[Comparison of stress between endodontists, postgraduate and undergraduate students during endodontic therapy]

Endodontic therapy is considered as one of the most stressful dental treatments. This study was designed with the aim of comparing stress levels during different stages of endodontic treatment among endodontic professionals under- and post-graduate students. In this ex-post facto investigation, three groups including professional endodontists [n=36], undergraduate [n=41] and postgraduate dental students [n=47] were involved by convenience sampling. A questionnaire including 48 items, with five-point scales [very few to very much], was prepared for this study based on interview. The questionnaire was filled out by participants in a self report method. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance and Scheffe's post - hoc tests. The stress among undergraduate dental students in all fields were more than those of professionals and postgraduate dental students, except for the stress of local anesthetic injection with lidocaine. Stress levels of all three groups were significantly different in inferior alveolar block injections with lidocaine, with professionals having more stress than under- and post- graduate dental students. The most stressful aspect of endodontic treatment, among the three groups was canal obturation, followed by obturation of the molar canals, preparing molar access cavities in special conditions and taking the final radiographs. The suggested methods offered for occupational stress reduction, was experience and knowledge, adequate knowledge, concentration and self confidence, and trust to God, respectively. The stress among under graduate dental students in all fields was more than professionals and post graduate dental students, except for the stress of local anesthetic injections with lidocaine

[Oral and dental manifestations in patients with gastro- esophageal reflux disease [GERD]]

Statement of problem: gastro-esophageal reflux disease [GERD] occurres when there is an insufficiency of the lower esophageal sphincter. The effect of chronic exposure of the oral cavity to gastric acid can be many and varied

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the oral and dental manifestations in patients with GERD, and compare them with healthy persons

Material and Methods: In this descriptive and cross-sectional study, 80 patients with GERD, identified by gastroenterologisit, and 80 healthy persons were included. Persons in both groups were asked to answere questionnaires including name, age, consumption of drug, diseases, allergy, bruxism, smoking and dysgeusia. They were also examined for missing teeth, dental erosion and atrophic glossitis. Data were analysed with the spss- 11.5 statistical software by using Mann- Whitney and Chisquare tests

Results: There was a statistically significant difference among two groups for the prevalence and severity of type S2 of dental erosion. [in order Pv=0.045, Pv[S2]= 0.012]. No relationship was found between GERD and oral changes including missing teeth, dental sensitivity, dysgeusia, atrophic glossitis and severity of dental erosion [S1, S3] [Pv> 0.05]

Conclusion: Moderate dental erosion is a common finding in patients with GERD and should be considered as oral manifestation of this disease

[ study of the prevelance, source and symptoms of stress among teachers in Azad Islamic University at Hamadan]

Although teaching due to its manpower resources development is very rewarding but it produces special stress which could not be found in any other professions. The present study examines the prevalence, sources and symptoms of stress among teachers in Azad Islamic University at Hamadan Branch as its objective. This survey study was done on 168 university teachers. The instrument of the study was Kyriacou- Sutcliff [1978] teacher stress questionnaire. Data were analyzed through t-test for independent groups, ANOVA, Tukey test and Pearson corrolation coefficient. The results revealed that%17.9 of teachers showed high or very high stress,%29 moderate and%53 had no stress or low stress. Most important source of their stress were lack of students unwillingness to study, high number of them in class and low motivation. There were no significant differences in regard of demographic and proffessional characteristics unless those working concurrently at another organization who had lower stress [p=0/013] and all symptoms of stress showed a positive meaningful correlation with the general stress of teachers. Amomg the basic reasons of teachers stress were lack of students interests in field of study, high ratio of student- teacher and unemployment of students after graduation

[Corneal endothelial cell evaluation in donors with aluminum phosphide intoxication]

To evaluate corneal endothelial cells of donors who died from aluminum phosphide intoxication. Endothelial cell count and quality of eight corneas from four donors with aluminum phosphide intoxication were evaluated by slit lamp biomicroscopy and specular microscopy at the Eye Bank of I.R. Iran. Confocal scan examination was carried out only in one of the recipients. Donor age ranged from 21 to 60 years. All corneas were clear and the estimated endothelial cell density was very good to excellent. The endothelial cell density ranged from 2600 to 3300 cell/mm2 with a mean of 2920 cell/mm2. The pleomorphism ranged from 33% to 50% with mean of 40% and the polymegathism ranged from 31% to 39% with mean of 35%. In one recipient, 5 months after penetrating keratoplasty, the endothelial cell density was 2848 cells/mm2 on confocal scan with 40.8% polymegathism and 44.9% pleomorphism. Oral intoxication with aluminum phosphide seems not to affect corneal endothelial cell count and viability. Further experimental study is suggested