Social stigma towards people with HIV/AIDS, in dentistry students from Concepción

Objective: Characterize HIV/AIDS Social stigma towards people with HIV/AIDS in a sample of dentistry students from Concepción. Materials and methods: Cultural adaptation and pre-test were developed for the Stigma and HIV/AIDS Scale in dental students. Researchers collected the data from the instrument, demographic (sex/age), and academic information (course/training in HIV/AIDS, knowing a person with HIV/AIDS, provision of dental services to people living with HIV/AIDS [PLHIV]). To characterize the sample, univariate and bivariate descriptive statistics were performed with absolute and relative frequencies; the reliability of the scale was assessed with Cronbach's alpha; the relationship between the quantitative and ordinal variables was analyzed with the Spearman correlation coefficient. Results: The final sample comprised 138 dental students, whereas most of them reported not having training in HIV/AIDS nor providing dental services to PLHIV. Stigma and HIV/AIDS Scale showed good reliability. Two items expressing that PLHIV must disclose their condition to health professionals so they can take precautions have the highest values. A weak inverse correlation was found between Stigma and the variables age and course. Conclusions: Dental school students from Universidad of Concepción have a low social stigma towards people with HIV/AIDS. Items regarding professional practice showed higher stigma levels.

Formación de biopelícula bacteriana sobre las superficies de pilares de cicatrización de PEEK y titanio

Objetivos. Explorar el efecto de las características de superficie sobre el volumen total y la viabilidad de la biopelícula formada sobre pilares de cicatrización de PEEK y titanio. Métodos. Los parámetros de rugosidad (S a y S k) y la energía superficial de pilares de cicatrización de PEEK y titanio (n=3) fueron determinados mediante microscopía confocal láser de barrido (CLSM) y ángulo de contacto, respectivamente. Se determinó luego el volumen total y la viabilidad de una biopelícula bacteriana multiespecie cultivada por 30 días, mediante CLSM y el reactivo LIVE/DEAD Kit BacLight. El tamaño del efecto se determinó mediante d de Cohen. Resultados. Los pilares de PEEK mostraron una mayor rugosidad que los de titanio (S a 0,41 µm vs 0,17 µm), pero no se observaron diferencias en la energía superficial. Si bien el volumen total de biopelícula fue mayor en titanio que en PEEK (696 µm3 vs 419 µm3), no hubo diferencias en la proporción de bacterias vivas entre ambos materiales. Conclusiones. La viabilidad de la biopelícula bacteriana formada no guarda relación directa con las características superficiales de pilares de cicatrización de PEEK y titanio.

Objetivo. Explorar o efeito das características da superfície no volume total e viabilidade do biofilme formado em PEEK e pilares de cicatrização de titânio. Métodos. Parâmetros de rugosidade (S a e S k) e energia de superfície de PEEK e pilares de titânio (n = 3) foram determinados por microscopia confocal de varredura a laser (CLSM) e ângulo de contato, respectivamente. O volume total e a viabilidade de um biofilme bacteriano multiespécie cultivado por 30 dias foram então determinados usando CLSM e o reagente LIVE/DEAD Kit BacLight. O tamanho do efeito foi determinado usando o d de Cohen. Resultados. Os pilares de PEEK mostraram maior rugosidade do que os de titânio (S a 0,41 µm vs 0,17 µm), mas não foram observadas diferenças na energia de superfície. Embora o volume total de biofilme tenha sido maior no titânio do que no PEEK (696 µm3 vs 419 µm3), não houve diferenças na proporção de bactérias vivas entre os dois materiais. Conclusões. A viabilidade do biofilme bacteriano formado não está diretamente relacionada às características da superfície dos pilares de cicatrização de PEEK e titânio.

Objectives . To explore the effect of surface characteristics on the total volume and viability of a bacterial biofilm developed on the surface of PEEK and titanium healing abutments. Methods. Surface parameters S a and S k, as well as the surface energy of PEEK and titanium healing abutments (n=3) were determined using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and contact angle, respectively. The total volume and viability of a multispecies bacterial biofilm cultivated for 30 days were determined using CLSM and the LIVE/DEAD BacLight reactive kit. Effect size was determined using Cohen's d. Results. PEEK healing abutments displayed a higher surface roughness than titanium (S a 0.41 µm vs 0.17 µm), although no differences in surface energy were observed. Despite the higher total volume of the biofilm measured on titanium abutments compared to PEEK (696 µm3 vs 419 µm3), no differences in the live/dead bacterial ratio were observed. Conclusions. Bacterial viability of the biofilm did not show a direct relation to the surface characteristics of PEEK and titanium healing abutments.

Factors Associated with Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Preschoolers of Concepción, Chile: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract Objective: To identify the factors associated with Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) in preschool children of Concepción, Chile. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a sample of enrolled preschoolers who attend public schools in Concepción, Chile. To measure OHRQoL, the chilean version of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) was used; sociodemographic variables of the children and their parents were also recorded, as well as variables regarding the last visit to the dentist. To determine differences in the ECOHIS score for categorical variables, ANOVA and t-test were used, while Pearson's r was used to correlate ECOHIS with quantitative variables (p<0.05). Results: A total of 175 children were surveyed, with a distribution of 89 boys and 86 girls aged 56-to-79 months. The total score of the ECOHIS had a mean of 4.48 ±5.96, with a score between 0-38. Statistically significant associations were with parent's educational attainment (r=−0.159), dmft (r=0.380), OHI-S debris (r=0.174) and reason for the last visit to the dentist, the highest average in the ECOHIS scores was registered in the urgency reason. Conclusion: Oral health status, dental service utilization and educational level are associated with the OHRQoL of preschoolers of Concepción (AU).

Factor analysis of the cross-cultural adaptation of the multidimensional attitudes scale towards deaf persons in Chilean dental students

There are various instruments to measure attitudes toward persons with disabilities (PwD). The Multidimensional Attitudes Scale (MAS) toward PwD is a three-dimension scale with good psychometric properties; the Spanish version has been validated with a four-factor structure. Aim: To examine the factor structure of a cross-cultural adapted version of the Spanish MAS towards deaf persons in a sample of Chilean dental students. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved five Chilean public health experts that reviewed the scale for obtaining a preliminary version of a 30-item modified MAS towards deaf persons; a pilot with 15 dental students was performed, and a final sample composed of 311 students was included. For the exploratory factor analysis (EFA), maximum likelihood estimation (ML) for determining the number of factors and parallel analysis (PA) was used, with Oblimin for the rotation method. Cronbach's alpha was used to assess reliability. The root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), comparative fit index (CFI), incremental fit index (IFI), goodness of fit index (GFI), Tucker-Lewis fit index (TLI-NNF) and root mean square of residuals (RMSR) were used to assess model fit. Results: All items had a normal distribution with the exception of items 7 and 10. The four-factor structure without item 10 in this EFA presented an adequate Cronbach's alpha (>0.83), suggesting acceptable reliability. RMSEA, TLI-NNFI, RMSR, GFI and CFI indices suggested a good fit of the model and were consistent with the literature. Conclusion: The Spanish modified version of the MAS towards deaf persons has a four-factor structure, which in consistent with a previous version of the MAS

Antimicrobial Effect of Leukocyte- and Platelet-Rich Fibrin Against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Mono-Multiserotypes Model

ABSTRACT: Leukocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin is a widely used platelet concentrate for periodontal surgery procedures. Many benefits are described regarding its use, such as antimicrobial properties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of the different zones of this platelet concentrated against the most prevalent serotypes of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in an in vitro mono-multiserotype model. Three patients who were treated at a School of Dentistry in the city where the researchers reside, were included. Modified direct contact method tests and results were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression analysis. In the modified direct contact method test, a decrease in bacterial count was found at time 1, but at time 2, the count increased for all serotypes and zones of L-PRF. It can be noted that the areas with more cellular content in leukocytes and platelet-rich fibrin are the areas with the most antimicrobial powe r. This platelet concentrate would have better results with serotype c. At time point 2, it is likely to act as a growth promoter of A. actinomycetemcomitans.

RESUMEN: La Fibrina rica en Leucocitos y Plaquetas es un concentrado plaquetario ampliamente utilizado en procedimientos quirúrgicos periodontales. Muchos beneficios se describen con respecto a su uso, tales como propiedades antimicrobianas. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los efectos antimicrobianos de las diferentes zonas de este concentrado plaquetario frente a los serotipos más prevalentes de Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans en un modelo mono-multi serotipo in vitro. Se incluyeron tres pacientes que fueron tratados en la Facultad de Odontología de la ciudad donde residen los investigadores. Se utilizó para su análisis una prueba de contacto directo modificado. En la prueba de contacto directo modificado, se encontró una disminución en el recuento bacteriano en el tiempo 1, pero en el tiempo 2, el recuento aumentó para todos los serotipos y zonas de L-PRF. Se puede observar que las áreas con mayor contenido celular en la Fibrina rica en Leucocitos y Plaquetas son las áreas con mayor poder antimicrobiano. Este concentrado de plaquetas tendría mejores resultados con el serotipo c. En el tiempo 2, es probable que actúe como un promotor del crecimiento de A. actinomycetemcomitans.

Formación para el manejo de publicaciones científicas y páginas web en el ámbito sociosanitario / Training for management of scientific publications and webpages in the sociosanitary context

Este trabajo presenta nociones básicas de formación sobre la búsqueda del conocimiento científico sociosanitario en internet, y reitera el uso de contenidos especializados y de rigor en revistas científicas indexadas en JCR y/o SCOPUS. Además, se ofrece una correcta formación digital en Alfabetización en Salud electrónica (e_AeS), a través del manejo de páginas correctamente contrastadas, según los 15 criterios de calidad de los sitios web y de contenidos especializados sociosanitarios(AU)

This paper presents basic notions about training for the search of socio-sanitary scientific knowledge on the Internet and reiterates the use of specialized and rigorous content in scientific journals indexed in JCR and/or SCOPUS. In addition, a correct digital training in electronic health literacy is offered, through the management of correctly contrasted pages, according to the fifteen quality criteria of the websites and specialized socio-health content(AU)

Chilean Health Professionals Attitudes Towards Deafness: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract Objective: To assess the attitudes of health professionals towards Deafness and its association with sociodemographic and Deaf contact experience. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in Concepcion, Chile. The sample size was estimated in 171 health professionals. The following variables were considered: sociodemographics, Deaf contact experience, and attitudes to deafness scale (ADS scale). To evaluate the association between the variables, t-test and Spearman correlation test were used (p<0.05). Results: People who had taken a LSCh course had significant more positive attitudes towards item 1 "Deaf people should learn to lipread", with a 2 points difference and in persons who do not know a Deaf person, with 1-point difference. Also, persons who have received some kind of formation in Deafness have a better attitude in item 3 "I would like to have more Deaf friends" with 1-point difference. An inverse correlation was observed within age (rho = -0.237; p=0.0014), years of academic service (rho = -0.323; p<0.0001) or PHC service (rho = -0.1085; p=0,364). Conclusion: The attitude of health professionals towards Deafness was neutral. This attitude is not modulated by sex, type of profession, type of relationship with Deaf people, type of training in hearing disability, Chilean Sign Language Courses or degree of frequency of healthcare delivery to Deaf patients. However, it is modulated by age and years of service.

Salud bucal, higiene y hábitos bucales en personas con trastorno del espectro autista / Oral health, hygiene practices and oral habits of people with autism spectrum disorder

ABSTRACT Introduction: People with autism spectrum disorder have a higher risk of dental complications due to the characteristics of the condition itself. Objective: To describe the oral health status, hygiene practices and oral habits of a group of Chilean children, adolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorder. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted of 123 subjects with autism spectrum disorder. A questionnaire was applied which dealt with socio-demographic information, dental history, oral hygiene practices and oral habits. Each participating subject underwent oral examination to determine their experience with and prevalence of caries, scores on the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index and the gingival index, and the presence of dental trauma, deep/ogival palate, anterior open bite, and anterior and posterior crossbite. Results: 48 percent of the subjects with autism spectrum disorder brushed twice a day, and 68.0 percent required assisted tooth-brushing; 94.3 percent had oral habits, of which bruxism and oral breathing were the most frequent, accounting for 57.7 percent and 52.9 percent, respectively. Prevalence of caries was 33.3 percent, the dental caries index for permanent dentition was 1.1 ± 1.8, and the dental caries index for deciduous and permanent dentition was 2.6 ± 3.3. OHI-S for the 123 subjects was 1.30 ± 0.58. Conclusions: Most subjects required assistance with tooth-brushing and brushed twice a day. Bruxism and oral breathing were the most prevalent oral habits. A low prevalence of caries, a very low dental caries index for permanent dentition and a fair Oral Hygiene Index were observed in the 123 subjects with autism spectrum disorder(AU)

RESUMEN Introducción: Las personas con trastorno del espectro autista tienen un mayor riesgo de presentar complicaciones dentales, debido a las características propias de la enfermedad. Objetivo: Describir el estado de salud bucal, hábitos de higiene y hábitos bucales de un grupo de niños, adolescentes y adultos chilenos con trastorno del espectro autista. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de 123 sujetos con trastorno del espectro autista. Se aplicó un cuestionario sobre información socio-demográfica, antecedentes dentales, hábitos de higiene bucal y hábitos bucales, y se realizó un examen odontológico a cada participante para determinar la experiencia y prevalencia de caries, la puntuación según el índice de higiene bucal simplificado y el índice gingival, así como la presencia de traumatismo dentario, paladar profundo/ojival, mordida abierta anterior y mordida cruzada anterior y posterior. Resultados: El 48 por ciento de los sujetos con trastorno del espectro autista se cepillaba dos veces al día y el 68,0 por ciento tenía un cepillado asistido. El 94,3 por ciento presentaba hábitos bucales, de los cuales los más frecuentes eran el bruxismo con 57,7 por ciento y la respiración bucal con 52,9 por ciento. La prevalencia de caries fue de 33,3 por ciento, el índice total de caries en dentición permanente de 1,1 ± 1,8 y el índice total de caries en dentición temporal y permanente de 2,6 ± 3,3. El índice de higiene bucal simplificado para los 123 sujetos fue de 1,30 ± 0,58. Conclusiones: La mayor parte de los sujetos tenían un cepillado asistido y lo realizaban dos veces al día. Los hábitos bucales más prevalentes fueron el bruxismo y la respiración bucal. En los 123 sujetos con trastorno del espectro autista se observó una baja prevalencia de caries, un índice total de caries en dentición permanente muy bajo y un índice de higiene bucal regular(AU)

Dental examiners consistency in applying different oral health indices in permanent dentition for a population-based study

Different indices to identify dental diseases have been developed. For population-based studies, it is imperative to use simple and reliable indices, but most importantly, clinical examiners should reach an agreement, in order to increase inter-observer reliability and obtain reliable data. The objective of this study was to describe the calibration process of the Dental Aesthetic Index, Community Periodontal Index, Simplified Oral Hygiene Index and International Caries Detection and Assessment System ICDAS II by two academics from the Public Health Department of Dentistry. All calibrations started with the individual reading of the official documents of each index and, when possible, were followed by a lecture, in-vitro or ex-vivo training and concluded with an in-vivo training. A high inter-observer reliability was obtained between the two academics in all indices.

Exploratory factor analysis of the chilean deafness attitude scale

Negative attitudes mean a barrier for People with Disability (PwD), but attitudes towards Deaf people are structurally different from the rest of the PwD. The aim of this study is to evaluate the factorial structure and internal reliability of the Attitudes towards Deafness Scale (ADS) applied in health professionals from Concepcion, Chile. The ADS was translated to Spanish and back-translated to English, then reviewed by public health experts, and a pilot application was carried out to 15 health professional to make final modifications. The Chilean ADS version was applied to 182 health professional from primary care centers and academics working in health schools. Reliability analysis with estimation of the Cronbach's alpha coefficient, and exploratory factor analysis were made. The data presented adequate values to perform exploratory factor analysis (KMO=0.73; Bartlett's sphericity test p <0.00001). A maximum likelihood extraction method and a Quartimax rotation method with Kaiser standardization were used for a four-factor model, in which 11 items presented loads of less than 0.5, so the final model was left with 11 items. A Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.70 was determined in the final model, with an alpha of 0.77 for the first factor, 0.55 for the second, 0.77 for the third, and 0.61 for the fourth. The exploratory factor analysis suggested a four-dimensional structure for ADS Chilean version. The four subscales and the scale in general presented an adequate Cronbach's alpha, suggesting acceptable internal consistency

Evaluación de la atención a usuarios con enfermedad crónica cardiovascular en Centros de Salud Familiar / Evaluation of care provided to users suffering from chronic cardiovascular disease at Family Health Centers

Antecedentes: El control de las enfermedades cardiovasculares es un reto para los sistemas de salud. Objetivo: Determinar si la atención proporcionada por los equipos de salud a usuarios/as con enfermedades cardiovasculares crónicas es congruente con el Modelo de Cuidados Crónicos y explorar su efectividad a través de indicadores de compensación del programa de salud cardiovascular. Métodos: Se empleó un diseño descriptivo, transversal. Participaron los equipos de salud (9) que otorgan atención a usuarios crónicos (diabéticos e hipertensos) en Centros de Salud Familiar de un Servicio de Salud del Centro Sur de Chile. Se utilizó el instrumento "Evaluación de la atención de enfermedades crónicas" (ACIC) versión 3.5 adaptada al castellano Chileno. Se analizaron los Indicadores de compensación para hipertensión arterial y diabetes mellitus tipo 2 del programa cardiovascular obtenidos del Resumen Estadístico Mensual de cada centro de salud. Resultados: La atención otorgada a usuarios/as con enfermedad crónica fue evaluada como apoyo básico a las enfermedades crónicas. La sección mejor evaluada fue "Organización del Sistema de atención de salud". Las dimensiones con puntajes más bajos fueron "Integración de los componentes del modelo" y "Apoyo a la toma de decisiones". Se observó solo una tendencia a correlación positiva entre la evaluación de la atención otorgada a usuarios/as y los indicadores de compensación para diabetes mellitus tipo 2, no así para hipertensión. Conclusión: La "Organización del Sistema de atención de salud" fue la sección mejor evaluada del Modelo de Cuidados Crónicos en 9 Centros de Atención Familiar. No se encontró relación estadísticamente significativa con los indicadores de compensación para diabetes mellitus tipo 2 e hipertensión arterial.

Background: Control of cardiovascular disease remains a challenge for health care systems. Objective: To determine whether care provided by health teams to users suffering from chronic cardiovascular diseases is consistent with the Chronic Care Model, and to explore it's effectiveness using compensation indicator from the cardiovascular health programs. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design was used. 9 health teams providing assistance to chronic users (diabetes and hypertension) in Family Health Centers in southern-central Chile were included. We used ACIC version 3.5 adapted to Chilean Spanish to evaluate quality of chronic care. Indicators of compensation for hypertension and diabetes mellitus type 2 defined by national cardiovascular programs were obtained from the monthly statistical summary of each health center. Results: "Organization of the Healthcare Delivery System" was the best evaluated dimension. The lower scores corresponded to "Integration of Chronic Care Model Components" and "Decision Support". Only a tendency for a positive correlation wasfound between care given to users suffering from chronic disease and compensation indicators for type 2 diabetes mellitus. No such tendency was observed for hypertension. Conclusion: "Organization of the Healthcare Delivery System" was the best evaluated dimension of the Chronic Care Model in 9 Health temas delivering care to chronic users in Chile The relation between chronic care dimensions and compensation indicators for type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension was not satisfactory.