Prevalence of ureaplasmas in the genitalia of cattle and buffaloes in Egypt

The total recovery rate of U. diversum from vaginal samples obtained from animals suffering from reproductive disorders was 24.46% from cattle and 25.00% from buffaloes. Yet the incidence was varied individually according to the reproductivity status of examined animals. While the colonization rate from cattle in the following order; vaginitis [33.33%], cervicitis [25.80%], endometritis [33.33%], repeat breeding animals [22.44%], anestrum [7.14%], abortion [0.00%] pregnant [20.20%] and apparently normal cyclic animals [26.15%]. In buffaloes, it reached to 23.08%, 21.42%, 25.00%, 16.00%, 25.64%, 25.00%, 14.28% and 25.00%, respectively from animals kept under the same mangemental conditions. Slaughter-house-materials showed that he isolation pattern in non-pregnant cattle was evidently in a descending order starting from the vagina [12.50%] upwards to the other parts of the tract where no ureaplasmas were recovered ovaries. On the other hand, buffales showed a similar descending recovery pattern up to the ovaries, however, the isolation rate was exceptionally higher in the uterus [4.76%]. Comparing the isolation data from pregnant genitalia of both species, it is evident that in cattle, the organisms were recovered only from the vagina, yet no ureaplasmas were isolated from any site of the genitalia of pregnant buffaloes. In bulls, the recovery rate of U. diversum was relatively higher from semen and prepuce of male cattle and buffaloes used for natural services than those kept for artificial insemination purposes. In conclusions, the role of ureaplasmas as a cause of reproductive failure and infertility in cattle and buffaloes need further clarification

In vitro lymphocytic proliferation and production of interleukin-2[IL-2] and gamma -interferon [IFN-gamma] in uremic patients effect of a single session of hemodialysis

Patients with chronic renal failure [CRF] on regular hemodialysis [HD] often present with signs of immunodeficiency. In the present study, we investigated the in vitro proliferation and production of IL-2 and IFN-gamma of peripheral blood mononuclear cells [PBMC] in response to phytohemagglutinin [PHA] in 18 patients with CRF regularly hemodialysed compared to 10 normal individuals [control group]. Before dialysis the mean proliferative response [SI] of PBMC from patients was significantly lower than that of control group, whereas the spontaneous proliferation of PBMC was significantly higher in patients before dialysis than in normal subjects. These proliferative responses in patients were normalized after a single session. Regarding the cytokines, both IL-2 and IFN-gamma were secreted by patients PBMC in levels significantly higher than that by normal PBMC, whereas the cellular contents of these cytokines were comparable in the two groups. A single session of HD reduced both the released and the cellular contents of these cytokines. From these results it can be concluded that, the apparent in vitro reduced proliferative response of PBNC to PHA is, at least partly, due to in vivo chronic activation of these cells by uremic toxins and this cellular defect is reversible as it was corrected by a single session of HD

Serum immune complexes, complement and cerebrospinal fluid immune complex in-patients with bacterial meningitis.

Circulating immune complexes [CIC] were assayed using polyethylene glycol in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with meningococcal meningitis associated with allergic complications. Serum complement [C3] and IgG were measured by radial immunodiffusion technique. All patients had raised CIC in serum and CSF with a lack of correlation between the two sites, which indicated its formation in situ. C3 levels were depressed in all sera which may be due to its consumption in the formation of immune complexes as evident from its significant correlation with serum IC. In conclusion, rise of serum IC may lead to allergic complications and rise of cerebrospinal fluid IC may lead to neurological complications