Assessment of cadmium, lead, copper and zinc in fish species reared in treated Sewage effluents in Suez city

Levels of the heavy metals Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn in 8 organs of each of 2 reared fish species; namely, Oreochromis niloticus and Mugil seheli were measured using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results revealed that the level of the heavy metal concentrations is varying according to the fish species and to the examined organs. The order of abundance of these metals in these two fishes is: Pb > Zn > Cu > Cd, i.e. there is a pronounced elevation in Pb level in most organs of the two fish species, while cadmium recorded the lowest values. Zn and Cu are of higher values than Cd, but both are less than Pb. On the other hand, M. seheli accumulates all the heavy metals with the exception of Pb to greater extent than those in O. niloticus. Generally, muscles of both fishes consistently contain the low values of the metals

Distribution of some heavy metals in coastal recreational areas off Port-Said

During the period from July 1992 to June 1993 samples were taken from 7 areas at port-said coast. The distribution of dissolved and particulate [Seston] heavy metals are reported with their relationships to salinity. The concentration of dissolved heavy metals ranged between 0.15-0.68 ppb, 0.15-2.90 ppb, 0.38-1.99 ppb and 0.62-7.62 ppb for Cd, Cu, pb and zn respectively in the same respect, these values for particulate forms [seston] were 0.00-0.25 ppb, 0.08-0.92 ppb, 0.10-1.52 ppb and 1.16-9.92 ppb. In areas of high salinity, higher concentrations of dissolved Cd and Cu were found to be not affected with local inputs, but the situation with respect to lead and zinc were found to be more complicated. The opposite was found for particulate Cd and Cu. At lower salinities, higher or lower Cd, Cu, pb and Zn concentrations were found to be associated with local inputs

Lead and Cadmium levels in some fishes of the river nile and lake Manzala, Egypt

Levels of lead and cadmium were determined in tissues and organs of Tilapia app. Oreochromis niloticus and sarothrodon galileus collected from River Nile and Lake Manzala. Digested samples from muscles [Flesh], gills, bone, gonads, liver, and brain were analyzed for lead and cadmium by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Fish brain shows the highest levels in both metals for both species, while their muscles have the lowest values. Lead concentrations are higher than cadmium levels in all organs and tissues. Moreover the lead level for S. galileus in Damietta region [Lake Manzala] is higher than those of El-Fayoum region [River Nile]. For O. niloticus, the average lead concentration ranges between 3.40 and 49.5 ppm for all tissues and organs in port said region [Lake Manzala]. For S. galileus, the highest values were recorded in Damietta region, it ranges between 3.40 and 29.89 ppm, while the lowest values were 2.66 and 8.34 ppm in El-Fayoum region. For cadmium, the average concentration in O. niloticus in fluctuated between a minimum of 0.39 ppm and a maximum of 4.40 ppm in port said region. For S. galileus, the highest values [0.35-2.19 ppm] were recorded in damietta region, while the lowest values [0.29 - 1.25 ppm] were recorded in El-Fayoum region

Distribution of heavy metals in some species of edible fish from the Red Sea

Levels of seven heavy metals [Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, Mn and Fe] were measured in five organs and muscles of three [carnivorous] edible Red Sea fishes; namely, Acanthopagrus bifasciatus, Hemiramphus sp. and Sphyraena obtusata. Measurements were carried out using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The fish samples were collected from the common market of the the Suez-Gulf [Red Sea] in Suez City. It is clear from the present study that the concentrations of heavy metals in the tested fishes are varying according to the species and to the examined organ. A pronounced elevation in the levels of pollution by trace metals in these fishes was observed and encountered as a consequence of increasing pollution by heavy metals in the Suez Gulf, of coarse, in the Red Sea. The highest accumulated elements are iron and Zinc, while te lowest one is cadmium. The accumulation is more pronounced in Hemiramphus sp. than the others

Trace metals distribution in water and sediments of Suez Gulf [Red Sea, Egypt]

High concentrations of Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn occur in waters and sediments of Suez Gulf. The sources of trace metals mainly emanate from oil fields, industrial wastes and sewage effluents. Individual metal concentrations decrease progressively away from the source area at differing rates; Zn is most mobile and Cd and Cu appear to be deposited first. They approach to the natural background especially in the southern parts of the Gulf. The predominance of Cu in sediments of the northern parts of the Suez Gulf suggests that the anti-fouling paints of ships is the main source of this metal in this area. It can be noticed also that the dissolved Cd, Pb and Zn recorded their maximum levels at the southern parts of the Gulf, while Cu shows a reverse trend. On the other hand, the particulate forms of Cd, Pb and Cu showed lower concentrations than the dissolved forms, except Zn which behaves in the opposite way

Study of some heavy metals in Abu Qir bay under the effect of industrial effluents

Physical and chemical analyses of sea water and sediments from three sites in Abou-Qir Bay that are near two industrial plants and a pumping station, have been carried out to determine the effect of discharges from them upon the marine environment. It is recommended that construction of industrial centers should be in erosional areas not in depositional ones

Effect of long-term alternate-day corticosteroids on cardiac function in children

The effect of long-term alternate-day corticosteroid therapy on the cardiac function in children was assessed through studying the left ventricular performance using electrocardiography and echocardiography. The study included 10 children diagnosed as minimal change nephrotic syndrome before starting therapy [group 1]. 20 children with corticosteroid-responsive nephrotic syndrome on prolonged alternate-day corticosteroid therapy [group II] and 10 normal controls [group III]. The results showed that long-term steroid therapy had no evident effect on the electrical activity of the myocardium nor on the systolic [contractile] function of the left ventricle. Impaired myocardial compliance was suggested by the decreased mean values of the maximum diastolic endocardial velocity and the anterior mitral valve diastolic-closing velocity

Comparison of three therapeutic modalities in severe acute asthma in children

We have studied the effectiveness of nebulized salbutamol, pressure-packed aerosolized salbutamol and a combination of subcutaneous epinephrine and intravenous aminophylline in 3 groups of children aged 6-14 years presenting with severe acute asthma. The severity scores of asthma were determined using a modified scoring system of Fischl. Each of the 3 regimens was effective in reducing the severity score of asthma and increasing the peak expiratory flow rate. Nebulized salbutamol was as effective as the combination of subcutaneous epinephrine and intravenous aminophylline. Both regimens were superior to aerosolized salbutamol in the treatment of acute severe asthma

Comparison, of inhaled salbutamol, inhaled reproterol and injected epinephrine in the treatment of acute asthma in children

Thirty asthmatic children were assigned randomly to three regimens of initial treatment, subcutaneous epinephrine, inhaled salbutamol and inhaled reproterol [10 patients in each group]. The severity of the attack was assessed before and 5, 15, 30 and 60 minutes after the initial treatment. It was concluded that each of the study drugs was very effective in improving ventilation [PEFR] and ameliorating the severity of the asthmatic attack. Salbutamol was found to be superior to epinephrine and the later superior to reproterol. The use of epinephrine was associated with transient but significant rise in the respiratory rate, pulse rate and systolic blood pressure