Knowledge and practices towards malaria amongst residents of Bushbuckridge, Mpumalanga, South Africa

Background: Malaria remains one of the greatest public health challenges worldwide and it is amongst the top killers in sub-Saharan Africa. There is however, a general scepticism about the accuracy of Health Management Information Systems (HMIS) in recording all the episodes of malaria in Africa. Given the importance of community knowledge of malaria, its signs and symptoms, as well as prompt treatment-seeking behaviour, the study assessing adult residents' knowledge and practices in Bushbuckridge provided much needed insights into the Malaria Control Programme (MCP). Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine the adult residents' knowledge and practices towards malaria in Bushbuckridge, Mpumalanga Province, South Africa. Method: The study was undertaken as a descriptive cross-sectional survey in Bushbuckridge in August 2008. Six hundred and two (602) household heads or their proxies from the randomly selected households in 20 localities were interviewed (one household member per household), using a structured field-piloted questionnaire. Results: Approximately 93% of the respondents had heard about malaria, 84.6% of whom correctly associated it with mosquito bites. The health facility (29.1%) and radio (19.8%) were the main sources of malaria information. Knowledge of signs and symptoms was low, whilst treatment-seeking intention at the health facility was high (99%) with 82% of which would be carried out promptly. Survey data showed an indoor residual spraying (IRS) coverage of approximately 70% and a good understanding of the reasons for spraying. Walls were re-plastered infrequently and no evidence was established linking it to the removal of insecticide marks on the wall. Conclusion: The study revealed not only that householders possessed an adequate knowledge of malaria, but also that they had positive malaria treatment-seeking intentions. Their knowledge of malaria signs and symptoms was inadequate and required attention. Whilst IRS coverage needed some improvements, the reasons for IRS were well known

Management of acute myocardial infarction in the public sector in the Bahamas

In 1996 and 1997, 52 patients were admitted to the Princess Margaret Hospital, Nassau, Bahamas, with a confirmed diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The average time to presentation after the onset of symptoms was 18 hours, with 56 percent of patients presenting within 12 hours. Risk factors identified for ischaemic heart disease were hypertension (77 percent), obesity (62 percent), diabetes mellitus (35 percent), tobacco smoking (25 percent), a family history of coronary heart disease (17 percent) and hypercholesterolaemia (8 percent). Medications administered in the treatment of AMI included oral nitrates (96 percent), intravenous heparin (90 percent), beta-blockers (65 percent), morphine (15 percent) thrombolytic agents (8 percent) and lignocaine (4 percent). In hospital post myocardial infarction complications were angina (23 percent), arrhythmias (12 percent) and cardiac failure (10 percent). The average hospital stay was eight days, with a mortality rate of 19 percent. These results show that there is considerable room for improvement, particularly in the use of thrombolytic therapy, to ensure that all patients receive optimal acute and post myocardial infarction care.