Vascular Spectrum of Imaging Findings in COVID-19: Ischemic, Hemorrhagic, and Thromboembolic Complications

Abstract Ischemic strokes secondary to occlusion of large vessels have been described in patients with COVID-19. Also, venous thrombosis and pulmonary thromboembolism have been related to the disease. Vascular occlusion may be associated with a prothrombotic state due to COVID-19-related coagulopathy and endotheliopathy. Intracranial hemorrhagic lesions can additionally be seen in these patients. The causative mechanism of hemorrhage could be associated with anticoagulant therapy or factors such as coagulopathy and endotheliopathy. We report on cases of ischemic, thrombotic, and hemorrhagic complications in six patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Chest computed tomography (CT) showed typical SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia findings in all the cases, which were all confirmed by either serology or reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests.

Lung Ultrasound as a Triage Tool in an Emergency Setting during the Covid-19 Outbreak: comparison with CT Findings

Abstract Background Lung ultrasound (LUS) can detect interstitial alveolar changes confined to the subpleural region, like those described in Covid-19. Objetive To evaluate how LUS findings correlate with chest computed tomography (CT) in patients admitted to the emergency department (ED) with suspicion of Covid-19. Methods Cross-sectional study of 20 patients (median age 43 years; interquartile range, 37-63 years; 50% male). All patients underwent LUS and chest CT on the day of ED admission. Each hemithorax was divided into 6 segments with similar landmarks, and equivalent scores (sc) of lesion severity were defined for both methods. The number of affected segments on LUS (LUSseg) was divided into tertiles (0-1, 2-5, and ≥6), and compared with number of affected segments on CT (CTseg), LUSsc, CTsc, and percentage of affected lung parenchyma through visual analysis (CTvis). ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis test for continuous variables, chi-square test for categorical variables, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to define optimal cutoff points were performed. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Median LUSsc, CTsc, CTseg, and CTvis were significantly different between groups. A clear separation between groups was demonstrated; patients with <2 affected segments on LUS were defined as low risk. The ROC curve showed good discriminative power to predict ≥6 affected segments on CT, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.97 and 0.98 for >7 LUSsc and >3 LUSseg, respectively. Conclusion LUS findings correlate with chest CT, and can help identify patients with normal lung or minor pulmonary involvement secondary to Covid-19. Int J Cardiovasc Sci. 2020; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0

Tratamento cirúrgico da ginecomastia: uma análise criteriosa / Surgical treatment of gynecomastia: a critical analysis

Introdução: A ginecomastia é o aumento no tamanho da glândula mamária masculina, que pode ser fisiológico ou patológico, sendo condição passível de correção. Objetivo: Analisar o tratamento cirúrgico da ginecomastia, apontando suas principais complicações. Método: Duzentos e oitenta e quatro pacientes foram submetidos a cirurgia para correção da ginecomastia entre janeiro de 1998 e setembro de 2008, sendo 94,37% dos pacientes graus I e II e 5,63%, grau III. Resultados: Em relação ao total de pacientes, 3,87% apresentaram seroma e 2,11%, hematoma (p<0,001). A análise dos pacientes graus I e II revela que 0,74% apresentaram cicatrizes hipertróficas nas incisões de lipoaspiração (p<0,001). Dentre os pacientes submetidos à técnica de Davidson, 18,75% apresentaram alargamento do complexo aréolo-mamilar (p=0,108)e foram submetidos a cirurgia para correção. Conclusão: As técnicas utilizadas para correção de ginecomastia se mostraram eficazes e seguras.

Introduction: The gynecomastia is an increase in male breast and an important impact on quality of life. However, it is a condition likely to be modified. Objective: To analyze the surgical treatment of gynecomastia pointing the major complications. Methods: Two hundred and eighty-four patients underwent surgery to correct gynecomastia from January 1998 to September 2008, 94.37% of patients were grade I and II and 5.63%, grade III. Results: 3.87% patients had seromas and 2.11%, hematoma (p<0.001). Patients grade I and II had keloids in incision of liposuction (0.74%) and patients grade III presented areolar enlargement. Conclusion: The techniques used for treatment of gynecomastia were considered safe and effective with low complication rate.

Reconstrução vaginal pelo retalho neurovascular pudendo crural na Síndrome de Rokitansky / Vaginal reconstruction by neurovascular pudendal thigh flap in Rokitansky’s Syndrome

Introdução: Agenesia vaginal relacionada à síndrome de Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser (MRKH) ocorre na proporção de 1 para cada 4000 ou 5000 nascimentos femininos, causando grande limitação à vida afetiva da paciente. O manejo da agenesia vaginal inclui acompanhamento psicológico e reconstrução vaginal. Objetivo: Mostrar a experiência do serviço com a técnica do retalho neurovascular pudendo crural para reconstrução vaginal no tratamento de 8 pacientes com síndrome de Rokitansky. Método: Apresentam-se oito casos de síndrome de Rokitansky em que a reconstrução vaginal foi realizada pelo retalho neurovascular pudendo crural, chamado retalho de Cingapura. O período de acompanhamento pós-operatório variou de 6 meses e 3 anos. Resultados: Uma neovagina funcional de, no mínimo, 10 cm. de profundidade e 5 cm. de diâmetro foi criada em todos os casos. Apesar da queixa de dor local de moderada intensidade no pós-operatório imediato, as pacientes apresentaram-se satisfeitas com os resultados. As relações sexuais foram liberadas no 40º dia de pós-operatório, sem relatos de sangramento ou dor. Três pacientes apresentaram crescimento de pêlo no intróito vaginal. Conclusão: A técnica do retalho de Cingapura permitiu a reconstrução vaginal sem a necessidade de dilatação pós-operatória, mantendoa inervação do períneo e com cicatrizes pouco perceptíveis.

Background: Congenital vaginal agenesis, with a prevalence of 1 in 4000 or 5000 females, occurs mainly as a feature of the Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome. The management of this patient includes psychological support and the creation of a neovagina. Objective: To present and evaluate the pudendal thigh flap for the creation of a neovaginain eight young women with MRKH syndrome. Methods: Eight young women with MRKH syndrome had a neovagina created by using the bilateral pudendal thigh fasciocutaneous flap procedure, Singapore flap. The patients’ follow-up ranged between 6 months and 3 years. Results: A functional vagina of at least 10 cm. in depth and 5 cm. in width was createdin al cases. Although the patients reported moderated local pain after the procedure, they were satisfied with the results. In addition, normal sexual life was possible after 40 days and none of them reported bleeding or pain during sexual relation. Three patients presented hair in the vaginal lining. Conclusion: Bilateral fasciocutaneous pudendal thigh flap permits vaginal reconstruction with some advantages such as postoperative dilatation is not necessary, sensation is maintained and the resulting scars are inconspicuous.