Comparison of medication adherence in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a pre and post study

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus refers to a group of heterogeneous disorders with the common elements of chronic hyperglycemia. Diabetes medications play a crucial role in lowering blood sugar levels. The study aims to compare medication adherence in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus from urban and rural areas during pre and post visit. Methods: This pre and post-study was conducted from March to August 2022. A total of 104 participants were enrolled. Details have been obtained through data collection form. Medication adherence was measured using Hill-Bone medication adherence scale, and patient education was provided through leaflet. Results: The study included 54 females and 50 males. The correlation between medication adherence versus disease knowledge and drug knowledge was found out using Pearson’s correlation and the result is statistically significant. The medication adherence was found to be increased by 17.3% and 21.2% in rural and urban areas respectively. Inadequate follow-up and financial barriers were most accounted for medication non-adherence. Conclusions: The majority of type 2 diabetes patients have suboptimal treatment adherence which is associated with poor blood sugar control. We clinical pharmacists can tackle this problem of adherence through quality patient education.

Updates on the Association between Obesity and Migraine: Systematic Review of Observational Studies

There are conflicting results from several studies that assessed the risk of migraine headaches in obese people. This systematic review aimed to investigate the most recent research on the relationship between migraine and obesity as well as potential mechanisms. A search was performed in PubMed, Science Direct, SCOPUS, EBSCO, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. The Rayyan QCRI was employed to screen the articles before a full-text assessment was implemented. A total of fifteen studies with 28128 patients were included in this review. All of the reviewed studies showed that obesity increased the frequency of migraine attacks, the sensitivity to pain, the severity of migraines, and the self-efficacy in headache management. According to two studies, individuals under the age of 50 are more likely to exhibit these certain clinical traits. Recent evidence confirms the association between obesity and more frequent and severe migraine attacks. Some studies also reported that this is more common among obese people aged 50 years and below.

Pattern of skeletal metastasis in breast cancer patients of northern part of Bangladesh

Background: Breast cancer is the most frequent female cancer, especially in 'developed' countries. 30-85% of metastatic breast cancer patients will develop bone metastases during the course of the disease. The study was aimed to evaluate the pattern of skeletal metastasis in breast cancer patients with whole body bone scan using 99mTechnetium methyl diphosphonate (99m'Tc-MDP). Methods: This single center based retrospective observational study was conducted among the histopathologically proven breast cancer patients referred to INMAS, Rangpur for 99m'Tc-MDP bone scintigraphy between March 2015 and March 2019. Bone scan was done with SPECT digital dual head gamma camera (Siemens S series) 3 hours after intravenous bolus injection of 20 mci99mI'c-MDP. Results: Out of total 300 patients, 120 (40%) patients were found secondaries in bones. Among them 80(66.7%) had only axial skeletal metastases and 15 (12.5%) had appendicular skeletal metastases. Both axial and appendicle skeletal metastases were found in 25 (20.8%) patients. Conclusion: Thoraco-lumbar spine was the most common site of involvement in our study.

Óleos encapsulados: perfil de ácidos graxos e contaminação por hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos / Encapsulated oils: fatty acid profile and contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Os óleos vegetais encapsulados podem ser extraídos a frio e ter como origem fontes não convencionais, reconhecidos por preservarem compostos bioativos característicos e, alguns deles, serem fontes de ácidos graxos essenciais. No entanto, são produtos geralmente onerosos e por este motivo, passíveis de adulteração com óleos de menor qualidade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a identidade e a contaminação por hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos (HPAs) de óleos encapsulados. Foram avaliadas catorze amostras, de diferentes tipos e marcas, comercializadas na cidade de São Paulo. Os ensaios realizados incluíram perfil de ácidos graxos e HPAs [benzo(a)antraceno, criseno, benzo(b)fluoranteno e benzo(a)pireno]. Duas amostras (14%) foram consideradas insatisfatórias quanto aos perfis de ácidos graxos, incluindo óleos de coco e borragem. Quanto aos HPAs, as concentrações parao benzo(a)pireno variaram de

Productive characteristics in dairy buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) in the Eastern Amazon / Características produtivas em búfalos leiteiros (Bubalus bubalis) na Amazônia

The objective of this study was to determine factors affecting phenotypic characteristics related to milk production and reproductive efficiency of dairy buffalo. Phenotypic records of 2,459 Murrah, Mediterranean and crossbred buffaloes from the Embrapa Eastern Amazônia herd, from 1969 to 2013 were used. Traits included: total milk production during lactation (TMP), milk production corrected for 305 days (P305); cow weight at calving (CW), fat milk percentage (F), age at first calving (AFC), calving interval (CI), calf birth weight (BW), as well as lactation (LP) and service periods (SP). Most traits were affected by genetic group as well as year and season or interaction between them. Genetic group affected F, CI, SP and CW. Very young and older cows showed poorer production traits. There was interaction between season and year for F, CI and CW. Correlations traits were generally medium to low. The principal component analysis showed that higher fat milk percentage was associated with higher percentage of Murrah breed, longer lactation period and older cows. Phenotypic characteristics in buffaloes reared in the Brazilian Amazon were significantly affected by genetic and management factors. This information can be used to help build sustainable production systems for the region and guide farmer decisions.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar os fatores que afetam as características fenotípicas relacionadas à produção de leite e a eficiência reprodutiva de búfalas leiteiras. Foram utilizados os registros fenotípicos de 2.459 búfalas das raças Murrah, Mediterrâneo e seus cruzamentos do rebanho da Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, de 1969 a 2013. As características incluídas foram: produção total de leite durante a lactação (PTL), produção de leite corrigida para 305 dias (P305), peso da búfala ao parto (PV), percentual de gordura do leite (G), idade ao primeiro parto (IPP), intervalo entre partos (IP), peso do bezerro ao nascimento (PN), assim como os períodos de lactação (PL) e de serviço (PS). A maioria das características foi afetada pelo grupo genético, bem como pelo ano e pela estação ou pela interação entre eles. O grupo genético afetou o G, IP, PS e PV. Búfalas muito jovens e mais velhas mostraram características de produção mais baixas. Houve interação entre estação e o ano para G, IP e PV. As correlações entre as características foram geralmente de médias a baixas. A análise de componentes principais mostrou que a maior porcentagem de gordura no leite foi associada com a maior porcentagem de sangue Murrah, com o maior período de lactação e com búfalas mais velhas. As características fenotípicas das búfalas criadas na Amazônia brasileira foram significativamente afetadas por fatores genéticos e de manejo. Essas informações podem ser usadas para ajudar a construir sistemas de produção sustentáveis para a região e orientar as decisões dos produtores.(AU)

Interação genótipo x ambiente sobre o desempenho ponderal de animais da raça Nelore na região Centro-Oeste / Genotype environment interaction on the weight gain of animals of the Nelore breed in the Midwest

Utilizaram-se registros de pesos corporais padronizados aos 120, 210, 365 e 450 dias de idade, provenientes de 30.481 animais da raça Nelore, progênies de 211 reprodutores acasalados com 19.229 matrizes, oriundos de rebanhos dos estados de Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul e Goiás, com o objetivo de avaliar a presença de interação genótipo x ambiente entre os estados. As estimativas de herdabilidade entre os estados variaram de 0,09 a 0,14; 0,11 a 0,17; 0,16 a 0,27 e 0,17 a 0,35, respectivamente, para os pesos 120, 210, 365 e 450 dias de idade. As estimativas de correlação genética aditiva entre a mesma característica para os diferentes estados apresentaram valores inferiores a 0,80. As correlações de Spearman entre os valores genéticos para os pesos corporais se reduziram à medida que se aumentou a intensidade de seleção sobre os reprodutores. A presença de interação genótipo x ambiente causa maior impacto sobre a avaliação genética dos reprodutores sob intensidade de seleção elevada, sendo interessante sua consideração no processo de avaliação genética. Estimativas de tendências genéticas para todos os pesos corporais apresentaram-se crescentes ao longo dos anos nos três estados.(AU)

Data of adjusted alive weights at 120, 210, 365 and 450 days of age of 30,481 records of animals of the Nellore beef cattle breed from herds of states of Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, and Goiás were used to study the influence of environment genotype interaction on genetic evaluation of sires. Estimates of heritability between the states ranged from 0.09 to 0.14; 0.11 to 0.17; 0.16 to 0.27 and 0.17 to 0.35, respectively for live weights 120, 210, 365 and 450 days of age. The estimates of additive genetic correlation between the same characteristic for the different states presented values lower than 0.80. Spearman correlations between breeding values obtained from live weights of sires lowered as the intensity of selection on sires increased. The presence of environment genotype interaction has greater impact on the genetic evaluation of breeding under high intensity of selection, being an interesting consideration in the process of genetic evaluation. Estimates of genetic trends for all body weights have been increasing over the years in all three states.(AU)

Genetic evaluation of milking buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis): bull ranking / Avaliação genética de búfalas leiteiras (Bubalus bubalis): classificação de touros

The objective of this study was to evaluate genetic aspects related to production and reproductive efficiency of Murrah and Mediterranean buffaloes and their crosses. A ranking of bulls from Embrapa Eastern Amazonia was also composed to guide assisted mating. Birth records of 2,322 Murrah, Mediterranean, and crossbred buffaloes from the Embrapa Eastern Amazon herd, from 1953 to 2013, as well as information on production and reproductive traits were used. Genetic analyzes were performed in the WOMBAT software using the animal model with two-trait analysis. While heritability (h2) for total milk production (TMP) and fat milk percentage (F) were generally high, for reproductive traits h2 tended to be low. Genetic correlations for TMP with the other traits were low and negative, except for TMP with calving interval (CI) and service period (SP) in the Mediterranean breed and with age at first calving (AFC) and SP in crossbred, which were positive and high. Bull 1001 had high predicted transmitting ability (PTA) for TMP, so it should transmit a greater volume of milk to his offspring, although it had a lower PTA for F. There was sufficient variability within the herd to work with genetic management for both production and reproductive efficiency.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os aspectos genéticos relacionados à produção e à eficiência reprodutiva de búfalas das raças Murrah, Mediterrâneo e suas cruzas. Uma classificação de touros da Embrapa Amazônia Oriental também foi composta para orientar os cruzamentos assistidos. Foram utilizados 2.322 registros de nascimento de búfalas das raças Murrah, Mediterrâneo e cruzadas do rebanho da Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, de 1953 a 2013, bem como características produtivas e reprodutivas. As análises genéticas foram realizadas pelo software Wombat, utilizando-se o modelo animal com análise de duas características. Enquanto a herdabilidade (h 2 ) para a produção total de leite (PTL) e para a porcentagem de gordura (G) foi alta, para as características reprodutivas a h 2 tendeu a ser baixa. As correlações genéticas da PTL com as demais características foram baixas e negativas, exceto para a PTL com intervalo entre partos (IP) e período de serviço (PS) na raça Mediterrâneo e com idade ao primeiro parto (IPP) e PS nas cruzadas, que foram positivas e altas. O touro 1001 apresentou alta capacidade de transmissão predita (CTP) para a PTL, então deve transmitir um maior volume de leite para seus descendentes, embora com um menor conteúdo transmissível de CTP para G. Portanto, existe variabilidade suficiente dentro do rebanho para trabalhar com o manejo genético para a produção e a eficiência reprodutiva.(AU)

Modelos de regressão aleatória para características de crescimento de bovinos da raça Nelore do estado de Mato Grosso / Random regression models to traits of growth in the Nellore breed in Mato Grosso state

Foram utilizados 138.976 registros de informações de pesos corporais variando de 60 a 610 dias de idade, provenientes de 27.327 animais da raça Nelore, oriundos de rebanhos do estado do Mato Grosso, com o objetivo de descrever a variabilidade genética e estimar parâmetros genéticos para o peso corporal em diferentes idades, utilizando-se modelos de regressão aleatória. O modelo empregado incluiu efeitos fixos de grupo de contemporâneos e idade da vaca ao parto como covariáveis, além de efeitos aleatórios genético aditivo direto, genético materno, ambiente permanente de animal, ambiente permanente materno e efeito de ambiente temporário. O modelo de regressão aleatória mais adequado foi o que empregou função de covariância com polinômios de quarta ordem para descrição da variabilidade de todos os efeitos e duas classes de variância residual. As estimativas de variância genética aditiva direta e de ambiente permanente de animal aumentaram com a idade dos animais. As variâncias genética materna e de ambiente permanente materno exibiram comportamento semelhante, com maiores valores na fase de aleitamento. Os coeficientes de herdabilidade estimados variam de 0,25 a 0,43, com maiores valores nas idades mais avançadas na trajetória de crescimento dos animais. Esses resultados indicaram presença de variabilidade genética suficiente para obtenção de ganho genético expressivo por meio da seleção, principalmente após desmama. Os resultados encontrados para a correlação genética aditiva direta exibiram baixas correlações entre pesos nas idades iniciais e finais, porém pesos altamente correlacionados entre idades mais próximas. As correlações genéticas estimadas entre os pesos da desmama com os pesos até 610 dias de idade foram altas e positivas e indicam que os genes responsáveis por maiores pesos nesse período, em sua maioria, são os mesmos.

In this study 138,976 records of live weight between 60 to 610 days of age, from 27,327 Nellore cattle breed, from herds in Mato Grosso State were used in order to describe the genetic variability and to estimate genetic parameters for the live weight at different ages, using random regression models. The model included the fixed effects of contemporary group and age of cow at calving as covariate, random effects of direct additive genetic, maternal genetic, animal and maternal permanent environmental and temporary environment effect. The most appropriate random regression model employed the covariance function with fourth order polynomials to describe the variability of all effects and two residual variance classes. Estimates of direct additive genetic variance and animal permanent environment increased with the age of the animals. Maternal genetic variances and maternal permanent environment exhibited similar behavior, with higher values in pre weaning. The estimated heritability coefficients ranged from 0.25 to 0.43, with higher values at older ages in the growth trajectory of the animals. These results showed the presence of sufficient genetic variability to obtain significant genetic gain through selection, especially after weaning. The results for the direct additive genetic correlation exhibited low correlations between weights in initial and final ages, however, highly correlated weights between nearest ages. Genetic correlation estimates between weaning with weights up to 610 days of age were high and positive and indicate that most of the genes responsible for higher weights in this period are the same.

Effects of cysteamine during in vitro maturation on viability and meiotic competence of vitrified buffalo oocytes

The aims of the present study were to assess the effects of cysteamine as an anti-oxidant on the rate of in vitro maturation [IVM] of buffalo oocytes [experiment 1], and their viability and nuclear status following vitrification [experiment 2]. Immature oocytes with compact cumulus cells obtained from the ovaries of slaughtered animals were harvested and then cultured in the maturation medium with no cysteamine [control] or 50 microM cysteamine [treated]. Oocytes were vitrified in vitrification solution 1 [VS1]: 1.5 M ethylene glycol [EG] + 1.5 M dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO] for 45 s [step one]. After this initial exposure, oocytes were transferred to VS2: 3 M EG + 3 M DMSO in a holding medium for 25 s [step two]. After warming, oocytes were evaluated morphologically and then cultured for a further 2 h in the cysteamine-supplemented or control maturation media. The oocytes were evaluated morphologically, stained with trypan blue for viability evaluation. The maturation rate of oocytes was higher [P<0.05] for IVM media with cysteamine compared with controls. There was no significant difference in morphology, survivability and maturation rate between the two vitrification groups [cysteamine-treated and untreated groups] but the morphology, survivability and percentages of metaphase-II oocytes in both groups of vitrified oocytes were lower compared with their respective controls. In conclusion, the addition of cysteamine to the maturation medium improved nuclear maturation of buffalo oocytes but had no positive effect on their cryoresistance during vitrification

Connaissances et pratiques des hommes en âge de procréer sur la contraception moderne dans la commune de Boghé, Mauritanie

Introduction : La mortalité maternelle reste élevée dans la République Islamique de Mauritanie. L'Organisation Mondiale de la Santé recommande la promotion de la contraception moderne comme stratégie efficace de réduction de la réduction de la mortalité maternelle. L'objectif général était connaissances et pratiques des hommes en âge de procréer sur la contraception moderne dans la commune de Boghé, Mauritanie.Patients et méthodes : Il s'agissait d'une étude transversale, descriptive et analytique. La population d'étude était constituée par l'ensemble des hommes âgés d'au moins 18 ans vivants depuis au moins 3 mois dans de la commune de Boghé. Un sondage à deux degrés a été effectué. L'analyse multivariée et la régression logistique simple étaient utilisées grâce au logiciel R 2.2.9 pour identifier les caractéristiques qui influençaientla non-utilisation de la contraception moderne.Résultats : La taille de l'échantillon était de 384 hommes en âge de procréer. L'âge moyen des hommes en âge de procréer était de 42,1 ± 9,5 ans. Ils avaient entendu parler de la contraception moderne dans 70,3% des cas). Ils étaient informés par leurs parents/amis (76%), la radio (32%), leurs conjointes (18%), les services de santé (8%) et la télévision /journaux (5%). Les mariés, utilisaient une méthode contraceptive au sein du couple dans 9,4% des cas. Parmi eux, pour 80% leurs femmes utilisaient la pilule, un contraceptif injectable (14,3%) et des implants (5,7%). Le déterminant de la non-utilisation de méthodes contraceptives modernes était le manque d'informations relatives à la contraception moderne (OR ajusté = 8,13 (1,9-34,72)). Conclusion : Face à cette situation, il importe aux autorités sanitaires de Boghé de mener des activités de sensibilisation relatives à la contraception moderne tout en impliquant les hommes en vue de soutenir leurs conjointes à utuliser les produits contraceptifs modernes

Cure of post Kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis with paromomycin/sodium stibogluconate combination: a proof of concept.

Background: Post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) is a recognized dermatologic complication of successfully treated visceral leishmaniasis (VL). PKDL lesions are suspected to be important reservoirs for VL transmission in Sudan. Prolonged treatment schedules, feeling of general well-being and the social stigmata of PKDL prevent most patients seeking treatment. The mainstay of treatment is cardiotoxic sodium stibogluconate (SSG) for 60-120 days. Recently, liposomal amphotericin B (Ambisome®) and immunochemotherapy gave promising results. Ambisome® is expensive and difficult to prepare under field conditions. Paromomycin/SSG combination has been shown to be safe, efficacious and can save time in VL treatment. This study aims to prove that Paromomycin/SSG combination can cure and reduce PKDL treatment duration. Methods: We are reporting nine cases of patients with PKDL lesions of ≥6 months duration who were diagnosed by clinical signs, histopathological/immunohistochemical and PCR. Results: Patients’ mean age was 11.7 ± 4.3 years. A third of the patients (3/9; 33.3%) who failed previous SSG treatment of 2-3 months duration responded completely to 40 days of paromomycin/SSG combination. The majority of patients (5/9; 55.6%) responded completely to 30 days of the combination. One patient (1/9; 11.1%) relapsed following 30 days paromomycin/SSG combination. Conclusion: It was concluded that paromomycin/SSG combination for 30 days is time-saving, safe and efficacious for PKDL treatment.

Morphological and SSR Assessment of Putative Drought Tolerant M3 and F3 Families of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

In an attempt to develop drought tolerant genotypes of bread wheat, two procedures, i.e., mutation and hybridization were used to induce new genetic variation. Selection for high grain yield/plant (GYPP) and other desirable traits was practiced in the M2 populations of 7 gamma irradiated genotypes and F2 populations of 15 diallel crosses among 6 genotypes of wheat under well watering (WW) and water stress (WS) conditions. Progenies of these selections (53 M3 and 109 F3 families) and their seven parents were evaluated in the field under WW and WS. Significant yield superiority of twelve families (7 M3 ’s and 5 F2 ’s) over their original and better parents, respectively under WS reached 74.71% (SF9). These putative drought tolerant families were assessed on the DNA level using SSR analysis. Fifteen SSR primers were used for PCR amplification of the genomic DNA of these 12 selections and their parents. The SSR analysis proved that the 12 families are genetically different from their 7 parents, with an average polymorphism of 86.67%. The genetic similarities (Gs) ranged from 30% to 88%. Both mutants SF3 and SF4 exhibited very low Gs (42 and 40%, respectively) with their common parent (Giza-168), indicating that gamma rays were very effective in changing the genetic background of Giza-168 towards high GYPP under WS conditions. SSR assay permitted the identification of seven unique bands (5 positive and 2 negative) for three drought tolerant wheat genotypes (SF3, SF4 and Aseel-5). These bands might be considered useful as markers associated with drought tolerance in bread wheat breeding programs.

Apport de l'IRM haut champ dans la prise en charge des cancers du col de l'uterus au Senegal

Objectifs: Decrire le profil des cancers du col de l'uterus au CHU de Fann avec une classification FIGO-IRM et situer l'interet de l'IRM dans la recidive post-operatoire. Patientes et Methode : Etude retrospective monocentrique ayant inclus 30 patientes dont 3 apres chirurgie. Les examens etaient realises avec une IRM de 1;5 Tesla. Des sequences ponderees en T2 dans les 3 plans etaient realisees suivies d'une sequence de diffusion dans le plan axial. Les sequences dynamiques en ponderation T1 etaient realisees dans le plan axial perpendiculaire au grand axe du col; avec saturation de la graisse avant et apres injection de gadolinium. La taille et le signal des tumeurs ont permis de faire une classification FIGO-IRM. La recherche de ganglions et de recidives post operatoires chez trois femmes a ete realisee.Resultats : L'age moyen des patientes etait de 45;7 ans (31 ans-70 ans). La taille moyenne des tumeurs etait de 6;25 cm (2 cm-15;2 cm). Le seuil des 4 cm etait depasse chez 92% des patientes. Toutes les lesions apparaissaient en hyposignal T1; avec restriction de la diffusion. Leur signal en T2 etait variable avec une predominance des lesions en hypersignal intermediaire (72%) et le rehaussement apres injection etait note dans 96% des cas. Le stade II B FIGO-IRM etait le plus representatif (56%) suivi du stade IV A (28%); soit une extension aux parametres dans 84% de cas. Des ganglions suspects etaient notes chez 60% des patientes. Une patiente presentait une recidive post operatoire.Conclusion : L'IRM est devenu quasi incontournable dans le bilan pre-therapeutique et la recherche de recidive post-operatoire des cancers du col de l'uterus dans notre CHU

Pneumoretroperitoneum, pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema after endoscopic submucosal dissection of a rectal lateral spreading tumor / Pneumorretroperitônio, pneumomediastino e enfisema subcutâneo após dissecção endoscópica da submucosa de lesão retal de crescimento lateral

Introduction: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is an already established procedure in the treatment of gastric and esophageal cancer in its early stages. Colorectal lesions, initially approached by endoscopic mucosal resection en bloc or in fragments, are the current focus for submucosal approach, especially for superficial lateral spreading tumor of 20 mm-diameter. The experience of Japanese centers, which are reference in therapeutic endoscopy, demonstrates reduction in the rate of disease recurrence with this approach and, according to specific histopathological criteria, may avoid colectomy in some cases of malignant neoplasia. Case report: The patient was 50-year-old female. She underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection of a rectal lateral spreading tumor measuring 50 mm, located 8 cm from the anal margin. The procedure was performed without major complications, with just two points for muscle layer detachment, without gross perforation and closed with metal clips. However, the patient developed air leakage to the peritoneum, retroperitoneum, mediastinum and subcutaneous tissue, being only treated with clinical procedures and without additional intervention. Conclusion: It is vital to know and be able to apply the technique of ESD, in addition to addressing its complications, since despite the numerous benefits compared to surgery, ESD can result in serious outcomes. (AU)

Introdução: A dissecção endoscópica da submucosa (ESD) já é procedimento consagrado no tratamento do câncer gástrico e esofagiano em suas fases precoces. As lesões colorre-tais, inicialmente abordadas por mucossectomia, em bloco ou em fragmentos, são o foco atual para a abordagem submucosa, principalmente para os tumores de crescimento lateral superficial a partir de 20 mm de diâmetro. A experiência de centros japoneses, referências em endoscopia terapêutica, demonstram redução no índice de recidiva da doença com esta abordagem e, segundo critérios histopatológicos específicos, podem evitar uma colectomia em alguns casos de neoplasia maligna. Relato de caso: Trata-se de paciente de 50 anos, submetida à dissecção endoscópica da submucosa de lesão de crescimento lateral, com 50 mm, localizada no reto, a 8 cm da margem anal. O procedimento foi realizado sem maiores intercorrências, com apenas dois pontos de afastamento da muscular, sem perfuração grosseira, fechados com clipe. Entretanto, a paciente evoluiu com escape aéreo para peritônio, retroperitônio, mediastino e subcútis, sendo tratada sem intervenção adicional, apenas com manejo clínico. Conclusão: É de fundamental importância conhecer e saber aplicar a técnica da ESD, além de abordar suas complicações, uma vez que, mesmo repleta de benefícios em relação à cirurgia, ela pode apresentar desfechos graves. (AU)

Off Pump CABG along with Resection of Giant Thymoma : A Case Report.

Coronary artery disease is the most common form of heart disease and the single most important cause of premature death world-wide. Thymomas are anterior mediastinal neoplasms, characterized by epithelial cells and lymphocytes. Although they are often encapsulated and well differentiated tumors, they can show local invasion, pleural invasion or extrathoracic metastasis. In this article, we report the case of a rare patient who underwent thymectomy along with off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

Place de la scintigraphie osseuse dans le bilan d'extension des metastases osseuses du cancer du sein au Senegal : etude preliminaire a propos de 40 cas

L'etude portait sur 40 patients dont l'age variait entre 26 et 84 ans avec une moyenne de 46;9 et un ecart type de 13 ans. Le cancer du sein droit predominait avec 62.5 contre 32.5 pour le sein gauche. Seul deux cas de cancer bilateral ont ete retrouves (5). Douze (12) patientes sur 40 presentaient une hyperfixation (30).Parmi ces dernieres; 11 presentaient des localisations multiples a type d'hyperfixations diffuses et focales (91;67 ) et 1 cas (8;33) avait une localisation unique et focale. Deux patientes (5) avaient une scintigraphie non contributive. La duree d'evolution du cancer etait inferieur ou egale a 3 ans dans 66;67 et superieure a 3 ans dans 33;33 avaient des fixations extra osseuses associees du radio-traceur.Les sites associes les plus frequents sont le poumon (40); le cour; la rate et l'estomac qui representait chacun (20)

Estimativas de herdabilidade e tendências genéticas para características de crescimento e reprodutivas em bovinos da raça Nelore / Estimates of heritability and genetic trends for growth and reproduction traits in Nelore cattle

Foram estimados os coeficientes de herdabilidade e a mudança genética para peso à desmama (PD), peso ao sobreano (PS), ganho de peso do nascimento à desmama (GND), ganho de peso da desmama ao sobreano (GDS), perímetro escrotal (PE) e idade ao primeiro parto (IPP) em animais da raça Nelore. Foram utilizados dados de 128.148 animais nascidos entre 1984 e 2006. Os componentes de variância foram estimados pelo método da máxima verossimilhança restrita, e os valores genéticos foram preditos por modelos mistos aplicando-se modelo animal bicaracterística, incluindo peso à desmama em todas as análises. As tendências genéticas foram estimadas pela regressão dos valores genéticos sobre o ano de nascimento dos animais. Os coeficientes de herdabilidade do efeito direto estimados foram de 0,23 (0,07) (PD); 0,24 (0,02) (PS); 0,21 (0,01) (GND); 0,23 (0,01) (GDS); 0,46 (0,02) (PE) e 0,15 (0,01) (IPP). As tendências genéticas diretas estimadas foram de 0,171 (0,01); 0,219 (0,02); 0,186 (0,03) e 0,224 (0,02) kg/ano para PD, PS, GND e GDS, respectivamente, o que representa incrementos de 0,10; 0,08; 0,13 e 0,22 por cento nas médias das mesmas características ao ano, respectivamente. Para o PE e a IPP no período de 1984 a 1995, as tendências genéticas foram nulas, com valores de 0,011 (0,03) cm/ano e -0,003 (0,06) dias/ano, respectivamente. No segundo período considerado (1996 a 2006), as tendências genéticas para PE e IPP foram de 0,069 (0,01) cm/ano e -3,024 (0,04) dias/ano, respectivamente, indicando melhorias consideráveis em tais características. Esses valores sugerem que características produtivas e reprodutivas, quando utilizadas como critério de seleção, proporcionam progresso genético no rebanho, sendo indicadas para seleção de animais da raça Nelore.

The heritability coefficients and genetic trends for weaning weight (WW), post-yearling weight (PW), average gains from birth to weaning (GBW), average gains from weaning to post-yearling (GWP), scrotal circumference (SC), and age at first calving (AFC) were estimated in Nelore cattle. Variance components and heritability coefficients were estimated by restricted maximum likelihood and breeding values were predicted fitting bivariate animal models, always including weaning weight. Data from 128,148 animals born from 1984 to 2006 were used. Genetic trends for each trait were estimated by regression of breeding values on the animal birth year. Heritability estimates for direct effect were 0.23 (0.07) for WW; 0.24 (0.02) for PW; 0.21 (0.01) for GBW; 0.23 (0.01) for GWP; 0.46 (0.02) for SC; and 0.15 (0.01) for AFC. The direct genetic trends were 0.171 (0.01); 0.219 (0.02); 0.186 (0.03); and 0.224 (0.02) kg per year, for WW, PW, GBW, and GWP, respectively, corresponding to increases of 0.10, 0.08, 0.13, and 0.22 percent in the means of the same traits per year, respectively. In the first period (1984 to 1995), the SC and AFC genetic trends were null, with values of 0.011 (0.03) cm/year and -0.003 (0.06) days/year, respectively. Moreover, in the other period (1996 to 2006), the genetic trends of SC and AFC were 0.069 (0.01) cm/year and -3.024 (0.04) days/year, respectively. These values suggest that productive and reproductive traits, when used as selection criteria, result in genetic progress of the herd. Thus, they are indicated for selection of Nelore cattle.

Antiviral activities of extracts and phenolic components of two Spondias species against dengue virus

In recent years, the search for natural plant products to fight viral diseases has been increasing. In this work, two Spondias species, namely S. mombin and S. tuberosa, found in Ceará state (Brazil), and their main phenolic components were evaluated against dengue virus. In vitro antiviral tests were performed against type-2 dengue virus by the MTT method and standard cytopathic effect reduction assay in C6/36 cells. Cytotoxicity was also evaluated by MTT. The presence of phenolic compounds quercetin, rutin, and ellagic acid in plant extracts was characterized by HPLC analysis. Both Spondias species extracts and components were nontoxic to the cells whereas rutin and quercetin displayed relevant antiviral activity with IC50 of 362.68 µg/mL and 500 µg/mL, respectively.

Rendimento, composição química e atividade antilisterial de óleos essenciais de espécies de Cymbopogon / Yield, chemical composition and antilisterial activity of essential oils from Cymbopogon species

Objetivou-se determinar o rendimento, a composição química e avaliar a atividade antilisterial dos óleos essenciais de Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf. (capim-limão) e Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle (capim-citronela), puros e em combinação. A obtenção dos óleos essenciais foi realizada a partir de folhas frescas, empregando-se a técnica de hidrodestilação e utilizando-se aparelho de Clevenger modificado. Os rendimentos foram calculados a partir da massa obtida na extração e da umidade do material vegetal. A análise qualitativa foi realizada por cromatografia em fase gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas e a avaliação dos teores dos constituintes químicos por cromatografia em fase gasosa com detector de ionização de chamas. O efeito bacteriostático de diferentes concentrações dos óleos essenciais, puros e em combinação, foi determinado pela técnica de difusão em ágar. As concentrações mínimas inibitórias (CMIs) foram utilizadas na determinação do tempo de ação bactericida. O rendimento, em base seca, foi de 1,39 por cento (v/p) para o óleo essencial de C. citratus e de 2,27 por cento (v/p) para o óleo essencial de C. nardus. Geranial e neral foram os constituintes majoritários do óleo essencial de C. citratus, enquanto, para C. nardus, foram citronelal, geraniol e citronelol. A maioria das concentrações utilizadas mostrou-se efetiva contra Listeria monocytogenes e observaram-se efeitos bactericidas nas CMIs. Óleos essenciais de C. citratus e C. nardus, puros e em combinação, constituem novas alternativas de antibacterianos naturais a serem utilizados no controle de L. monocytogenes na indústria de alimentos.

The aim of this study was to determine the yield and the chemical composition of essential oils from Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf. (lemongrass) and Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle (citronella), and to evaluate their antilisterial activity when pure and combined. The essential oils were obtained from fresh leaves through hydrodistillation by using a modified Clevenger-type device. Yield was calculated based on the extracted mass and the plant humidity. The qualitative analysis was done by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and the levels of the chemical components were detected by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector. The bacteriostatic effect of different concentrations of pure and combined essential oils was determined by the agar diffusion technique. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were used to determine the time of bactericidal action. The yield was 1.39 percent (v w-1 dry basis) for C. citratus essential oil and 2.27 percent (v w-1) for C. nardus essential oil. Geranial and neral were the major components of C. citratus essential oil, while citronellal, geraniol and citronellol were predominant in C. nardus oil. Most of the used concentrations were efficient against Listeria monocytogenes and bactericidal effects were observed for the MICs. Essential oils of C. citratus and C. nardus, pure and combined, constitute new alternatives of natural antibacterials for the control of L. monocytogenes in the food industry.

Response of sumflower [helianthus annuus l] to phosphorus and nitrogenfertilization under different plant spacing at new valley

This ivestigatton was carried out the New Vanlley agricultural Research Station during the summer growing seasons 2007 and 2008 under drip irrigation system to study the effect of pllosplIoms and nitrogen fewer lsvels and plant spacing on growth yfefd and geld cornponants of suntaower [var. Elza 102]. The plant spacing of 10, 20 and 30 cm were used for the*tudy. Qbosphoms a and d Nitrogen and vela were 15.22.5 and 30 kg ROs fed" and 30.45 and 60 kg N feB1, respectively. The heobtained results reveated that increasing phosphorus fertlllzer lewels from 15 to 30 kg P205 fed.' si@fbcmtly increased all parameters Wder study. Plant spacing had significant effects on swflower gsowthcbaaactedsMes. The highest plaat height seed and of1 yields kg Pet1 obtalnad'komamnaFfow spacing bebareen plants [10 om]. The ltigltest stern and head @meter, 100-seed weight, seed husk, oil% and seed yield per plant recorded at wide spacing [30 em]. Nitrogen application rnarRedly eeplhanced growth and yield, bat resulted in decrease in seed on percentage. Application of 60 kg N Ketl produced the Bighest seed and of1 yields fed1. Gonsidehg the superiodty of 30 kg ROs fed", 10 cm plant spacing and 60 kg N RIed1for seed and oil yleld, it appears that it could be reeomended for produchg desirable yield under the New Valley soils coaaditions