and coagulase negative staphylococci. Carbapenems were the most powerful antibiotics against enterobacteriaceae. The non-fermenters were high resistant to antimicrobial agents. Vancomycin was the most potent antimicrobial against gram positive cocci. Amphotericin B was the most active antibiotic against fungi.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Most strains of pathogens were antibiotic resistant in SICU. The main pathogenic bacteria of each infection site were different. So it is essential to establish nosocomial infections surveillance system in order to prevent, control and treat nosocomial infections effectively.</p>

Genetic analysis of translocation of chromosome t(4;9) in a child with rare chromosome abnormality / 南方医科大学学报

A 10-month-old boy suspected of genetic abnormality was admitted for fever and coughing. Routine G-banding chromosome analysis of the peripheral blood lymphocytes and hereditary pattern analysis on the basis of the karyotypes and disease history revealed that the karyotype of the boy's mother was 46, XX,t(4;9)(q31;p24), and that of the boy was XY,der(9)t(4;9)(q31;p24)mat. The mother was identified as a carrier of balanced translocation of the chromosome who gave the abnormal chromosome 9 to her son, and she had only a chance of 1:18 to have a normal offspring. This case reiterates the importance of antemarital examination and prenatal diagnosis for preventing chromosomal diseases.