Growth performance and some haematological parameters of ornamental striped catfish [Pangasianodon hypophthalmus] fed on dietary nucleotide

The effects of dietary nucleotide [NT] on growth performance and some haematological parameters of striped catfish [Pangasianodon hypophthalmus] were investigated. Different levels of the NT [0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1%] in the diet were used for 10 weeks starting on the fish weighted [1.52 +/- 0.11 g]. The results showed that NT supplementations did not improve final weight, weight gain, food conservation ratio as well as specific growth rates of striped catfish [P>0.05]. Among all growth evaluated parameters, only the condition factor was significantly improved in fish fed on 0.75 and 1% of NT in comparison to control [P<0.05]. There were no significant differences in hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean erythrocytic hemoglobin, mean erythrocytic volume, and mean erythrocytic hemoglobin concentration, white blood cell [WBC] counts and WBC/RBC ratio among fish fed on dietary nucleotide and control diet [P>0.05]. However, some significant fluctuations were observed in the haematological parameters within groups of fish fed on different levels of NT [P<0.05]. The results showed that feeding striped catfish with commercial NT had very limited effect on growth parameters and some haematological characteristics. Key words: Weight gain, Dietary component, Blood indices, Fresh water catfish

[ comparison study of depression between hemodialsis patients and renal transplant recipients]

Depression is the fourth most disabling disease affecting people worldwide. It is also the most common psychological disorder among patients with end-stage renal disease [ESRD]. The present study aimed to assess and compare the depression level between hemodialysis patients and rental transplant recipients. A cross sectional study was conducted to recruit 180 patients [61 hemodialysis patients and 47 renal transplant recipients] during 1383-84 in Sanandaj city. Depression level was measured using the Beck depression scale [BDI]. All statistics were computed by the SPSS.win software using chi-square and t-tests. The mean age of hemodialysis patients and renal transplantation patients was 47.4+/-15.5 and 39.9+/-9.7 years respectively which was significantly different [P<0.003]. Male and female participants didn't show any significant difference in their depression level. A total of %93 of hemodialysis patients were depressed [mild to severe] compare to 56% in renal transplantation patients. Severe depression was found among%16.4 of hemodialysis patients and%6.4 of renal transplant recipients. Difference of depression level between these two groups were statistically significant [P<0.000]. There were no significant difference between the level of depression and demographic factors of age, gender, marital status and education. The study revealed high rate of depression among hemodialysis patients and renal transplantation recipients which was much higher in the first group. Benefiting self-administrative test of BDI could prevent us mixing up the symptoms of ESRD with depression during assessing and screening depressed patients. Therefore, it offers a simple and economical method to diagnose and treat their depression among on time among

Effect of Isotonic and Isometric Exercise Box on muscular Cramping pain During Hemodialysis

Muscle cramp is one of the common complications of hemodialysis. Muscular contractions, called cramps, typically occurs in the lower extremities. The three most important predisposing factors are [a] hypotension, [b] low dry weight, and [c] use of low sodium dialysis solution. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of isotonic and isometric exercises on the frequency and intensity of hemodialysis induced cramps. This was a clinical trial study and included 35 patients who had experienced, at least one episode of muscle cramp during hemodialysis and at the interval between two dialysis. In a period of 2 weeks severity of pain due to muscular cramp before and after exercise was recorded. Then isometric and isotonic exercises, recommenced by a consultant physiotherapist, was planned and performed by the patients for 2 weeks. The same variables again were assessed for 2 weeks. Data were analyzed by means of paired T- test, wilcoxon and correlate bivariate Pearson using SPSS win soft ware. The severity and frequency of dialysis induced muscular cramps significantly decreased during and between 2 dialyses [p<0.001]. While all the patients had experienced at least one episode of muscular cramp; after the exercise muscular cramps occurred with less severity during dialysis in 48.5% and at the interval between 2 dialyses in 16.1% of the subjects. Isotonic and isometric exercises can prevent and decrease muscular cramping pain in the dialysis patients

[Psychometric properties and factor structure of general health questionnaire 28 [GHQ-28] in Iranian psychiatric patients]

The aim of this survey was to assess psychometric properties of GHQ-28 in Iranian psychiatric population and appropriating it as a screening instrument for assessing general health in this population. This was a psychometric study executed on 80 psychiatric patients and 80 matched normal participants. The assessments consisted of a psychiatrist's interview based on DSM.four criteria, and administration of GHQ-28 and a demographic questionnaire. Data was analyzed using factor, discrimination and regression analysis methods, as well as Pearson's correlation co-efficient, Spearman- Brown's and Guttmann's split tests. Four factors were extracted from the GHQ-28, of which the first three explained the most percenttage of variance. Clinical cut-off point, sensitivity, specificity and classification error were found to be 24, 0.80, 0.99, 0.10 respectively. Criterion validity Chronbach's alpha and split reliability co-efficient were found to be 0.78, 0.97 and 0.90 respectively. Factor analysis revealed that the four factors which are the basics in this questionnaire have a high internal consistency. The calculated optimal clinical cut-off point for screening general health in Iranian population was 24 which ensure optimal psychometric indices. Coefficients of criterion validity, structural validity and reliability showed that GHQ-28 is one of the most valid instruments for screening general health