RÉSUMÉ
Background: Most tuberculosis (TB) transmissions occur between the onset of symptoms and treatment initiation. Early case identification and treatment initiation is an effective method to control the spread of TB, but the lack of a clear understanding about the extent of TB diagnostic delay and the factors contributing to delay continue to derail progress in combating the disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of diagnostic delay and factors associated with delay among TB patients. Methods: An analytic cross-sectional survey of 302 TB patients on the intensive phase of treatment was carried out to determine the diagnostic delay period among TB patients. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. The mean patient delay and associations between the length of patient delay and the various independent variables were determined. Results: The mean diagnostic delay was 47 days, patient delay was 34 days and health system delay was 13 days. Patients with extrapulmonary TB had lengthy diagnostic delay of 81 days. Prolonged delay was associated with low TB awareness. Conclusions: The study findings underscore the need to improve the quality of TB awareness in the community; campaigns should go beyond providing general information about TB to emphasize on early care-seeking.
RÉSUMÉ
Describir la frecuencia de distribucion de los genes blaTEM y blaSHV en cepas de Escherichia coli productoras de �À- lactamasas de espectro extendido (BLEE) procedentes de dos centros hospitalarios de Chiclayo. Material y Metodos: Estudio de tipo descriptivo, trasversal. Las cepas de Escherichia coli productoras de BLEE fueron seleccionadas de pacientes con infeccion urinaria internados en los servicios de Cuidados Intensivos, Ginecologia, Medicina Interna y Cirugia de los hospitales Almanzor Aguinaga Asenjo y Las Mercedes. Las cepas fueron confirmadas previamente en los laboratorios de los dos hospitales usando las prueba fenotipica de Jarlier (Hospital Las Mercedes) y el sistema automatizado Vitek 2 (Hospital Nacional Almanzor Aguinaga Asenjo); el analisis de deteccion de los genes blaTEM y blaSHV se hizo por PCR en el Laboratorio de Genetica de la Universidad Catolica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo. Resultados: Un total de 66 cepas de Escherichia coli recolectadas desde Enero a Agosto del 2011 fueron confirmadas como BLEE; de estas se confirmo que 40 cepas (60,61%) presentaron el gen blaTEM, 8 cepas (12,12%) presentaron el gen blaSHV y 18 cepas (27,27%) no presentaron ninguno de los dos. Ninguna de las cepas presento ambos genes. Conclusión: los genes blaTEM y blaSHV fueron frecuentes en las cepas BLEE de ambos hospitales, siendo más frecuente el gen blaTEM.(AU)
Objective: To describe the distribution frequency of blaTEM and blaSHV genes in extended spectrum À-lactamase producing Escherichia coli strains of two hospitals of Chiclayo.Material and Methods: Transversal, descriptive study.Extended spectrum À- lactamase (ESBL) Escherichia coli strains were initially obtained from urine cultures of patients with urinary tract infection from the services of Internal Medicine, Surgery, Intensive care unit and Urology from two hospitals of Chiclayo. The strains were previously confirmed in the laboratories using Jarlier's phenotypic method (Hospital las Mercedes) and the Vitek 2 automated system (Hospital Nacional Almanzor Aguinaga Asenjo); the genetic detection analysis of blaTEM and blaSHV genes was done by PCR (Polymerase chain reaction) in the Genetics Laboratory of Universidad Catolica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo. Results: A total of 66 strains of Escherichia coli isolated since January to August 2011 were classified as ESBL; by PCR, the blaTEM gen was found in 40 strains (60.61%), the blaSHV gen in 8 strains (12.12%), and both genes were absent in 18 strains (27.27%).Conclusion: blaTEM and blaSHV genes were frequently detected in ESBL strains from both hospitals; being the blaTEM the most frequent.(AU)