Identification and Characterization of the Pathogen Causing Canker Disease in Acid Lime (Citrus aurantiifolia) cv. Petlur Acid Lime

In this study, the pathogen responsible for canker disease in Acid Lime Cv. Petlur Acid Lime was identified through a comprehensive analysis involving both morphological and molecular characterization techniques. Cultures of the Xanthomonas campestris pv. citri (Xcc) bacterial isolate, grown on artificial media, exhibited distinct characteristics: small, round, and mucoid colonies with a gram-negative nature, as revealed by Gram staining. Molecular identification was performed using universal primers 27F and 1492R, resulting in a specific DNA band of 424 bp, confirming the presence of the pathogen in the samples.

Energy Balance Studies of Weed Management Practices in Mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czerj and Cosson)

An experiment was conducted at College Farm, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad during rabi 2020-21 on loamy sand soils to study energy balance of weed management practices in mustard. The energy balance studies were determined by using direct and indirect energy. Among the different weed management practices, Stomp 30 % EC as PE fb straw mulch 5 t ha-1 recorded higher energy input. This treatment was followed by Goal 23.5 % EC as PE fb straw mulch 5 t ha-1 and Raft 6 % EC as PE fb straw mulch 5 t ha-1. Maximum energy output, net energy, energy use efficiency and energy productivity were noticed under intercultivation and hand weeding at 15 and 30 DAS and it was statistically on par with Raft 6 % EC as PE fb intercultivation at 30 DAS, Goal 23.5 % EC as PE fb intercultivation at 30 DAS and Stomp 30 % EC as PE fb intercultivation at 30 DAS.

Ocular morbidity among school aged children in Indian scenario.

Background: Vision is the most important special sense in human being. Normal vision is essential for normal physical, mental, psychological development and education. About 30% of blind population of India lose their eyesight before the age of 20 years and many of them are under 5 when they become blind. Methods: The present study is a cross sectional study of children aged 6 to 15 years from Schools in the rural area within 30 kilometers surrounding Khammam, India during september 2012 to March 2014. Results: Conjunctival abnormalities had the highest prevalence rate (4.36%) followed by Refractive errors (2.04%), Lid Abnormalities (1.35%), Corneal Abnormalities (1.02%), Squint (0.70%), Posterior segment abnormalities (0.51%), Amblyopia (0.32%), Colour vision abnormalities (0.28%) and lens abnormalities (0.23%). Conclusion: Our study is one of the few studies to be conducted in this rural setup. This Study gives us benchmark data for comparing future studies in Khammam district and also helps in providing valuable information for proper planning and conduction of future school based health programs.

Pattern of ocular trauma in tertiary care hospital in Khammam.

Background: Ocular trauma is an important public health hazard. The objective of the study was to determine the pattern of ocular trauma among patients presenting in Mamata Medical College and Hospital, Khammam. Methods: Two years retrospective review of records of 120 patients with ocular trauma seen from Jan 2013 to Feb 2015 was done using a structured format. Results: Ocular trauma accounted for 1.2% of the total ocular patients seen at OPD and Emergency. Of the studied 120 cases, 74 patients were below 30 years of age. 17 (14.16%) patients presented to hospital within 2-7 days of injury. Conclusion: Duration of presentation has significant association with the presence of infection & other complication. The cause of injury were road traffic accidents, occupation related and sports playing & recreational activities in 54(45%), 39(32.5%) and 24(20%) respectively. Closed globe injuries accounted for 38(31.66%) and open globe for 58(48.33%) and adenexal injuries constituted 24(20%). Delay in presentation was associated with complications.

A rare case of Moebius sequence.

We report a case of an 18-year-old male who presented with watering and inability to close the left eye completely since 6 months and inability to move both eyes outward and to close the mouth since childhood. Ocular, facial, and systemic examination revealed that the patient had bilateral complete lateral rectus and bilateral incomplete medial rectus palsy, left-sided facial nerve paralysis, thickening of lower lip and inability to close the mouth, along with other common musculoskeletal abnormalities. This is a typical presentation of Moebius syndrome which is a very rare congenital neurological disorder characterized by bilateral facial and abducens nerve paralysis. This patient had bilateral incomplete medial rectus palsy which is suggestive of the presence of horizontal gaze palsy or occulomotor nerve involvement as a component of Moebius sequence.

In vivo and in vitro evaluation for immunomodulatory activity of three marine animal extracts with reference to phagocytosis.

The whole body ether extracts of a marine prawn Nematopaleamon tenuipes and two gastropods viz. Euchelus asper and Hemifusus pugilinus, obtained by Soxhlet extraction and cold percolation were tested for their effects on phagocytosis by in vitro (slide method) and by in vivo (carbon clearance) methods. Extract of E. asper exhibits immunostimulatory activity in vitro and immunosuppressant activity in vivo. The in vitro test for N. tenuipes and H. pugilinus shows biphasic activity, but the former shows immunostimulatory while the latter shows immunosuppresant activity in vivo test.

Bilateral complete optic nerve head avulsion

The case of a 17-year-old boy who suffered a bilateral optic nerve head avulsion following severe facial trauma from a motor vehicle accident is reported. The diagnosis was based on clinical evaluation of both fundi and serial fundus photographs. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first case of bilateral optic nerve head avulsion to be documented, although rare incidences of unilateral events have been reported