effect of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells on the healing experimental skin wound in diabetic adult male albino rats

Impairment of wound healing in diabetic patients is an important clinical problem. Various studies have suggested that using regenerative medical therapy could be a good solution. Mesenchymal stem cells are nonhematopoietic progenitor cells that have high differentiation potential and could be isolated from bone marrow and other tissues. The aim of this study was to assess the role of stem cells in the healing of diabetic skin wounds of male albino rats. Forty-two male albino rats were used in this study. Seven of them of an average weight of 50-70 g were used for extraction of bone marrow. The rest of the rats were of an average weight of 150-200 g and were used as animal models. The animals were divided into four groups: group I, comprising rats from which the bone marrow was extracted; group II, which formed the control group; group III, comprising diabetic wounded rats; and group IV, in which wounded diabetic rats were treated with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Diabetes was induced in rats by means of a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. Wounds of groups III and IV were examined after 3 and 7 days. Skin specimens were processed and stained with H and E and Masson's trichrome. Re-epithelization with complete closure of the wound was noted in the stem cell-treated group after 7 days. There was a significant increase in the number of hair follicles/high-power field and increase in the collagen content of the dermis in the stem cell-treated groups compared with the untreated groups. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells can be effectively used in the treatment of diabetic wounds

Histological study on the effect of metformin on high-fat-diet-induced liver injury in adult male albino rats

Changes in lifestyle and food habits increase the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease [NAFLD]. It is a chronic condition that has no or few symptoms. It may be accompanied by inflammation and insulin resistance. Moreover, it is closely linked to diabetes. Metformin is an antidiabetic agent that can improve insulin resistance. The study was conducted to investigate the effect of metformin on liver injury induced by a high-fat diet. The study lasted for 12 weeks. Thirty-six adult male albino rats were used and divided into four groups. Group I was the control group. Group II rats received metformin. Group III rats were fed a high-fat diet for induction of NAFLD. Group IV rats were fed a high-fat diet for induction of NAFLD and then administered metformin orally in the last 4 weeks of the study. Liver specimens were processed for light and electron microscopic examination. Moreover, liver weight index was determined, and biochemical, morphometric, and statistical studies were performed. Induction of NAFLD [group III] resulted in severe insulin resistance. Hepatocytes showed macrovesicular and microvesicular steatosis, ballooning, and lobular inflammation. The number of positive cells and the reaction for tumor necrosis factor-alpha in group III apparently increased as compared with group IV. Lipid droplets, loss of mitochondrial cristae, and dispersion of rER were detected in group III. Metformin improved insulin resistance, and liver histological changes were fewer than those in group III. Metformin can greatly improve liver histological changes associated with a model of NAFLD

Histological study on the effect of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate on hepatic and small intestinal injury induced by ischemia reperfusion in rats

Restoration of the blood flow and reintroduction of oxygen after deprivation accelerate tissue injury. The insult of intestinal ischemia reperfusion [PR] is not necessarily limited to the intestine itself, but involves the severe destruction of the other tissues because of the reperfused oxygenated blood. Many reports indicated that I/R is an important inciting event in the pathogenesis of multiple organ system failure, which is the leading cause of death in critically ill patients. So, the aim of this study was to evaluate the possible protective role of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate [PDTC] on liver and small intestinal injury following mesenteric ischemia reperfusion. The study was performed on forty adult male albino rats weighting 200-250 gm that were divided into three groups. Group I: Control animals which divided into untreated and sham operated [10 animals each]. Group II: Intestinal ischemia reperfusion animals, which were underwent one hour ischemia and two hours reperfusion. Group Ill: Animals received 200 mg/kg PDTC intraperitoneally one hour before intestinal ischemia reperfusion procedure. Parts were taken from the liver and jejunum were processed for histological examination and other jejunal parts for scanning electron microscopic examinations [SEM]. Immunohistochemical expression of NF-ka B factor in the liver was investigated. A variety of changes were observed in the jejunal ranging from epithelial separation and loss of the brush border to cellular lysis, destruction of villi, cellular infiltrations, hemorrhages and basal glandular ulcerations. The liver showed areas of edema fluid, hemorrhages, mononuclear cellular infiltration and increased expression of INF-ka B factor. Treatment with PDTC resulted in improvement in most of the histological changes induced by intestinal ischemia-reperfusion in the jejunum and liver. Therefore, PDTC can be considered as an effective protecting agent during intestinal ischemia reperfusion and can be used clinically in such instances

Association of tumor necrosis factor-alpha polymorphisms with susceptibility and clinical outcomes of rheumatic heart disease

To examine the association of tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-alpha] gene polymorphisms with rheumatic heart disease [RHD] and valve damage, and their influence on TNF-alpha production and disease outcome. We performed this cross-sectional study at Kasr El-Aini Hospital, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt, from December 2008 to October 2009. Eighty children with chronic RHD and valve affection, and 50 controls were included. Patients with any other diseases or complications were excluded. Blood samples [5 ml] were collected. Genotyping for TNF-alpha polymorphisms was performed by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Serum TNF-alpha was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serum TNF-alpha was significantly increased in RHD compared with controls [p=0.00003]. The TNF-alpha-238 adenine [AA] [p=0.036] and-308AA [p=0.003] genotypes were more frequent in RHD patients than in controls, and were associated with increased production of TNF-alpha [p=0.00001 for 238AA] and [p=0.001 for 308AA]. Both polymorphisms contributed to increased susceptibility for RHD [-308AA and adenine guanine [AG], odds ratio [OR]=4.72 [95% confidence interval [CI] 2.03-11.05], p=0.0001]; [-238 AA and AG, OR=2.33 [CI: 1.05-5.19], p=0.035]. The presence of-308AA was associated with mitral [p=0.001] and multivalvular [p=0.003] lesions and was more prevalent in moderate [p=0.001], and severe [p<0.001] cases than in controls. The-238AA variant was associated with mitral lesions [p=0.04] and severe cases [p=0.05] as compared with controls. The TNF-alpha-238G/A and-308G/A polymorphisms were associated with susceptibility to RHD and increased production of TNF-alpha. Both polymorphisms were related to valve damage, and a more severe outcome of RHD

possible protective effect of curcumin on naphthalene induced cataract in rats [histological and scanning electron microscopic Study]

Cataract formation is one of the irreversible processes for which modem medical science has no definite cure except surgery. Drugs that may have prophylactic or curative effects for cataract are lacking. Naphthalene has wide industrial and commercial applications and it is well known that ingestion of naphthalene causes cataract in human and experimental animals. Curcumin, a widely used spice, has been proved to have an antioxidant activity in vitro and in vivo. The purpose of this study was to test the possible efficacy of curcumin in preventing cataract formation in a rat model. So, forty adult male albino rats weighting 100-120 gm were used in this study. They were divided into the experimental groups. Group I: Control animals. Group II: Animals received a dose of 0.7 g/kg of naphthalene solution orally daily for 90 days. Group III: Animals concomitantly administered curcumin with naphthalene in a dose of 75 mg/kg orally daily for the same duration. Slit lamp examination and retroillumination photography were done to all animals at the end of the experiment, then the rats were sacrificed and the lenses were removed and processed for histological and scanning electron microscopic [SEM] examination. Animals received naphthalene showed, by slit lamp photography, equatorial vacuoles and anterior subcapsular white opacities. Histologically, lens capsule was thin with hyperplasia of the lens epithelium. PAS stained deposits were also seen under the capsule with increased spacing between the lens fibers. Furthermore, the hexagonal cross sectional structure of lens fibers was lost in some areas. SEM showed loss of ball and socket interlocking between the lens fibers. Concomitant administration of curcumin with naphthalene resulted in amelioration of most of the histological changes induced by naphthalene. Therefore, curcumin may have a beneficial effect in protection against cataractogenesis

Detection of Mycoplasma infection in cows with pneumonic lesions by conventional and PCR method and measuring the antigenic proffle of the isolated mycoplasma

Three different laboratory diagnostic tests were used for rapid and accurate diagnosis and typing of different Mycoplasma strains causing respiratory diseases in cows. A total of hundred lung samples from cows, with pneumqnic lesions were collected from El-Basateen abattoir, and examined for the presence of Mycoplasma, by using isolation, polymerase chain reaction [PCR] and measuring the protein profile of the different isolates using [SDS-PAGE]. The results indicted that Mycoplasma bovis showed the highest percentage among other mycoplasma isolates [M. arginin and M. bovirhinis and untyped strains]. The result reported that the PCR was more rapid, sensitive and specific for accurate detection of Mycoplasma infection in comparison with culture method that was more specific, most difficult and laborious of time and effort. The presence of specific protein bands at 112, 96, 65, 50, 41, 30, and 17 KDa in M.bovis isolates was characteristic. Slight differences in the expression levels of some proteins could be detected

Gall bladder contractility in children with beta-thalassaemia

We studied gall bladder contractility in 61 children with beta-thalassaemia who were asymptomatic for gall bladder disease and 51 sex- and age-matched controls in Cairo, Egypt, using real-time ultrasonography. Multiple gall bladder stones were present in 18.0% of thalassaemia patients and sludge in 6.6%. There were statistically significant differences between thalassaemia patients and controls in gall bladder fasting volume, residual volume, emptying time and contraction index. There was significant positive correlation between fasting and residual volumes and age, weight and height, and between fasting volume and body mass index and serum ferritin level. Contraction index was negatively correlated with serum total bilirubin. Impaired gall bladder motility was evident in patients with betathalassaemia and it may be related to disease duration, serum ferritin and total serum bilirubin level

Histological study on the the effects of curcumin and simvastatin on the structure of hippocampus of simvastatin on the structure of hippocampus of adult male albino rats exposedto ischemia

Hippocampus is a vulnerable brain structure susceptible to neuronal atrophy following oxidative stress. Increased oxidative stress is an underlying cause of neuronal damage induced by ischemia /reperfusion [1 / R]. Oxygen free radicals are considered to be an important component involved in the pathophysiological tissue alterations in ischemia /reperfusion [1/ R] following oxidative stress. The present study was carried to investigate for any protective role of curcumnin and simvastatin on the structure of hippocampus of male albino rats exposed to ischemia. Fifty two adult male albino rats were used and divided into 6 groups. Group I [control group.], group II [sham-operated group,] group III [ischemic induced group] ,group IV[received curcumnin for 4veeks before induction of ischemia] ,group V [received simvastatin for 4weeks before induction of ischemia] group VI [received both curcumin and simvastatin for 4weeks before induction of ischemia]. The animals were sacrificed after 4 days of induction of ischemia. In group III, I /R led to degeneration of many pyramidal cells in area 1 of Corn Amninonis [CA1 area of hippocampus], apparent increase of astrocytes and a decrease of Nissl granules content. Group IV showed mild attenuation of generative changes seen in group III whereas astrocytes were still apparently increased. In group V, a greater cyroprolective effect was observed with simvastatin than curcumin. Many pyramidal cells appeared similar to control group, mild increase of Nissl granules content and an apparent slight increase of astrocytes were observed in group VI ,the pyramidal cells amid astrocytes had more or less similar appearance to control group. The present study showed a great protective effect for simvastatin on structure of hippocampus subjected to transient ischemia. This protective effect could be augmented by receiving curcumnin with simvastatin

Effect of exercise on the changes of skeletal muscle fibers due to induced type ii diabetes mellitus light and electron microscopic study

Type II diabetes is one of the most common chronic health problems characterized by insulin resistance. Unfortunately, this resistance is increasing at a very rapid rate due to changing lifestyles. Physical exercise could potentially contribute to prevention or delay of type II diabetes complications. This study focused on role of exercise in controlling skeletal muscle fibers changes due to type II diabetes. Forty adult male albino rats were used and divided into two groups: Group I [control group] included Ia and lb subgroups. Group II [diabetic group] included IIa, IIb subgroups. Type II diabetes was induced in group II by intake of 50% fructose solution for 8 weeks. In subgroups Ib and IIb, rats underwent an exercise swimming program for 4 weeks. In subgroup IIa, blood glucose level was elevated. Some muscle fibers appeared degenerated with homogeneous sarcoplasm and loss of striations. The mitochondrial content was decreased. With electron microscopy, mitochondria appeared pleomorphic and myofilaments were disrupted. In subgroup IIb, exercise greatly attenuated the histological changes seen in subgroup IIa. The skeletal muscle fibers had more or less similar appearance to control group. This work proved that exercise has a great role in controlling skeletal muscle structural changes due to type II diabetes

application of a recent technique for diagnosis of mycoplasma gallisepticum infection from migratory quail

Twenty two Mycoplasma isolates were recoverd from 120 Coturuix coturuix quails at Ismailia governorate. Identification and serotyping of these isolates revealed 9 M. gallisepticum [MG], 8M. gallinarum, and 5M. pullorum. Experimental infection was designed where 10 chicks [one week old] were inoculated intranasally with 0.2 ml 10[7] CFU/ml M. gallisepticum isolated from quails, 10 chicks were inoculated with M. gallisepticum S6 strain and 10 chicks were considered as control negative. Post mortem [PM] lesions were milder in chicks inoculated with M. gallisepticum isolated from quail compared to those inoculated with M. gallisepticum S6 strain and presented by congested lungs and liver, turbidity, and thickening of air sacs. Histopathological examination showed that the lungs of chicks infected with M. gallisepticum isolated from quail showed oedema with mononuclear leucocytic inflammatory cells infiltration in the interlobular connective tissue stroma. The grade of histopathological examination of tracheas of chicks infected with M.G. isolated from quail showed local lymphoid cell aggregation of leucocytic inflammatory cells in the lamina propria underneath the epithelial mucosa was mild. Mycoplasma gallisepticum could be reisolated and identified from challenged. Serologic antibody response was less in sera of chicks infected with M. gallisepticum isolated from quails. Polymerase chain reaction confirmed that the Mycoplasma isolates were M. gallisepticum

Histological study on the effect of calcium supplementation in prophylaxis and treatment of osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats

With the onset of menopause, reduced estrogen levels and insufficient calcium in diet create serious problems with resultant osteoporosis and fractures. Recent moves away from hormone replacement therapy suggested calcium, as the simplest and cheapest strategies to treat and prevent osteoporosis. Accordingly, this study was carried out to focus histologically on the efficacy of calcium in the treatment and prevention of osteoporotic bone loss in ovariectomized rats. Forty adult female albino rats weighing 200 gm were used and divided into four groups. Group I [control group] included non-ovariectomized untreated rats. Group II rats were ovariectomized on day 1 of the experiment and sacrificed on day 30 after ovariectomy. Group III rats were ovariectomized on day 1 of the experiment and received 27 mg calcium carbonate daily from day 30 to day 60 and then sacrificed. Group IV rats received the same dose of calcium carbonate daily for 30 days prior to ovariectomy and for 30 days after it. The rats were ovariectomized on day 30. Group II animals showed marked decrease in the cortical bone thickness and bone trabeculae were thin and discrete. In group III animals, the decrease in cortical and trabecular bone thickness was mild. Regarding group IV, the bone architecture was maintained so that the cortical bone, and the bone trabeculae were more or less comparable to the control group. From the results of this work, it is concluded that calcium supplementation was effective in reduction and prevention of osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats

occult ENT hazards in ICU patients

The comatosed patient is a disabled subject. The defense reflexes [e.g. sneezing and coughing] are impaired. Most of the care is directed towards the vital signs, blood gases monitoring and care of chest. The aim of this study is to detect the possible hazards that affect the upper respiratory tracts of comatosed ICU patients to reach useful conclusions for the E.N.T. care needed for them to avoid these hazards. Our study was done upon 34 comatosed ICU patients. We found that sinusitis, mainly caused by Gram-ve bacteria and anaerobes, was a common complication [50%], mostly the maxillary sinus. Tympanogram type B, indicating M.E.E, was a common finding [24%]. Nasal intubation increased the incidence of sinusitis and MEE markedly, and was mostly on the ipsilateral side. Laryngotracheal complications were found in 12 [35%] cases, and the most frequent complication was tracheal stenosis then vocal cord granuloma and immobility. All cases with laryngotracheal complications were having endotracheal intubation [nasal or oral] especially when two intubations [gastric and endotracheal] were present in the same patient. The incidence of sinusitis, MEE,and laryngotracheal complications were significantly correlated with the duration of intubation, nasal and/or throat colonization on admission, pneumonia and association of general diseases. This study showed that daily E.N. T. examination is mandatory for ICU patients for the early detection of complications. The sinusitis and pneumonia were mostly caused by Gram-ve bacilli and anaerobes and this must be met with the proper antibiotics. CT scan on the nose and paranasal sinuses is mandatory on admission and serially thereafter for the early detection and treatment of hidden sinusitis. Oral intubation is preferred nasal intubation, avoid high-pressure cuff, avoid endotracheal reintubation if possible, the intubation must be as shorter as possible and avoid double intubation in the same patient [endotracheal and gastric]. Tracheostomy is preferred [in the first 7 days], tympanometry are mandatory to detect Eustachian tube obstruction, MEE or infection. Serial PH monitoring of the pharynx, for early detection of gastro-esophageal reflux, is essential and the ICU staff must be aware of the occult E.N.T. hazards of coma

Effect of some antimicrobials on endotoxin release in gram-negative sepsis

This study was conducted on seven groups of rats: Group 1 included a normal control group, group 2 included E. coli infected untreated rats, group 3 included infected, cefotaxime-treated [90 mg/kg] rats, group 4 included infected, gentamicin-treated [7.2 mg/kg], group 5 included infected, clindamycin-treated [27 mg/kg], group 6 included infected, cefotaxime- and clindamycin-treated rats and group 7 included infected, gentamicin- and clindamycin-treated rats. In all groups, mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate, temperature and lethality percentage were measured and blood samples were collected at 0, 3, 6, 12 and 24 hours from the antimicrobial injection. While, blood cell [WBCs] count, tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-alpha], interleukin-6 [IL-6] and erythropoietin plasma levels were measured. It was concluded that antimicrobials resulting in lower amounts of free endotoxin may be more efficacious in treating Gram-negative sepsis. Also, in order to reduce the mortality during treatment of sepsis by Gram-negative E. Coli, a focus should be done on both reduction of endotoxin production and killing of bacteria. Regimen with the combination of bactericidal antimicrobial and a protein synthesis inhibitor, which offers the advantage of potent antimicrobial activity with an inhibition of endotoxin synthesis, may be an alternative to therapy by antimicrobial producing large amounts of endotoxin during its bactericidal action

Antioxidant micronutrients in children with thalassaemia in Egypt

Repeated blood transfusions in patients with thalassaemia subject them to peroxidative tissue injury by secondary iron overload. To study the relationship between iron overload and antioxidant micronutrient status among children with thalassaemia, we measured serum levels of vitamins A and E, zinc, selenium, and copper in 64 children with beta-thalassaemia major and 63 age- and sex-matched controls. All of these elements were significantly lower in the thalassaemic children compared with controls. There was a highly significant inverse correlation between serum ferritin and serum retinol levels, and significant inverse correlations between serum iron and retinol and between serum iron and selenium. Serum ferritin showed a significant positive correlation with duration of chelation and transfusion treatments. Ways are needed to counteract this oxidative damage and its deleterious effect on the prognosis of thalassaemia

Detection of different bacteria causing decreased hatchability in turkey ecgs

A total of 360 eggs collected from turkey farms, from low fertility and low hatchability, were examined for both Mycoplasma and egg borne bacterial diseases. Fresh fertile eggs revealed the recovery of Mycoplasma meleagridis [50%] and Salmonella typhimurium [20%]. From non-fertile eggs, Mycoplasma iowae [50%], Mycoplasma gallopavonis [25%] were isolated. No bacteria were recovered from the non-fertile eggs. From dead embryos several Mycoplasma species were isolated viz., Mycoplasma iowae [25%], Mycoplasma meleagridis [25%] and Mycoplasma gallopuvonis [25%]. Mixed infection with coliforms were isolated from all the internal contents of the eggs and dead embryos

Diagnostic and treating trials for mycoplasmosis with emphasis on chemical analysis of blood components

Experimental infection of chicks with Mycoplasma gallisepticum and M. gallisepticum and M. synoviae was assessed to study the influence of infection on blood glucose and cholesterol levels as method of diagnosis. Infection with mycoplasma [reference and field strains] resulted in increase of serum glucose and cholesterol levels which returned to their normal levels after treatment with Kitamox

organic and inorganic substances in different types of urolithiasis

Serum and urinary uric acid, calcium and phosphorus besides urinary citric acid were estimated by colorimetric methods in 15 control subjects and 27 stone formers who were classified according to the type of their stones to the following groups [a] 15 cases with calcium oxalate stones, either pure or mixed with calcium phosphate and / or uric acid, [b] 6 cases with pure uric acid stone, and [c] 6 cases with magnesium ammonium phosphate stones either pure or mixed with ammonium urate. The data revealed that the urinary excretion of uric acid, calcium and phosphorus were within the normal range, while the urinary excretion of citric acid was significantly decreased in the three groups. This decrement could be due to impairment of kidney functions and /or bacterial infection. The serum levels were almost normal except few cases in the calcium oxalate group who showed hypocalcaemia

Insulin bioavailability and glycemic time response to porcine, bovine and human regular insulin in the management of insulin dependent diabetes

One of the major difficulties in maintaining normoglycemia in patients with insulin-dependent diabetics relates to the failure of subcutaneous injections to duplicate or simulate the normal release from the pancreas. The raid surge in circulating insulin with nutrient intake is very difficult to achieve even with well-timed preprandial injections of regular insulin. It was attempted to compare the bioavailability of the various regular insulin preparations [porcine, bovine and human] after stabilizing the various factors that might be involved in the process of insulin absorption and delivery. There was no statistically significant difference in the glycemic control for each patient and for the patients collectively when porcine, bovine or human insulin were used [P >0.05], neither was there any difference in the free insulin level with the three preparations [P >0.05]. The most repair glucose response was observed with human insulin peaking in less than 2 hours. Response to porcine and bovine insulin were more delayed 3 and 4 hours, respectively. The hypoglycemic and free insulin time responses to human insulin bears the closest relation to the normal insulin response curve. If bovine or porcine preparations are to be used, preprandial injections should be properly timed

Non-A, non-B viral hepatitis in Egypt

A study was carried out on 200 patients of ages 20-40 years suffering from acute viral hepatitis. Sera were tested for markers of hepatitis B [HBsAg, and IgM anti-HBc] and hepatitis A [IgM-anti-HAV] by the ELISA technique. Sera negative for the markers of both viruses: Hepatitis A [HAV] and Hepatitis B [HBV] were subsequently tested for IGM Heterophil antibodies against Epstein-Barr virus [EBV] by the Monospot slide test to diagnose acute infectious mononucleosis and tested for anti-CMV [IgM] by ELISA technique for the diagnosis of acute Cytomegalovirus [CMV] infection. Non-A, non-B hepatitis [NANB] was diagnosed by exclusion. The results of the study showed that 133 [66.5%] patients had evidence of HBV infection, while only 9 [4.5%] were diagnosed as HAV infection. EBV and CMV were the possible etiological agents of acute viral hepatitis in [3.5%] and [1%] respectively. Accordingly the Non-A, non-B hepatitis in this study amounts to [24.5%] of the acute viral hepatitis