Effect and mechanism of miR-34a-5p targeting Notchl onH/R-induced apoptosis of human cardiomyocytes / 安徽医科大学学报

Objective@#To investigate the improvement of endoplasmic reticulum stress mediated by microRNANotchl)signaling axis on hypoxia/reoxygenation(H/R)human(miR)-34a-5p/transmembrane fusion protein 1 (es were randomly divided into Control group, H/R group, mimiccardiomyocytes. @*Methods@#Human cardiomyocytNC group, mimic group, inhibitor NC group andinhibitor group. Except the Control group, H/R injury model wasof miR-34a-5p and Notchl were detected by quantitative real.established in other groups. The expression levesurvival rate was detected by thiazolyl blue ( MTT), cell apopto-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR), celtargeting relationship between miR-34a-5p and Notchl was detec-sis rate was detected by flow cytometry, and theexpressions of transcriptional activator 6(ATF6), inositol demandted by dual luciferase gene reporting method. Thesmic reticulum kinase (PERK) and glucose regulatory protein 78 (GRP78)were detected by Western blot. @*Results@#miR-34a-5p targeted Notchl(P<0.05);compared with Con-apoptosis rate and protein expressions of ATF6, IREl, PERK andtrol group, the expression level of miR-34a-5pGRP78 in H/R group increased, while the cellsurvival rate and Notchl mRNA and protein expressions decreased(P<0.05). Compared with H/R group and minic NC group, miR-34a-5p expression, apoptosis rate , and proteinexpressions of ATF6, IRE1, PERK and GRP78in mimic group increased, while cell survival rate and Notchl mRNA and protein expressions decreased (P <0. 05).Compared with H/R group and inhibitor NC group, the exprespressions of ATF6 , IREl , PERK and GRP78 decreased in inhibi-sion of miR-34a-5p, apoptosis rate and protein etor group,while cell survival rate and Notch1 mINA and protein expressions increased ( P <0.05). @*Conclusion@#miR-34a-5p can inhibit the apoptosis of H/R human cardiomyocytes, possibly through the targeted inhibition ofNotchl-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Short-term effectiveness of arthroscopic repair via modified subacromial viewing portal in treatment of Lafosse Ⅰ subscapularis tendon tears / 中国修复重建外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate short-term effectiveness of arthroscopic repair via modified subacromial viewing portal (hereinafter referred to as modified viewing portal) in treatment of LafosseⅠsubscapularis tendon tears.@*METHODS@#A clinical data of 52 patients with LafosseⅠsubscapularis tendon tears, who underwent the arthroscopic repair via modified viewing portal between October 2020 and November 2022 and met the selective criteria, was retrospectively analyzed. There were 15 males and 37 females with an average age of 63.4 years (range, 41-76 years). Twelve patients had trauma history and the other 40 patients had no obvious inducement. The main clinical symptom was shoulder pain and the hug resistance tests were positive in all patients. The interval between symptom onset and admission ranged from 3 to 26 months (mean, 7.2 months). The shoulder pain and function were evaluated by visual analogue scale (VAS) score, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, and University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) score before operation and at 12 months after operation. The shoulder range of motion (ROM) of forward flexion, abduction, and external rotation and the internal rotation strength were measured before operation and at 3 and 12 months after operation. MRI was performed at 3-6 months after operation to assess the tendon healing and the structural integrity and tension of reattached tendon. Patient's satisfactions were calculated at last follow-up.@*RESULTS@#All incisions healed by first intention, no complication such as incision infection or nerve injury occurred. All patients were followed up 12-37 months (mean, 18.5 months). The VAS, UCLA, and ASES scores at 12 months after operation significantly improved when compared with those before operation ( P<0.05). The ROMs of abduction and forward flexion and the internal rotation strength at 3 and 12 months significantly improved when compared with those before operation ( P<0.05); and the ROMs at 12 months significantly improved compared to that at 3 months ( P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference ( P>0.05) in the ROM of external rotation at 3 months compared to that before operation; but the ROM at 12 months significantly improved compared to that before operation and at 3 months after operation ( P<0.05). Thirty-one patients underwent MRI at 3-6 months, of which 28 patients possessed intact structural integrity, good tendon tension and tendon healing; 3 patients underwent tendon re-tear. At last follow-up, 41 patients (78.8%) were very satisfied with the effectiveness, 7 were satisfied (13.5%), and 4 were dissatisfied (7.7%).@*CONCLUSION@#Arthroscopic repair via modified viewing portal for Lafosse Ⅰsubscapularis tendon tears, which can achieve the satisfactory visualization and working space, can obtain good short-term effectiveness with low overall re-tear risk.

Spatial epidemiological characteristics of the mortality and probability of premature death caused by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among residents in Pudong New Area of Shanghai in 2010-2020 / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To explore the spatial epidemiological characteristics of mortality and probability of premature death caused by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) among residents in Pudong New Area of Shanghai from 2010 to 2020, and to provide reference for the formulation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease prevention and control strategies according to local conditions. Methods The death data of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were obtained from the local death surveillance system of Pudong New Area. Crude mortality, age-standardized mortality, and probability of premature death caused by COPD in each subdistricts and towns of Pudong New Area were calculated. The geographical information system (GIS) was used to plot the spatial distribution maps of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease death. The trend surface analysis and the spatial autocorrelation analysis were performed to analyze the spatial distribution of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease death. Results The crude mortality, age-standardized mortality and probability of premature death caused by COPD among residents in Pudong New Area between 2010 and 2020 were 58.40/100,000, 22.35/100,000, and 0.26%, respectively. The results of trend surface analysis showed that the crude mortality, age-standardized mortality and probability of premature death caused by COPD gradually increased from north to south. In the east-west direction, the crude mortality, age-standardized mortality, and probability of premature death showed an upward trend from west to east. The global autocorrelation analysis suggested that there existed a positive spatial autocorrelation for the crude mortality, age-standardized mortality, and probability of premature death. The local spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that the high-high clustering areas of COPD crude mortality, standardized mortality and premature mortality were all located in the rural areas of the southeast of Pudong New Area. Conclusion There are urban and rural differences in the mortality of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among residents in Pudong New Area from 2010 to 2020. The residents living in rural southeast coast of Pudong New Area are more seriously affected by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and should be paid more attention.

Systolic longitudinal strain for assessing left ventricular systolic function changes during perioperative period of coronary artery bypass graft / 中国医学影像技术

Objective To explore left ventricular longitudinal systolic function changes during perioperative period of coronary artery bypass graft(CABG).Methods Totally 41 patients with confirmed coronary artery disease(CAD)who underwent CABG were prospectively enrolled.The preoperative left ventricular global longitudinal strain(GLS),as well as GLS on the day of CABG,on the 3rd and 7th day postoperation were measured.According to preoperative left ventricular GLS,the patients were divided into 3 groups,i.e.normal group(group A,GLS≤-18.1％,n=6),mildly decreased group(group B,-18.1％＜GLS≤-14.0％,n=22)and severely decreased group(group C,GLS＞-14.0％,n=13).Repeated measures analysis of variance,generalized estimating equation and multiple comparisons were used to analyze left ventricular systolic function in different perioperative time points.Results No significant difference of GLS was found among different time points during perioperative period of CABG in group A and C(all adjusted P＞0.05).In group B,GLS on postoperative days were lower than that before CABG(all adjusted P＜0.001),and the lowest value was observed on the day of CABG postoperatively,while no significant difference of GLS was found between the 3rd and 7th day postoperation(adjusted P=1.00).Compared with those before CABG,the longitudinal strain(LS)of basal segment on the day of CABG postoperatively and 3rd day postoperation,of middle segment and apical segment at all postoperative time points were lower(all adjusted P＜0.05),while of the apical segment on the day of CABG postoperatively decreased most obviously.No significant difference of LS of each ventricular segment was found between the 3rd nor the 7th day postoperation(all adjusted P＞0.05).Conclusion GLS decreased significantly on the day of CABG postoperatively but partially recovered within the following week in CAD patients with mildly decreased preoperative GLS.CABG had the most pronounced effect on LS of apical segment in left ventricle.

Forensic Validation and Application Evaluation of IDentifier DNA Typing Kit (Yan-Huang34) / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To investigate the technical performance of IDentifier DNA typing kit (YanHuang34) and evaluate its forensic application value.@*METHODS@#Following the Criterion of Forensic Science Human Fluorescence STR Multiplex Amplification Reagent (GB/T 37226-2018), IDentifier DNA typing kit (YanHuang34) was verified in 11 aspects of species specificity, veracity, sensibility, adaptability, inhibitor tolerance, consistency, balance, reaction condition verification, mixed samples, stability and inter batch consistency. The system efficiency of IDentifier DNA typing kit (YanHuang34) was compared with the PowerPlex® Fusion 6C System, VersaPlex® 27PY System and VeriFilerTM Plus PCR Amplification Kit. The IDentifier DNA typing kit (YanHuang34) was used to detect the swabs of biological samples in daily cases and the STR performances were observed.@*RESULTS@#IDentifier DNA typing kit (YanHuang34) had good species specificity, veracity, adaptability, inhibitor tolerance and balance. The sensibility was up to 0.062 5 ng. It was able to detect different types of samples, degraded samples and inhibitor mixed samples. Complete DNA typing could be obtained for samples with the mixture ratio less than 4∶1. The system efficiency of IDentifier DNA typing kit (YanHuang34) was very high, with TDP up to 1-1.08×10-37, CPEtrio and CPEduo up to 1-5.47×10-14 and 1-6.43×10-9, respectively. For the touched biological samples in actual cases, the effective detection rate was 21.05%. The system efficiency of kinship, single parent and full sibling identifications was effectively improved.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The IDentifier DNA typing kit (YanHuang34) is adaptive to the GB/T 37226-2018 requirements. It can be used for individual identification and paternity identification, and is suitable for application in the field of forensic science.

The mechanisms and the diagnosis progress of non-obstructive mesenteric ischemia after cardiac surgery / 实用医学杂志

Non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia(NOMI)is a series of disorders of digestive tract caused by local blood perfusion damage,which is caused by vasospasm.As an extremely dangerous disease,NOMI is also a common intestinal complication in intensive care unit,especially in patients with hemodynamic instability after cardiac surgery,and the mortality is high.Cardiac surgery aims to improve the prognosis of patients,while the complication of NOMI is easy to be ignored,which hindered the recovery of postoperative patients.Due to the rapid development and lack of specific symptoms and signs,NOMI is easily misdiagnosed as other gastrointestinal complications.Therefore,timely and effective diagnosis of NOMI is the most important factor affecting the prognosis of post cardiac surgery.This review systematically summarized the related research on NOMI after cardiac surgery,and comprehensively concluded the cause,mechanism,treatment as well as prognosis of NOMI.Then we emphasized on the latest progresses of diagnostic methods for NOMI,in order to provide directions on the accurate identification and timely intervention of NOMI in clinical work.

Bronchial Blocker and Double?Lumen Endotracheal Tube Combination to Facilitate Lung Isolation during Esophagectomy

Lung isolation is an essential anesthetic technique utilized in thoracic surgeries. We present a patient undergoing esophagectomy that developed an iatrogenic injury to the left mainstem bronchus that damaged the bronchial cuff of a left?sided double?lumen endotracheal tube (DLETT). A bronchial blocker (BB) was placed in the tracheal lumen of the DLETT as a rescue method to facilitate continued lung isolation. This unusual combination of a DLETT and a BB proved useful once the bronchial cuff was compromised and may serve as a viable solution to maintain lung isolation in similar circumstances

Association of long frozen elephant trunk and incidence of spinal cord injury in patients with acute type A aortic dissection: A single center retrospective cohort study / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective    To evaluate whether long frozen elephant trunk (FET) increases the risk of spinal cord injury in patients with acute type A aortic dissection. Methods    From 2018 to 2019, 172 patients with acute type A aortic dissection were treated in Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital. They were divided into two groups according to the length of FET: patients treated with stents of 100 mm in length were enrolled into a short FET group, and those with stents of 150 mm in length into a long FET group. There were 124 patients in the short FET group, including 108 (87.1%) males and 16 (12.9%) females with a mean age of 51.8±7.9 years. There were 48 patients in the long FET group, including 44 (91.7%) males and 4 (8.3%) females with a mean age of 50.6±9.7 years. The clinical data and prognosis of the patients were analyzed. Results    The mean distal stent graft was at the level of T 8.5±0.7 in the long FET group, and at the level of T 6.8±0.6 in the short FET group (P=0.001). Sixteen patients died after operation in the two groups, including 13 (10.5%) in the short FET group and 3 (6.2%) in the long FET group (P=0.561). There were 7 patients of spinal cord injury in the two groups, including 6 (4.8%) in the short FET group and 1 (2.2%) in the long FET group (P=0.675). There was no statistical difference in other complications between the two groups. The follow-up time was 16.7 (1-30) months. During the follow-up, 2 patients died in the long FET group and 5 died in the short FET group. No new spinal cord injury or distal reintervention occurred during the follow-up. Conclusion    Long FET does not increase the incidence of spinal cord injury in patients with acute type A aortic dissection.

Predictive values of serum 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine on disease progression and prognosis of patients with sepsis / 中华烧伤杂志

Objective: To investigate the values of serum 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in predicting disease progression and prognosis of patients with sepsis. Methods: The prospective observational research methods were used. A total of 124 patients with sepsis who met the inclusion criteria were admitted to the Department of Emergency of the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from April 2015 to July 2016, including 79 males and 45 females, aged (62±15) years. The sepsis-related organ failure assessment (SOFA) scores of all patients on admission and on the second day of admission and their difference (ΔSOFA) were calculated. The patients were divided into non-progression group with ΔSOFA score <2 (n=101) and progression group with ΔSOFA score ≥2 (n=23), and according to the survival during hospitalization, the patients were divided into survival group (n=85) and death group (n=39). Data of patients between non-progression group and progression group, survival group and death group were compared, including the gender, age, days in emergency intensive care unit (ICU), smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, serum white blood cell count, serum C-reactive protein, and serum procalcitonin on admission, and serum 8-OHdG within 24 h of admission. The multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to screen the independent risk factors of disease progression and death during hospitalization in 124 patients with sepsis, the receiver's operating characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn according to the independent risk factors, and the area under the curve (AUC), the best threshold, and the sensitivity and specificity under the best threshold were calculated. The patients were divided into high 8-OHdG group (n=35) and low 8-OHdG group (n=89) according to the best threshold in ROC curve of death during hospitalization. The data including the gender, age, SOFA score on admission, SOFA score on the second day of admission, and ΔSOFA score of patients in the two groups were compared. The survival rates of patients within 90 d of admission in the two groups were compared by the Kaplan-Meier method. Data were statistically analyzed with independent sample t test, Mann-Whitney U test, chi-square test, and Log-rank test. Results: The gender, age, days in emergency ICU, smoking, complicated with hypertension, complicated with diabetes mellitus, serum white blood cell count, serum C-reactive protein, and serum procalcitonin on admission of patients in non-progression group and progression group were similar (P>0.05). The serum 8-OHdG within 24 h of admission of patients in progression group was significantly higher than that in non-progression group (Z=-2.31, P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the serum 8-OHdG within 24 h of admission was the independent risk factor for disease progression of 124 patients with sepsis (odds ratio=1.06, with 95% confidence interval of 1.01-1.11, P<0.05). The AUC under the ROC curve of serum 8-OHdG within 24 h of admission to predict disease progression of 124 patients with sepsis was 0.65 (with 95% confidence interval of 0.52-0.79, P<0.05), the optimal threshold was 32.88 ng/mL, and the sensitivity and specificity under the optimal threshold was 52.2% and 79.2%, respectively. The gender, age, days in emergency ICU, smoking, complicated with hypertension, complicated with diabetes mellitus, and serum white blood cell count, serum C-reactive protein, and serum procalcitonin on admission of patients in survival group and death group were similar (P>0.05). The serum 8-OHdG within 24 h of admission of patients in death group was significantly higher than that in survival group (Z=-2.37, P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the serum 8-OHdG within 24 h of admission was the independent risk factor for death of 124 patients with sepsis (odd ratio=1.04, with 95% confidence interval of 1.00-1.09, P<0.05). The AUC under the ROC curve of serum 8-OHdG within 24 h of admission to predict death of patients during hospitalization was 0.63 (with 95% confidence interval of 0.52-0.75, P<0.05), the optimal threshold was 32.43 ng/mL, the sensitivity and specificity under the optimal threshold was 51.3% and 84.7%, respectively. The gender and age of patients in high 8-OHdG group and low 8-OHdG group were similar (P>0.05). The SOFA score on admission, SOFA score on the second day of admission, and ΔSOFA score of patients in high 8-OHdG group were significantly higher than those in low 8-OHdG group (with Z values of -2.49, -3.01, and -2.64, respectively, P<0.05 or P<0.01). The survival rate within 90 d of admission of patients in low 8-OHdG group was significantly higher than that in high 8-OHdG group (χ2=14.57, P<0.01). Conclusions: Serum 8-OHdG level is an independent risk factor for disease progression and death in sepsis patients with limited ability for predicting disease progression and prognosis of sepsis of patients. The patients with higher serum 8-OHdG level have higher death risk within 90 d of admission.

Research on the Necessity and Feasibility of Current Medical Device Supervision Legislation / 中国医疗器械杂志

This paper studies the necessity of the current legislation on the supervision of medical devices in China from the perspectives of strengthening administration according to law, protecting public health, perfecting the legal system of medicine and promoting the development of the medical device industry. This study analyzes and summarizes the legislative experiences and forms in the field of medical device regulation in the United States, the European Union, Japan and other countries and regions, at present, the conditions of carrying out the legislation of medical device supervision in China are quite mature, and some policy suggestions are put forward for the enactment of the law of medical device management in China.

DNA barcoding of Gentiana crassicaulis in Lijiang and evaluation of root processing methods / 药学学报

The key factors for producing the best quality Chinese herbal medicines are high-quality germplasm, suitable cultivation area and the proper processing methods for herbal raw materials. Gentiana crassicaulis in Gentiana (Sect. Cruciata), Gentianaceae is one of the original plants of the Chinese herb Qinjiao (Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix), and its type specimen was collected in Lijiang, Yunnan. There is a long planting history of the herb in this area. In this study a sampling plot was designated in these traditional planting areas. G. crassicaulis was planted and herbal raw materials were harvested from the plot. The raw materials were prepared locally and at a pharmaceutical factory in Shanghai using processing methods such as "sweating" or "no sweating", "slicing" or "no slicing" (whole root), and "stoving" or "no stoving" (air drying). The quality of all processed samples was evaluated. In addition, molecular markers were determined for identifying cultivated and wild samples from Lijiang, Yunnan. The results are as follows: ① Samples from the sampling plot and the field are taxonomically identified as Gentiana crassicaulis. ② A total of 270 sequences of trnC-GCA-petN, atpB-rbcL, psbN, ndhB-rps7 and ycf1 were obtained, and three genotypes were determined from the cultivated samples; the type III was shared by both cultivated and wild plants. Based on the molecular markers, a DNA barcoding method to identify cultivated and wild samples of G. crassicaulis from Lijiang, Yunnan was established. ③ Total content of loganic acid and gentiopicroside in all samples was ≥ 2.5%, and above the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020) limit. ④ In HPLC fingerprinting, 9 common peaks were assigned and similarity between all samples was > 0.999; and ⑤ In a PCA score plot all slice samples were clustered, while whole root samples were scattered. Therefore, our studies could provide basic data for optimizing the processing method, producing best quality Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix, and evaluating the quality of different ecotype varieties and the multiple origin of herbal medicines.

Detection of Synthetic Cannabinoid CUMYL-PEGACLONE in E-Cigarette Oil and Hair / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To establish a combined high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method to detect the synthetic cannabinoid CUMYL-PEGACLONE in e-cigarette oil and hair.@*METHODS@#HPLC-MS/MS and GC-MS were used to establish the detection method of CUMYL-PEGACLONE, and the hair of drug-involved persons and the seized e-cigarette oil were detected.@*RESULTS@#The main mass spectrometry characteristic ions m/z of CUMYL-PEGACLONE measured by GC-MS were 91, 179, 197, 254 and 372. CUMYL-PEGACLONE had a good linear relationship in the mass concentration range of 2-50 ng/mL, and the linear correlation coefficient (r) was greater than 0.99. The limit of detection (LOD) of CUMYL-PEGACLONE in hair was 0.01 ng/mg, and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) was 0.02 ng/mg. The LOD of CUMYL-PEGACLONE in e-cigarette oil was 1 ng/mg, and the LOQ was 2 ng/mg. The average recoveries of CUMYL-PEGACLONE under the attempt at high, intermediate and low levels in blank human hair and e-cigarette oil matrix were 98.2%-132.4% and 93.5%-110.6%, and the intraday and intraday precision were 1.2%-12.9% and 0.7%-2.9%. CUMYL-PEGACLONE was detected in the hair of 15 drug-involved persons. Except for 1 person who was lower than LOQ, the concentration of CUMYL-PEGACLONE in the hair of other 14 persons was 0.035-0.563 ng/mg. The mass fraction of CUMYL-PEGACLONE in 2 e-cigarette oil were 0.17% and 0.21%, respectively.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The established HPLC-MS/MS and GC-MS methods are applied to the detection of HPLC-MS/MS in drug-related cases, which provides strong evidence support for the handling authority to quickly investigate these cases, and also provides a reference for the identification of such substances in future.

SNP double peak methods through chloroplast genome profiling for identifying Gentiana crassicaulis and two closely related species / 药学学报

italic>Gentiana crassicaulis Duthie ex Burk. is one of the plant sources of Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix (QinJiao). Gentiana tibetica King ex Hook. f. and Gentiana robusta King ex Hook. f. are relative species of G. crassicaulis. Due to the large intraspecific morphological variation, G. crassicaulis showed high morphological similarity with G. tibetica and G. robusta. And the distribution area of the three species overlaps to some extent, which makes it difficult to identify them. On the basis of morphological identification, the method of molecular identification of the three species was constructed in this study based on chloroplast genomes. The chloroplast genome of Gentiana tibetica is 148 765bp long, with LSC, SSC and IR 81 163 bp, 17 070 bp and 25 266 bp, respectively. The structure of the three is consistent. The chloroplast genome sequences of G. tibetica and G. crassicaulis are highly similar, and the number of variable sites is 9 (149 267 bp in total). Diagnostic SNP that could effectively identify the three species was screened and verified, and a dual-peak SNP detection method was established for the effective identification of each species and mixed samples. Our study provides basic data for the molecular identification of G. crassicaulis and its related species, and the arrangement of related Tibetan medicine.

Silencing of Myh3 Gene by siRNA Inhibits Glycolysis in C2C12 Cells / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

The Myh3 (myosin heavy chain 3) gene is a marker gene of muscle cell differentiation and regulates the utilization of energy in muscle cells, but whether it affects the glycolysis process of muscle cells in different states is rarely reported. In this paper, the expression patterns of Myh3 and glycolysis-related genes Pkm (M-type pyruvate kinse), Prkag3 (protein kinase adenosine monophosphate-activated γ3-subunit), and Gsk3β (glycogen synthase kinase-3β) were studied by the qRT-PCR (quantitative-Real-Time-PCR) method using C2C12 cells at different stages of myoblast and adipogenic differentiation as models. It was found that in the process of myoblast differentiation of C2C12 cells, the relative expression trends of Myh3 and glycolysis genes Prkag3 and Pkm were basically the same, and the relative expression levels first increased, reached the peak on the second day of differentiation, and then decreased; glycogen synthase the expression trend of the inhibitory gene Gsk3β was relatively stable. In the process of adipogenic differentiation of C2C12 cells, the relative expression trend of Myh3 and glycolysis genes Prkag3 and Pkm remained basically the same, and the relative expression gradually increased, reaching the highest value on the 8th day of differentiation; glycogen synthase inhibitory gene Gsk3β expression remained stable. In the myogenic differentiation state of C2C12 cells, qRT-PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the effects of interfering Myh3 on the mRNA and protein expressions of glycolysis-related genes Pkm, Prkag3, and Gsk3β. The results showed that after interfering with Myh3, the mRNA expressions of glycolysis genes Pkm and Prkag3 were significantly decreased (P 0.05). The protein levels of Myh3 and Pkm were significantly lower than those in the blank group and NC group. Under the adipogenic differentiation state of C2C12 cells, after interfering with Myh3, the mRNA levels of glycogen synthase inhibitor Gsk3β and glycolysis gene Prkag3 were significantly increased (P<0.01), and the mRNA level of glycolysis gene Pkm was decreased; the protein levels of Myh3 and Pkm in the Myh3 interference group were also lower than those in the blank group and NC group. Based on the above studies, there are significant differences in the levels of glycolysis in C2C12 cells in the myogenic and adipogenic states, and the expression patterns of Myh3 and glycolysis genes are similar. Further results showed that Myh3 suppression could inhibit the glycolysis of C2C12 cells in the myogenic state without affecting the glycogen synthesis. Unlike in the myogenic state, interfering expression of Myh3 in the adipogenic state of C2C12 cells inhibited both glycogen synthesis and glycolysis.

Molecular markers based upon whole chloroplast genomes and identifying alpine Gentiana waltonii and G. lhassica (Gentianaceae) / 药学学报

As two original plants of Tibetan herb Jieji, Gentiana waltonii Burk. and Gentiana lhassica Burk. belong to Section Cruciata of Gentiana, Gentianaceae. Here, we report on whole chloroplast genome sequences in the alpine species, respectively, and the features of plastomes were investigated. The plastome of G. waltonii is 148 705 bp long (148 652 bp in G. lhassica) and encodes 112 genes, including 78 protein-coding genes, 30 transfer RNA genes, and 4 ribosomal RNA genes. Two pseudogenes, namely ψrps16 and ψinfA, were found in plastomes. In addition, two novel loci were detected, and a species-specific polymerase chain reaction assay was developed for differentiating G. waltonii and G. lhassica from 10 alpine species in Section Cruciata. Gentiana. Our study provides basic data for identifying Tibetan herbs, alpine species conservation and molecular phylogenetic studies of Gentiana and Gentianaceae.

Transcriptome analysis and exploration of genes involved in the biosynthesis of iridoids in Gentiana crassicaulis (Gentianaceae) / 药学学报

italic>Gentiana crassicaulis Duthie ex Burk. in Gentiana (Sect. Cruciata), Gentianaceae, is one of the original plants of both Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix and Tibetan herb Jie-Ji Na-Bao, which contain such bioactive iridoids as gentiopicroside, loganic acid and others. In this study, based on previous work, the transcriptome of G. crassicaulis was sequenced and analyzed to construct transcriptome databases of roots, stems, leaves and flowers. qRT-PCR verification was conducted for parts of unigenes that may be key enzymes in the pathway of iridoid biosynthesis. The results are as follows: ① a total of 159 534 unigenes were obtained, with an average length of 679 bp. According to the functional classification of GO, unigenes can be divided into 3 categories with 67 branches. The unigenes were aligned in the KOG database and were classified into 25 categories according to function. ② In the KEGG database, 215 unigenes were implicated in 20 standard secondary metabolism pathways. The analysis shows that 305 unigenes encoded 28 key enzymes in the pathway of iridoid biosynthesis, and their expression in different organs is different; and ③ qRT-PCR was approximately consistent with RNA-Seq results. The 7 annotated unigenes identified in this study, HMGS, DXS, MCS, GPPS, G10H, 7-DLNGT and STR, all had higher relative expression levels in the above-ground parts (stem, leaf and flower) than in the underground part (root). Iridoids are common active and index components of such traditional Chinese medicines as Qinjiao, Longdan, Dangyao, and Qingyedan, among others. Therefore, this work provides basic scientific data for further development including obtaining active components or intermediates through biotechnology, exploring the accumulation of effective components, evaluating the quality of different ecotype varieties, and identifying authentic biosynthesis pathways of medicinal materials.

Transcriptome analysis and validation of key genes involved in biosynthesis of iridoids in Gentiana lhassica / 中国中药杂志

As the main chemical constituents, iridoids are widely distributed within Gentiana, Gentianaceae, with promising bioactivities. Based on the previous work, the transcriptome of G. lhassica, an original plant of Tibetan herb "Jieji Nabao", was sequenced and analyzed in this study, and the transcriptome databases of roots, stems, leaves, and flowers were constructed so as to explore unigenes that may encode the key enzymes in the biosynthetic pathway of iridoids. Then, qRT-PCR was used to validate the relative expression levels of 11 genes named AACT, DXS, MCS, HDS, IDI, GPPS, GES, G10H, 7-DLNGT, 7-DLGT, and SLS in roots, stems, leaves, and flowers. Also, the total contents of gentiopicroside and loganic acid were determined by HPLC, respectively. The results are as follows:(1)a total of 76 486 unigenes with an average length of 852 bp were obtained;(2)335 unigenes were involved in 19 stan-dard secondary metabolism pathways in KEGG database, with phenylpropanoid biosynthesis having the maximum number(75 unigenes), and no isoflavone biosynthetic pathway was annotated;(3)171 unigenes participatedin 27 key enzymes encoding in the biosynthetic pathway of iridoids, and 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase(DXR) gene was highly expressed;(4)qRT-PCR results were approximately consistent with RNA-Seq data and the relative expression levels of the 11 genes were higher in the aboveground parts(stem, leaf, and flower) than in the underground part(root);(5)the total contents of gentiopicroside and loganic acid were higher in the aboveground parts(stem, leaf, and flower) than in the underground part(root), and the difference was significant. This study provides basic scientific data for accurate species identification, evaluation of germplasm resources, research on secondary pro-duct accumulation of medicinal plants within Gentianaceae, and protection of endangered alpine species.

Risk factors for delirium after cardiovascular surgery: a retrospective study of 7 001 cases / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective:To investigate the incidence of delirium and related risk factors in patients after cardiovascular surgery.Methods:From May 2012 to May 2019, 7 001 patients underwent cardiovascular surgery in the Nanjing First Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. The general clinical data, operation name, operation time, cardiopulmonary bypass time, aortic occlusion time, analgesic and sedative drugs use during postoperative ICU treatment, confusion assessment method for the intensive care unit (CAM-ICU) score, length of ICU stay, total hospital stay, adverse prognosis and postoperative delirium were recorded. The influence of postoperative delirium on hospital stay and adverse prognosis was analyzed. The risk factors of postoperative delirium were explored.Results:Among the 7 001 patients, 573 (8.18%) had postoperative delirium (delirium group), while 6 428 patients had no delirium (non-delirium group). The incidence of postoperative delirium in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD) after Sun′s operation was significantly higher than that in patients with other cardiovascular surgery: 45.03% (204/453) vs. 5.64% (369/6 548), and there was statistical difference ( P<0.05). The age, length of ICU stay, total hospital stay, incidence of adverse prognosis, operation time, cardiopulmonary bypass time and aortic occlusion time in delirium group were significantly higher than those in non-delirium group: (59.72 ± 12.48) years vs. (58.81 ± 12.16) years, 5.49 (2.87, 9.49) d vs. 1.12 (0.90, 1.95) d, 21.92 (17.90, 28.22) d vs. 17.85 (14.93, 21.76) d, 7.33% (42/573) vs. 2.13% (137/6 428), (5.43 ± 2.51) h vs. (4.06 ± 1.33) h, (140.01 ± 55.13) min vs. (108.07 ± 42.98) min and (85.23 ± 37.30) min vs. (72.50 ± 34.15) min, and there were statistical differences ( P<0.01). Multivariant Logistic regression analysis result showed that intraoperative deep hypothermic circulatory arrest and selective cerebral perfusion was independent risk factor of postoperative delirium in patients with cardiovascular surgery ( OR = 10.922, 95% CI 7.444 to 16.120, P < 0.01). After excluding AAD patients, the incidences of postoperative delirium were 2.63% (11/418), 4.16% (34/817), 4.37% (71/1 625), 5.13% (122/2 379), 9.34% (114/1 221) and 19.32% (17/88) for patients<40 years, 40 to 49 years, 50 to 59 years, 60 to 69 years, 70 to 79 years and ≥ 80 years respectively. The incidence of postoperative delirium increased with age ( Z= 2.63, P= 0.009). The incidences of postoperative delirium were 1.47% (45/3 056), 3.22% (63/1 954), 5.69% (34/597), 12.14% (38/312), 18.18% (22/121), 22.62% (38/168), 25.93% (21/81) and 41.70% (108/259) for patients who stayed 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and>7 d in ICU. The longer stay in ICU, the higher the incidence of postoperative delirium ( Z= 3.34, P = 0.001). Sequential organ failure score (SOFA) was used to evaluate the organ functions of patients. The scores of respiratory system, circulatory system, liver function and renal function in delirium group were significantly worse than those in non-delirium group, and there were statistical differences ( P<0.01); there was no significant difference in coagulation function between 2 groups ( P > 0.05). According to the use of analgesic and sedative drugs during the postoperative ICU stay, the patients were divided into dexmedetomidine alone group (3 355 cases) and dexmedetomidine combined with dezocine group (1 396 cases). The incidence of postoperative delirium in dexmedetomidine combined with dezocine group was significantly higher than that in dexmedetomidine alone group: 19.20% (268/1 396) vs. 5.66% (190/3 355), and there was statistical difference ( P<0.01). Conclusions:Age, operation time, extracorporeal circulation time, aortic occlusion time, intraoperative hypothermic circulatory arrest with selective cerebral perfusion, severity of disease and length of ICU stay are independent risk factors for postoperative delirium in patients after cardiovascular surgery. The choice of analgesic and sedative drugs during the perioperative period may affect the occurrence of postoperative delirium.

Relationships between serum thyroid hormone levels with HBV-DNA and liver function indexes in patients with chronic hepatitis B in plateau Tibetan inhabited areas / 中国医师杂志

Objective:To detect serum thyroid hormone level, HBV-DNA expression level and liver function index in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in plateau Tibetan inhabited areas, and to analyze their correlations.Methods:From June 2016 to June 2018, 420 patients with HBsAg + CHB infection in our hospital were selected as the observation group, which was divided into Tibetan observation group ( n=300)and Han observation group ( n=120). According to the level of HBV-DNA, the observation group was divided into three groups: A, B and C group. The healthy people in the same period were selected as the control group, 220 cases in Tibetan control group and 120 cases in Han control group. The expression level of HBV-DNA was detected by fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Serum levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3), tetraiodothyronine (T4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), and free tetraiodothyronine (FT4) were measured by chemiluminescence. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and total bile acid (TBA) levels were measured by automatic biochemical analyzer and kit; the prothrombin time (PT) was measured by hemagglutination analyzer. Results:The levels of serum ALT, AST, HBV-DNA, TBA, PT, laminin (LN), procollagen-Ⅲ (PC-Ⅲ), collagen-Ⅳ (C-Ⅳ) and hyaluronidase (HAC) in Tibetan and Han observation group were significantly higher than those in Tibetan and Han control group ( P<0.05). The level of serum HAC in Tibetan patients with CHB was significantly higher than that in Han CHB patients ( P<0.05); the level of serum ALT, AST, PT, TBA, C-Ⅳ, PC-Ⅲ, HAC, LN increased with the level of serum HBV-DNA in patients with CHB ( P<0.05); the level of serum TSH, T3, T4, FT3, FT4 and T3/T4 ratio in Tibetan and Han patients with CHB had no significant difference ( P>0.05). With the increase of serum HBV-DNA level in Tibetan patients, serum T3 level and T3/T4 ratio in group B and C were significantly lower than those in the control group ( P<0.05), T4 level was significantly higher than that in the control group ( P<0.05), and the levels of FT3, FT4 and TSH were not significantly different from those in the control group ( P>0.05). The results of Pearson test showed that serum T3 level and T3/T4 ratio were negatively correlated with ALT, AST, PT, TBA, LN, HBV-DNA, C-Ⅳ and HAC levels in Tibetan CHB patients ( P<0.05); serum T4 level was positively correlated with ALT, AST, PT, TBA, LN, HBV-DNA, C-Ⅳ and HAC levels in Tibetan CHB patients ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Thyroid hormones TSH, T3, and T4 levels in CHB patients in plateau Tibetan inhabited areas are decreased significantly with the increase of HBV-DNA levels, and they are negatively correlated with ALT, AST, PT and TBA levels, suggesting that HBV infection may cause liver injury to some extent, and then affect the level of thyroid hormone.

Postoperative renal replacement therapy in patients with acute Stanford type A aortic dissection: risk factors and predictive modeling / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Objective:To analyze the risk factors for postoperative renal replacement therapy(RRT) in patients with acute Stanford type A aortic dissection. Develop and validate a prediction model based on the risk factors with the purpose of early intervention.Methods:A retrospective analysis of 215 patients who underwent surgery for acute Stanford type A aortic dissection in our hospital from April 2016 to April 2019 were performed. Clinical variables including age, gender, basal blood pressure, preoperative serum creatinine, intraoperative blood pressure, operation time, cardiopulmonary bypass time, aortic occlusion time, intraoperative blood transfusion(including autologous blood), intraocular fluid infusion, colloidal fluid infusion, intraoperative urine volume, bleeding volume, total fluid balance, and postoperative blood lactate value were collected and their association with renal replacement therapy were analysed. Clinical variables were screened using lasso regression. Applying the post-filtering variables to construct a predictive model, calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve( AUC) of the predictive model and the sensitivity and specificity under the optimal threshold for model evaluation. Results:In the 215 patients with acute Stanford type A aortic dissection, 38 patients required renal replacement therapy, accounting for 17.67%. Preoperative serum creatinine, operation time, cardiopulmonary bypass time, aortic occlusion time, intraoperative blood pressure less than 80mmHg time, intraoperative blood pressure less than 55% of basal blood pressure time, intraoperative blood transfusion, intraoperative crystal fluid dosage, intraoperative urine volume and lactate value after ICU admission were important risk factors for postoperative renal replacement therapy(RRT) in patients with acute Stanford type A aortic dissection. The AUC for the predictive model established using these variables was 0.955(95% CI: 0.897-1.000). The specificity under the optimal threshold was 96.1% and the sensitivity was 90.9%. Conclusion:Perioperative clinical variables can predict the possibility of RRT in patients with acute Stanford type A aortic dissection after surgery, which may provide the possibility for early intervention.