Bioequivalence study of two oral formulations of clarithromycin in human male subjects

To assess the bioequivalence of tablets formulations of Clarithromycin 500mg each of test and reference products. A single post oral dose of each formulation was given to 14 male healthy volunteers. The study was conducted phase 1, open-label, randomized, complete two- way crossover designed with 7 days wash out period. The plasma concentration of Clarithromycin was quantified by validated microbiological assay method. The precision of the method was evaluated using calibrated 14-hydroxyClarithromycin concentration was detected semi quantitatively as equivalent of Clarithromycin /ml. The peak plasma concentrations of [3.63 +/- 0.80 ug/ml] and [-3.31 +/- 0.35 ug/ml] was attained in about 1.42 hours and 1.49 hours for both test and reference Clarithromycin tablets respectively. The mean +/- SD values for total area under the curve [AUC] were 22.07 +/- 4.90 and 20.16 +/- 2.35 h.mg/L for both test and reference tablets respectively. This study indicated that the differences in all the bioequivalence parameters for test and reference Clarithromycin formulations are statistically non-significant; hence both formulations are considered bioequivalent

Determination of induced effect of pesticide chlopyrifos [organophosphate] on skin of Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis

Investigations were carried out on the effects of pesticide Chlorpyrifos [organophosphate] on skin of adult frogs of Euphlyctis cyanoplyctis. The effects of pesticide were observed on frog's skin during 90 days after the treatment. Study of skin cells was carried out by sectioning of fixed tissue by Paraffin Section Technique. The results obtained in the long-term experiment showed that under the effects of chlorpyrifos sections examined reveal skin covered fibrocollagenous tissue exhibiting areas of necrosis and aggregate of mild chronic inflammation, pigment containing basal keratinocytes were identified in epidermis. Variable size measured fibers with degenerated and regenerative changes also noted. A few fiber stain internalization took place in collection of chronic and non stapile inflammatory cells along with tissue necrosis. Chronic granulomatous inflamation is not identified. However, histolytic collision has been found. No evidence of malignancy was observed

Potency disorder among pathans

In a working class industrial area of Karachi hundred consecutive Pathans presenting to a family physician with potency disorder were examined. After exclusion of those with structural or drug related conditions, a structured proforma was introduced. Their presentation, associated symptoms and background pointed to masked depression and lack of sex education. Symptoms of anxiety were noticed in 49% and depressive features in 43%. The guilt feelings were reinforced by Hakims and lay literature which stress more on masturbation [79%] and spermatorrhoea [60%] and not extra-marital intercourse [52%] or bestiality [39%]