Volatile compounds and palynological analysis from pollen pots of stingless bees from the mid-north region of Brazil

ABSTRACT Samburá is the botanical pollen nectar agglutinated by salivary secretions of bees. Stingless bee pollen samples were collected in three periods of the year in Monsenhor Gil town, PI, Brazil, for extraction of volatile constituents by different techniques, analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and the palynological analysis used to identify the dominant pollen. Among the volatile compounds identified, kaur-16-ene, methyl and ethyl hexadecanoate, methyl linoleate and heneicosane were identified more frequently in the studied parameters: period of sample collection and extraction techniques used. The palynological analysis identified the pollen of Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth. as the dominant pollen in all samples studied.

Fenóis totais, atividade antioxidante e constituintes químicos de extratos de Anacardium occidentale L., Anacardiaceae / Total phenolics, antioxidant activity and chemical constituents from extracts of Anacardium occidentale L., Anacardiaceae

O presente artigo relata o isolamento e identificação do palmitato, oleato e linoleato de sitosterila, sitosterol, estigmasterol, 3-O-β-D-galactopiranosídeo do sitosterol, 3-O-β-Dgalactopiranosídeo do estigmasterol, 3-O-β-D-glicopiranosídeo do sitosterol e uma mistura de ácidos anacárdicos (monoeno e dieno) do extrato etanólico de cascas do caule de Anacardium occidentale L., Anacardiaceae, bem como do sitosterol, estigmasterol, lupeol, β-amirina, catequina e epicatequina do extrato etanólico do tegumento da castanha de caju in natura. Os extratos EtOH da casca e do tegumento foram avaliados quanto ao conteúdo de fenóis totais e atividade antioxidante. O extrato etanólico das cascas do caule apresentou maior conteúdo de compostos fenólicos e percentual de atividade antioxidante.

This paper describes the isolation and identification of a mixture of sitosteryl ester derivatives of fatty acids (palmitic, oleic and linoleic), sitosterol, stigmasterol, sitosterol-3-O-β-galactopyranoside, stigmasterol-3-O-β-galactopyranoside, sitosterol-3-O-β-glucopyranoside and a mixture of anacardic acids (monoene and diene) from stem bark of Anacardium occidentale L., Anacardiaceae, as well as sitosterol, stigmasterol, lupeol, β-amyrin, catechin and epicatechin from in natura cashew nut testa. Ethanol extracts from stem bark and testa were analyzed for antioxidant activity and total phenol content. The ethanol extract from stem bark exhibited the maximum of antioxidant activity and phenol content.