Role of melatonin in modulation of oxidative stress induced by delta-aminolevulinic acid in adult male albino rats

Delta-aminolevulinic acid [ALA] is a heme precursor that accumulates in acute intermittent porphyria [AlP] due to enzymatic deficiencies in the heme biosynthetic pathway, its accumulation has been associated with several symptoms because it works as an endogenous source of reactive oxygen species, which can exert oxidative damage to cell structures. The present work was designed to examine the ability of melatonin, a well known antioxidant and a free radical scavenger secreted from the pineal gland, to revert ALA-promoted damage in brain, liver and kidney of rats. The present data demonstrated that chronically ALA-treated rats [40 mg / kg body wt day after day for 14 days] exhibited very highly significant increases in malondialdehyde [MDA] and protein carbonyl [PC] whereas the level of glutathione [GSH] was significantly diminished in the tissue homogenates of all tested organs [brain, kidney and liver]. Among antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase [CAT], glutathione reductase [GSH-Rd], glutathione-S-transferase [GST] activities were significantly diminished by ALA treatment. Intraperitoneal injection of melatonin [10 mg / kg body weight, every day for 14 consecutive days] significantly ameliorated all the tested parameters. Melatonin moderately increased SOD, CAT, GSH-Rd and GST activities, thereby counteracting the oxidative stress induced by ALA. Nevertheless, exogenous ALA caused a strong net rise in MDA and PC and a significant decrease in GSH when given together with ALA, melatonin antagonized these effects and largely protected the integrity of tissue structures. From the present data, the protection of melatonin against ALA oxidative stress is obviously, so it is well recommended to use melatonin in patients suffering from symptoms related to ALA accumulation

Effect of acute exposure of microwave radiation on some liver and testicular functions of male albino rats: protective role of propolis and zinc therapy

This present study was conducted to investigate some adverse effects due to microwave exposure as well as investigating the possible effects of acute exposure to radiation on liver and testicular tissues, antioxidant enzymes as superoxide dismutase and toxic free radical lipid peroxide that results from stress oxidative tissue damage as well as the effect of microwaves on some trace elements that act as metalloenzyme as zinc and copper. In this work, four groups of adult male albino rats were used. The first act as a control group, the second group was exposed to microwaves radiation 3 hr/day for seven days consecutively at a dose of 170mw/cm2.sec. and frequency of 2.06 GHz [acute exposure]. The third group was exposed to microwave radiations like the second group in addition to concomitant administration to propolis [10mg/kg b. wt. oral for 7 days] and the fourth group was exposed to microwave radiation like the second group in addition to concomitant administration to oral zinc sulphate [3.14 mg/kg b. wt. oral for 7 days]. After the last exposure, rats were treated with pentobarbital sodium and blood samples were taken by heart puncture for determination of alkaline phosphatase [ALP], alanine aminotransferase [ALT], testosterone and follicle stimulating hormone [FSH]. After blood collection, the animals were decapitated by cervical dislocation, testes and liver were histopathologically observed. Oxidative stress was examined by determination of lipid peroxidation [MDA] and measurement of Cu/Zn ratio

study of the possible hazards of acute and chronic exposure to microwaves on hepatorenal function and some blood trace elements in albino rats

Microwave exposure possess some degree of health hazards, the objective of the present study was the investigation of the possible effects of acute and chronic exposure to radiation on some liver, kidney, tissue antioxidants enzymes as superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidases, glutathione and toxic free radical lipid peroxide that results from stress oxidative tissues damage as well as the effect of microwaves on some trace elements that acts as metalloenzyme as zinc, selenium, copper and manganese. The result of the present study showed that exposure to microwaves [acute and chronic] produced significant reduction of antioxidant enzymes as superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione content. It also produced significant increase in toxic free radical malondialdehyde. These changes are more manifested with acute exposure [7 days]. The parameters of this study were improved with concomitant administration of DDB [well known antioxidant and tissue protective]. Also, the results showed that there was significant impairment of liver and kidney parameters with acute exposure and still there were changes in chronic which were insignificant. The parameters of liver and kidney were improved by the administration of DDB concomitantly

Evaluation of the possible effects of microwaves on some vasoactive substances serotonin [Part I] and some metabolite [part II] steptozotocin induced diabetic rats

The objective of this study was the evaluation of the possible adverse effects of microwaves [e.g. mobile, microwave ovens, etc.] on some vasoactive substances as catecholamine [norepinephrine and epinephrine], 5 hydroxy tryptamine [serotonin] and histamine as well as histaminase enzyme activity and the possible role of Nigella sativa oil [NSO] administration in albino rats. Male adult albino rats were divided into control group [n=10], group II [n=10] received microwaves for 7 days consecutively at a dose of 170 mW/Cm2 and frequency of 2.06 GHz for 3 hours [acute group], the third group [group III] [n=10] received the same dose as group II but for 28 consecutive days [chronic group], the fourth group [group IV] was treated as group II with concomitant administration of Nigella sativa oil [NSO] 100 mg/kg/day/orally by gastric tube. The fifth group [n=10] was treated as group III with concomitant oral administration of Nigella sativa oil in the same dose as group IV for 28 days. At the end of experiments, the animals were sacrificed and blood examined for norepinephrine, epinephrine, serotonin, histamine and histaminase enzyme activity. The result of the present study showed that microwaves produced significant reduction of histaminase activity significant increase in histamine, serotonin, norepinephrine and epinephrine, all were highly significantly changed in acute group of irradiation