Low-dose helical CT projection data restoration using noise estimation / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To build a helical CT projection data restoration model at random low-dose levels.@*METHODS@#We used a noise estimation module to achieve noise estimation and obtained a low-dose projection noise variance map, which was used to guide projection data recovery by the projection data restoration module. A filtering back-projection algorithm (FBP) was finally used to reconstruct the images. The 3D wavelet group residual dense network (3DWGRDN) was adopted to build the network architecture of the noise estimation and projection data restoration module using asymmetric loss and total variational regularization. For validation of the model, 1/10 and 1/15 of normal dose helical CT images were restored using the proposed model and 3 other restoration models (IRLNet, REDCNN and MWResNet), and the results were visually and quantitatively compared.@*RESULTS@#Quantitative comparisons of the restored images showed that the proposed helical CT projection data restoration model increased the structural similarity index by 5.79% to 17.46% compared with the other restoration algorithms (P < 0.05). The image quality scores of the proposed method rated by clinical radiologists ranged from 7.19% to 17.38%, significantly higher than the other restoration algorithms (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The proposed method can effectively suppress noises and reduce artifacts in the projection data at different low-dose levels while preserving the integrity of the edges and fine details of the reconstructed CT images.

An adaptive CT metal artifact reduction algorithm that combines projection interpolation and physical correction / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To propose an adaptive weighted CT metal artifact reduce algorithm that combines projection interpolation and physical correction.@*METHODS@#A normalized metal projection interpolation algorithm was used to obtain the initial corrected projection data. A metal physical correction model was then introduced to obtain the physically corrected projection data. To verify the effectiveness of the method, we conducted experiments using simulation data and clinical data. For the simulation data, the quantitative indicators PSNR and SSIM were used for evaluation, while for the clinical data, the resultant images were evaluated by imaging experts to compare the artifact-reducing performance of different methods.@*RESULTS@#For the simulation data, the proposed method improved the PSNR value by at least 0.2 dB and resulted in the highest SSIM value among the methods for comparison. The experiment with the clinical data showed that the imaging experts gave the highest scores of 3.616±0.338 (in a 5-point scale) to the images processed using the proposed method, which had significant better artifact-reducing performance than the other methods (P < 0.001).@*CONCLUSION@#The metal artifact reduction algorithm proposed herein can effectively reduce metal artifacts while preserving the tissue structure information and reducing the generation of new artifacts.

Correlation between theta-gamma neural oscillations in hippocampal CA3 area and the spatial identifying and cognitive ability in rats / 生理学报

The present study was aimed to explore the correlation between θ-γ neural oscillations phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) in hippocampal CA3 area and the changes of spatial identifying and cognitive ability before and after shock avoidance training in rats. According to the results of Y-type maze shock avoidance training, the rats were divided into two groups: the fast avoidance response group and the general avoidance response group. The local field potential (LFP) of hippocampal CA3 area was recorded by wireless telemetry before and after shock avoidance training. The variation of θ oscillation (3-7 Hz) and low-γ neural oscillation (30-60 Hz) PAC in hippocampal CA3 area was analyzed by MATLAB wavelet packet extraction technique. The results showed that, compared with the general avoidance response group, the fast avoidance response group exhibited higher θ-γ neural oscillation PAC in hippocampal CA3 area before training. θ-γ oscillation PAC in hippocampal CA3 area was increased in both groups after training. It was also noticed that θ-γ neural oscillation PAC of some frequency bands in the general avoidance response group were significantly higher than those in the fast avoidance response group. The results suggest that certain intensity of training can change the spatial identifying and cognitive ability of rats, and the mechanism may involve the increase of the synchrony of θ-γ neural oscillation, i.e., the enhancement of θ-γ phase-amplitude alternating frequency coupling in hippocampal neurons.

Endoplasmic reticulum stressed hepatocellular carcinoma promotes macrophage M2 polarization through exosome-toll-like receptor 4 pathway / 中国药理学通报

Aim To explore the effect of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related exosomes derived from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells on the M2 polarization of macrophages via Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and the underlying mechanism. Methods Western blot experiments were conducted to evaluate the GRP78 levels in HCC tissues and HCC cells with or without pre-treatment of tunicamycin and the identification of the isolated exosomes. Immunohistochemical staining was also employed to detect the expression of GRP78 in HCC tissues. Immunofluorescence was used to confirm the effective absorbance of exosomes by macrophages. Flow cytometry ( FCM ) , Western blot and CBA kit were used to detect M2 polarization-asso ciated markers and the expression of TLR4 on macrophages. Affymetrix gene chip and bioinformatics analy-sis were used to screen the differential expression of mRNA in macrophages stimulated by ER stressed-relat- ed exosomes and TLR4 expression. Results In clinical samples, GRP78 expression in liver cancer tissues was higher than that in the adjacent tissues. In cell experiments, tunicamycin (2.5 jxmol • L"1 ) treatment for 24 hours in HCC cells could significantly increase the expression of ER stress marker protein GRP78 compared with control group. Western blot showed that HCC cell-derived exosomes positively expressed exosom- al marker proteins,such as CD63,TSG101 and HSP70, and negatively expressed Calnexin. Interestingly, HSP70-enriched exosomes released by ER-stressed HCC cells were observed. Laser confocal microscopy found that exosomes could be effectively taken up by RAW264.7 macrophages. Flow cytometry and Western blot further indicated that ER stress-related exosomes could significantly up-regulate the expression of CD206, transformed growth factor-beta (TGF-p) and arginase-1 (Arg-1) in macrophages. Meanwhile, these exosomes could promote the secretion of IL-6 and IL- 10,and up-regulate the expression of TLR4 in macrophages. Conclusions ER stressed-HCC cells could promote macrophage M2 polarization by releasing HSP70-enriched exosomes and activating TLR4 signaling.

A new cytotoxic isoflavane from Dalbergiae Odoriferae Lignum / 中国中药杂志

Fourteen compounds were isolated from the ethanol extract of Dalbergiae Odoriferae Lignum by various chromatographic techniques, including column chromatographies on silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and semi-preparative HPLC. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic techniques as S-3'-hydroxy-7,2',4'-trimethoxyisoxane(1), 2-(2',4'-dimethoxyphenyl)-6-hydroxybenzofuran(2), 2-(2'-hydroxy-4'-methoxyphenyl)-6-methoxybenzofuran(3), 7,2',4'-trimethoxydihydroisoflavone(4), sativanone(5), 3,9-dimethoxy-6H-benzofuro[3,2-c]chromen-6-one(6),(6 aS,11 aS)-homopterocarpin(7),(6 aS,11 aS)-8-hydroxy-3,9-dimethoxypterocarpan(8),(6 aS,11 aS)-3,8,9-trimethoxypterocarpan(9), isodalbergin(10), isoliquiritigenin(11), butein(12), butin(13) and 3,7,4'-trihydroxyflavone(14). Among them, compound 1 was a new compound, while 2 and 3 were new natural products, 6, 8, 9 and 14 were isolated for the first time from Dalbergiae Odoriferae Lignum. Compounds 1-14 were tested for their cytotoxic activity against human hepatoma cell line BEL-7402, human gastric cancer cell line SCG-7901, human lung cancer cell line A549, human chronic myeloid leukemia cell line K562 and HeLa human cervical cancer cellline by MTT method. Compound 1 exhibited significant cytotoxicity with IC_(50) values ranging from 2.85 to 11.62 μg·mL~(-1). In addition, 2, 11 and 12 showed weak cytotoxic activities.

Effect of Annexin-A1 mimetic peptide Ac2-26 on activation of astrocytes in rats / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To evaluate the effect of Annexin-A1 mimetic peptide Ac2-26 on activation of astrocytes in rats.Methods The primarily cultured astrocytes from the cortex of fetal Sprague-Dawley rats after 4 passages were divined into 4 groups (n =24 each) using a random number table method:control group (C group),LPS group,LPS+scramble peptide group (LPS+Src group) and LPS+Ac2-26 group.LPS was added to LPS group with the final concentration of 1 mg/ml.LPS at the final concentration of 1 mg/ml and scramble peptide at the final concentration of 3.3 mmol/L were added to LPS+Src group.LPS at the final concentration of 1 mg/ml and Ac2-26 at the final concentration of 3.3 mmol/L were added to LPS+Ac2-26 group.After 24-h incubation,the cell survival rate was measured by CCK-8 assay,the migration was determined by Transwell assay,the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α),interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β),monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1 a (MIP-1a) in the supernatant were measured (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay),and the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP),extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK),phosphorylated ERK (p-ERK),c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK),phosphorylated JNK (p-JNK),p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK),and phosphorylated p38MAPK (p-p38MAPK) in astrocytes was detected by Western blot.Results Compared with group C,the expression of GFAP was significantly up-regulated,and the cell mobility,concentrations of TNF-α,IL-1β,MCP-1 and MIP-1α in the supernatant,p-ERK/ERK ratio,p-JNK/JNK ratio and p-p38MAPK/p38MAPK ratio were increased (P＜0.05),and no siguificant change was found in the cell survival rate in group LPS (P＞0.05).Compared with group LPS,the expression of GFAP was significantly down-regulated,and the cell mobility,concentrations of TNF-α,IL-1β,MCP-1 and MIP-1α in the supernatant,p-JNK/JNK ratio and p-p38MAPK/p38MAPK ratio were decreased in group LPS+Ac2-26 (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group LPS+Src (P＞0.05).Conclusion Ac2-26 can inhibit activation of astrocytes and produces anti-inflammatory effect in rats.

Role and mechanism of matrine alone and combined with acitretin for HaCaT cells and psoriasis-like murine models / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Acitretin and matrine have been used in the treatment of psoriasis in China. This study was designed to investigate the role and related mechanisms of matrine alone and in combination with acitretin in the treatment of psoriasis in vitro and in vivo.@*METHODS@#HaCaT cells were treated with matrine at different concentrations of 0 (blank control), 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, and 1.6 mg/mL for 24, 48, 72 h, respectively. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium cell viability assay was used to assess the growth and proliferation of HaCaT cells. Cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry. Expression of protein was detected by Western blotting. Autophagy was observed by transmission electron microscopy. Then HaCaT cells were assigned to normal saline (NS) control group, matrine (0.4 mg/mL) group, acitretin (10 μmol/L) group, and matrine plus acitretin group, and the above methods were repeated. In animal experiments, the cumulative score (erythema, scaling, thickening) as a measure of the severity of inflammation was used to measure the skin performance of mice after treated with matrine 50 mg/kg, acitretin 4.5 mg/kg or combination of the two drugs on the psoriasis-like mouse models, respectively. Pathological findings of the lesions were observed, and the protein expressions in the lesions were detected by immunohistochemistry.@*RESULTS@#Cell proliferation inhibition was seen in HaCaT cells with treatment of matrine in a dose- and time-dependent manner (P < 0.01, respectively). Cell cycle G0/G1 phase arrest was observed in a dose-dependent way (P < 0.01). The expression of p21 (P < 0.05), LC3II/I (P < 0.01), and Beclin 1 (P < 0.01) increased and the expression of cyclin D1 (P < 0.05) decreased with increasing doses of matrine. Compared with the blank control, more autophagosomes were seen in HaCaT cells treated with matrine at 0.4 mg/mL by transmission electron microscopy (2.667 ± 1.202 vs. 21.33 ± 1.453, t = 9.899, P < 0.01). Cell proliferation inhibition and degree of the G0/G1 phase arrest was significantly higher in matrine plus acitretin group than those in matrine, acitretin, or the NS control group (P < 0.01, respectively). Compared with matrine or acitretin group, the expression of p21 (P < 0.05, P < 0.05) and LC3II/I (P < 0.01, P < 0.05) in matrine plus acitretin group increased significantly and the expression of cyclin D1 (P < 0.01, P < 0.05) and p62 (P < 0.05, P < 0.05) was reduced significantly. Compared with matrine or acitretin, matrine plus acitretin significantly down-regulated the phosphorylation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway (P < 0.05) and its downstream p-p70S6K (P < 0.05). In addition, the cumulative score of mice in the matrine plus acitretin group was significantly better than that in the matrine or acitretin group (1.480 ± 0.230 vs. 2.370 ± 0.241, P < 0.01; 1.480 ± 0.230 vs. 2.888 ± 0.341, P < 0.01). The expression of LC3 protein in the matrine plus acitretin group was also higher than that in the matrine, acitretin, or the NS control group (P < 0.05, respectively).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Matrine has therapeutic potentials for psoriasis. Matrine and acitretin show synergistic effect via cell cycle arrest and autophagy induction by PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.

Effect of Annexin-A1 mimetic peptide Ac2-26 on activation of astrocytes in rats / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective@#To evaluate the effect of Annexin-A1 mimetic peptide Ac2-26 on activation of astrocytes in rats.@*Methods@#The primarily cultured astrocytes from the cortex of fetal Sprague-Dawley rats after 4 passages were divined into 4 groups (n=24 each) using a random number table method: control group (C group), LPS group, LPS+ scramble peptide group (LPS+ Src group) and LPS+ Ac2-26 group.LPS was added to LPS group with the final concentration of 1 mg/ml.LPS at the final concentration of 1 mg/ml and scramble peptide at the final concentration of 3.3 mmol/L were added to LPS+ Src group.LPS at the final concentration of 1 mg/ml and Ac2-26 at the final concentration of 3.3 mmol/L were added to LPS+ Ac2-26 group.After 24-h incubation, the cell survival rate was measured by CCK-8 assay, the migration was determined by Transwell assay, the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1a (MIP-1a) in the supernatant were measured (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), and the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), phosphorylated ERK (p-ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), phosphorylated JNK (p-JNK), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK), and phosphorylated p38MAPK (p-p38MAPK) in astrocytes was detected by Western blot.@*Results@#Compared with group C, the expression of GFAP was significantly up-regulated, and the cell mobility, concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β, MCP-1 and MIP-1α in the supernatant, p-ERK/ERK ratio, p-JNK/JNK ratio and p-p38MAPK/p38MAPK ratio were increased (P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the cell survival rate in group LPS (P>0.05). Compared with group LPS, the expression of GFAP was significantly down-regulated, and the cell mobility, concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β, MCP-1 and MIP-1α in the supernatant, p-JNK/JNK ratio and p-p38MAPK/p38MAPK ratio were decreased in group LPS+ Ac2-26 (P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group LPS+ Src (P>0.05).@*Conclusion@#Ac2-26 can inhibit activation of astrocytes and produces anti-inflammatory effect in rats.

Role and mechanism of matrine alone and combined with acitretin for HaCaT cells and psoriasis-like murine models / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

Background@#Acitretin and matrine have been used in the treatment of psoriasis in China. This study was designed to investigate the role and related mechanisms of matrine alone and in combination with acitretin in the treatment of psoriasis in vitro and in vivo.@*Methods@#HaCaT cells were treated with matrine at different concentrations of 0 (blank control), 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, and 1.6 mg/mL for 24, 48, 72 h, respectively. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium cell viability assay was used to assess the growth and proliferation of HaCaT cells. Cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry. Expression of protein was detected by Western blotting. Autophagy was observed by transmission electron microscopy. Then HaCaT cells were assigned to normal saline (NS) control group, matrine (0.4 mg/mL) group, acitretin (10 μmol/L) group, and matrine plus acitretin group, and the above methods were repeated. In animal experiments, the cumulative score (erythema, scaling, thickening) as a measure of the severity of inflammation was used to measure the skin performance of mice after treated with matrine 50 mg/kg, acitretin 4.5 mg/kg or combination of the two drugs on the psoriasis-like mouse models, respectively. Pathological findings of the lesions were observed, and the protein expressions in the lesions were detected by immunohistochemistry.@*Results@#Cell proliferation inhibition was seen in HaCaT cells with treatment of matrine in a dose- and time-dependent manner (P < 0.01, respectively). Cell cycle G0/G1 phase arrest was observed in a dose-dependent way (P < 0.01). The expression of p21 (P < 0.05), LC3II/I (P < 0.01), and Beclin 1 (P < 0.01) increased and the expression of cyclin D1 (P < 0.05) decreased with increasing doses of matrine. Compared with the blank control, more autophagosomes were seen in HaCaT cells treated with matrine at 0.4 mg/mL by transmission electron microscopy (2.667 ± 1.202 vs. 21.33 ± 1.453, t = 9.899, P < 0.01). Cell proliferation inhibition and degree of the G0/G1 phase arrest was significantly higher in matrine plus acitretin group than those in matrine, acitretin, or the NS control group (P < 0.01, respectively). Compared with matrine or acitretin group, the expression of p21 (P < 0.05, P < 0.05) and LC3II/I (P < 0.01, P < 0.05) in matrine plus acitretin group increased significantly and the expression of cyclin D1 (P < 0.01, P < 0.05) and p62 (P < 0.05, P < 0.05) was reduced significantly. Compared with matrine or acitretin, matrine plus acitretin significantly down-regulated the phosphorylation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway (P < 0.05) and its downstream p-p70S6K (P < 0.05). In addition, the cumulative score of mice in the matrine plus acitretin group was significantly better than that in the matrine or acitretin group (1.480 ± 0.230 vs. 2.370 ± 0.241, P < 0.01; 1.480 ± 0.230 vs. 2.888 ± 0.341, P < 0.01). The expression of LC3 protein in the matrine plus acitretin group was also higher than that in the matrine, acitretin, or the NS control group (P < 0.05, respectively).@*Conclusions@#Matrine has therapeutic potentials for psoriasis. Matrine and acitretin show synergistic effect via cell cycle arrest and autophagy induction by PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.

Reseach progress for ECDI-modified autoantigen peptides being used in autoimmune disease / 中国免疫学杂志

Ethylene carbodiimide (ECDI) is a chemical coupling agent,more and more studies have focused on the immune tolerance induced by administration of ethylene carbodiimide (ECDI)-fixed syngeneic splenocytes (Ag-SPs) coupled to peptides or to whole myelin proteins,in order to establish a novel and effective tolerance therapy for autoimmune diseases.The mechanisms and applications of immune tolerance induced by Ag-SPs in several kinds of common autoimmune diseases were summarized,and were compared with their counterparts in the traditional treatment.

The clinical value of Homer expression in peripheral blood leukocytes of patients with ischemic stroke / 中华检验医学杂志

Objective To investigate clinical significance of Homer expression in peripheral blood leukocytes of patients with ischemic stroke (IS).Methods It was a retrospecive study.The gene expression levels of Homer were measured by RT-qPCR.266 patientscollected in Zhongnan Hospital from September 2015 to June 2016were divided into 5 groups:large-artery atherosclerosis (LAA,100 cases),cardioembolism (CE,42 cases),small vessel occlusion (SVO,68 cases),stroke of other demonstrated etiology (SOE,23 cases) and stroke of undemonstrated etiology (SUE,33 cases).Meanwhile,age and sex matched 126 healthy controls were also collected.IS diagnostic criteria for cerebral infarctionwas in accordance with the guideline for acute ischemic stroke in China in 2010.The levels of Homers in subgroups were compared by Oneway ANOVA.The area under curve (AUC) and 95％ confidence interval (CI) were calculated using ROC analyses.The odds ratio (OR) and 95％ CI were calculated using the multivariate logistic regression analyses.Results The levels of Homer1 [2.01 ± 0.15] and Homer2 [1.81 ± 0.31] in LAA patients were significantly higher than othergroups [Homer1 CE:2.40 ± 0.34;SVO:2.38 ± 0.35;SOE:2.36 + 0.33;SUE:2.40 ± 0.30;control group:2.35 ± 0.28;Homer2 CE:2.09 ± 0.38;SVO:2.08 ± 0.30;SOE:2.09 ± 0.41;SUE:2.10 ± 0.34;control group:2.12 ± 0.31] (Homer1 CE:t =9.353,P＜0.001;SVO:t =9.258,P＜0.001;SOE:t =5.396,P＜0.001;SUE:t=9.644,P＜0.001;control group:t =11.882,P＜0.001;Homer2 CE:t =4.725,P＜0.001;SVO:t =5.545,P＜0.001;SOE:t=3.640,P ＜ 0.001;SUE:t =4.669,P ＜ 0.001);There was no significant difference in the expression of Homer1 (F =0.940,P =0.441) and Homer2 (F =0.336,P =0.854) between non-LAA groupsand healthy controls.There was no significant difference in the expression of Homer3among the groups (F =0.641,P =0.669).Multinomial logistic regression analyses revealed that,higher Homerl (adjusted OR =8.62,95％ CI:4.13-18.00,P＜0.001) and Homer2 (adjusted OR=2.42,95％ CI:1.75-3.36,P ＜ 0.001) levels showed significant associations with increased odds of having LAA stroke,compared with the controls.ROC curves showed that the AUC of the combination of Homer1 and Homer2 for differentiating LAA and controls was 0.896 (95％ CI:0.862-0.929,P ＜0.001) and the AUCfor differentiating LAAand non-LAA was 0.847 (95％ CI:0.800-0.894,P ＜ 0.001).Conclusion The expression of Homer1 and Homer2 in peripheral blood leukocytes could be used as novel biomarkers for LAA stroke.

Exploration of flipped classroom model in the medical laboratory English class / 中华检验医学杂志

Specialty English of Medical Laboratory is a comprehensive and overlapping discipline and plays a major role in multiple medical courses, including Life Science, Clinical Medicine and Laboratory Medicine.However, its teaching practices are limited due to the extensive contents, scattered basic knowledge points, complexities of language learning processes and high demanding of sophisticated teaching skills.Since internet technology′s breakout and the web-based education expanding in the past decade, personalized flipped classroom has drawn considerable attention in the education field and became a hop-spot in teaching practice system.In the present study, the concepts of flipped classroom and basic characteristics of Specialty English of Medical Laboratory were elaborated, as well as the reconstructing teaching processes, exploring the concrete plan for teachers and students in undergraduate program.

EEG characteristics of medial prefrontal cortex in rats with morphine dependent place preference under shuttling condition / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the correlation between EEG characteristics of medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and drug-seeking behavior of rats with morphine dependent place preference under shuttling condition.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10): morphine PL group, NS PL group, morphine IL group and NS IL group. After embeding the electrode in prelimbic (PL) or infralimbic (IL) cortex of each group by brain stereotaxic operation, the model of morphine dependent conditioned place preference (CPP) in rats was established. The differences of EEG wave percentage in mPFC were telemetered and analyzed when rats shuttled before and after the model.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After the model, the withdrawal symptoms were evident in morphine PL and IL group, and the activity time and distance in white box were increased obviously. Compared with control group, after the model, the EEG in morphine PL group showed that: when the rats shuttled to white box, 8 wave decreased obviously, P wave increased obviously. When the rats shuttled to black box, brain waves showed opposite changes. The EEG in morphine IL group showed that: when the rats shuttled to white box, a wave increased obviously, P and a wave decreased obviously. When the rats shuttled to black box, the brain wave had no significant differences compared with control group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The EEG changes are different in PL and IL cortex of morphine CPP rats under shuttling condition, and the EEG changes are also different when rats shuttling to white or black box. There is possibly different mechanism, when different drug-seeking environmental cues caused EEG changes in different regions of mPFC.</p>

LncRNA GAS5 expression in plasma of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and its significance in the treatment evaluation / 中华检验医学杂志

Objective To investigate the expression pattern of growth arrest-specific transcript 5 ( GAS5 ) in hepatocellular carcinoma and assess its pre-operation and post-operation levels.Methods Totally 243 patients were collected in Zhongnan Hospital in 2015, and were divided into 4 groups: pre-operation (117 cases), 1 weeks after operation (39 cases), patients with hepatitis B (55 cases) and cirrhosis ( 71 cases ) .Meanwhile, 129 controls were collected.The expression of GAS5 in plasma was detected by real-time quantitative PCR. The levels of GAS5 in subgroups were compared by Oneway ANOVA.The relationship between GAS5 and the clinical pathologic features, and its pre-operation and post-operation expression were analyzed by Student′s t test.Results GAS5 was downregulated in HCC plasma and the levels of GAS5 were associated with tumor differentiation ( R2 =0.219,P=0.011) and TNM stage (R2 =0.036,P=0.044).Compared with the levels in pre-operation group (3.958 ±0.282), GAS5 were upregulated after surgery (3.843 ±0.223),t=2.283, P=0.028.In addition, GAS5 expression in well and moderately differentiated HCC was higher than poorly differentiated ones before operation[(3.873 ±0.191) and(4.151 ±0.365),t=2.271,P=0.035], but there was no significant difference after operation[(3.880 ±0.154) and (3.879 ±0.246),t=0.032, P=0.975].The ROC curves indicated that GAS5 had a good sensitivity to differentiate HCC from the healthy ( 88%, 88/100 ) and the cirrhosis ( 90%, 90/100 ) . Conclusion GAS5 might be used to assess the treatment of HCC.

Progress of high density lipoprotein in resisting atherosclerosis / 中华检验医学杂志

Coronary atherosclerotic heart disease is the leading cause of death in the world of non-infectious diseases.High density lipoprotein ( HDL ) plays an important role in the progression of anti-atherosclerosis.Recent studies have found that HDL can carry microRNA, and the anti-inflammation function of endothelial cell is achieved by the transport of microRNA.The specific functions of different HDL subtypes in the anti-atherosclerosis have been gradually recognized.At the same time, a series of traditional HDL anti-atherosclerotic functions also have been newly discovered, such as reverse cholesterol transport, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and the protection of vascular endothelium.All of these advances provide a new basis for the clinical application of HDL.

Alteration of neural oscillations in hippocampal CA3 area in the fast avoidance response rat before and after electric shock avoidance training / 生理学报

The purpose of the present study is to explore the relationship of spatial learning ability and specific electrical activities of neural oscillations in the rat. The fast and general avoidance response groups were selected on the basis of the animals' responses to the electric shock in Y type maze, and their local field potentials (LFPs) of hippocampal CA3 area were recorded by wireless telemetry before and after shock avoidance training, respectively. The components of neural oscillations related to spatial identifying and learning ability were analyzed. The results showed that, compared with the general avoidance response group, the fast avoidance response group did not show any differences of LFPs in hippocampal CA3 area before electric shock avoidance trial, but showed significantly increased percentages of 0-10 Hz and 30-40 Hz rhythm in right hippocampal CA3 area after the shock avoidance training (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). Fast Fourier transform showed that percentage increase of 0-10 Hz band occurred mainly in θ (3-7 Hz) frequency, and 30-40 Hz frequency change was equivalent to the γ1 band. Furthermore, compared with those before training, only the percentages of β, β2 (20-30 Hz) and γ1 rhythm increased (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05) in fast avoidance response rats after training, while the θ rhythm percentage remained unchanged. In contrast, θ rhythm percentage and the large amplitude (intensity: +2.5 - -2.5 db) θ waves in right CA3 area of general avoidance response rats were significantly reduced after training (P < 0.01). These results suggest that the increased percentages of β2 and γ1 rhythm and high-level (unchanged) percentage of θ rhythm in the right hippocampus CA3 area might be related to strong spatial cognition ability of fast avoidance response rats.

Analysis of 572 Cases of Drug-induced Liver Injury Induced by Anti-infective Agents / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the condition and characteristics of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) of anti-infective agents and provide reference for the prevention and treatment of anti-infective agents related DILI. METHODS:Based on retrospective analysis,a total of 572 DILI reports of anti-infective agents were collected from PLA ADR monitoring center during 2009 to 2013, and then analyzed statistically in terms of patient’s age and gender,main diagonosis,categories of DILI-inducing drugs,type,route of administration,occurrence time,lab indicator,DILI types and clinical manifestations,the application of liver protective drugs,out-comes,etc. RESULTS:Among 572 DILI cases,there were 412 cases(72.03%)of male patients and 160 cases(27.97%)of female patients,and average age of the patients was(44.54±23.75)years old. ADRs were related to 57 kinds of anti-infective agents in 6 cat-egories. Rifampin was the most frequent in suspected drugs,followed by isoniazid,moxifloxacin,fluconazole,azithromycin,cefurox-ime, cefoperazone/sulbactam, levofloxacin, cefoxitin and voriconazole. Intravenous infusion was the main administration route (74.48%). The occurrence time of ADRs was mainly within two weeks (86.19%). Hepatocellular damage (93.33%) was the main type in 360 cases of ADR for evaluation of liver injury types. The majority of cases(82.17%)were cured or improved after drug with-drawal and symptomatic treatment. CONCLUSIONS:Cephalosporin,fluoroquinolones,antituberculosis and antifungal drugs might be the common agents which caused liver injury. Hepatocellular damage is the most frequent type. Most of patients have a favourable prognosis. Clinical medical staffs should strengthen the awareness of DILI caused by anti-infective agents and ehance the prevetion of it.

Analysis of 410 Cases of Clinical Pharmacist Consultations and Discussion of Working Mode / 中国药师

Objective:To understand the mode and effect of the consultations involved clinical pharmacists, and discuss the work-ing process and mode of the consultations. Methods:Based on the practical work and team discussion, the flow chart and consultation registration form for the clinical pharmacist consultations were established and applied. Totally 410 cases of clinica1 pharmacist consul-tations were retrospectively investigated from March 2009 to December 2012. Results:The consultation flow chart was strictly followed by the clinical pharmacists in our hospital, and the obvious effect was shown. The number of consultation was increased from 59 cases in 2009 to 122 cases in 2013. In all the consultation cases, 21 departments were involved, including the medical departments and the surgery departments. Among the cases,the adjustment in antibacterial drug treatment was the main requirements. Meanwhile, the a-doption rate of the clinical pharmacist suggestions was 95. 12%. Conclusion:Clinical pharmacists are playing an important role in clin-ical treatment. The consultation work can be regulated by the consultation flow chart and registration form with the improved adoption rate and consultation quality.

A wireless telemetry study on the electrical activity in nucleus accumbens of heroin-induced place preference rats / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the electrical activity property changes in nucleus accumbens (NAc) of heroin-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) rats during different stages of heroin dependence and to explore NAc's roles in the formation of drug dependence.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Recording electrodes were bilaterally embedded into the NAcs of rats with the aid of stereotaxic apparatus, followed by establishment of heroin-dependent rat model. The NAc electrical activity during 3 different stages of heroin dependence, including heroin pre-exposure, immediate post-exposure and heroin withdrawal, were respectively recorded using EEG wireless telemetry techniques. The frequency distribution (ranging from 0.5 to 30 Hz) and the amplitude of NAc electrical activity were analyzed and measured.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Heroin-dependent rat models were successfully established and their withdrawal symptoms were evident. All rats showed a conditioned place preference (CPP) for the white box after 5-10 days of heroin-exposure, and displayed a maximum withdrawal symptoms on 2d after heroin- withdrawal. During all statges of heroin-dependence, the NAc electrical activity contained the highest proportion of delta rhythm and the lowest proportion of alpha2 rhythm. The discharge frequence band was similar across different stages. There was a significantly increased ratio of low-frequency discharges (delta rhythm) and decreased ratio of high-frequency discharges (beta rhythm) in NAc of rats during the immediate post- heroin exposure stage when compared with that during pre-exposure and heroin withdrawal stages. During the withdrawal stage, the ratio of at rhythm was significantly lower than during pre- and post-heroin exposure stages (P < 0.01). Further, the mean discharge amplitude in NAcs during immediate post-exposure and withdrawal stages was significantly increased relative to pre-exposure stage. However, the mean discharge amplitude during heroin withdrawal stage was significantly lower than during immediate post-exposure stage.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The electrical activity properties in rat NAcs showed a significant change during different stages of heroin-dependence, which suggested that neuronal activities in NAcs might contribute to the modulation of drug-dependence.</p>

Off-label and off-NCCN guidelines uses of antineoplastic drugs in China

To evaluate off-label and off-NCCN guidelines uses of antineoplastic drugs in a major Chinese hospital. Totally 1122 patients were selected from July to December 2011. Then, the off-label and off-NCCN guidelines uses of antineoplastic drugs were analyzed. In 798 of 1122 patients [71.12%], drugs were used for off-label. In 317 of 1122 patients [28.25%], the drugs were prescribed for off-label and off-NCCN guidelines. 2591 medical orders for 1122 patients, 1051/2591 [40.56%] medical orders were off-label; 445/2591[17.17%] medical orders were off-label and off-NCCN guidelines. In 445 off-label and off-NCCN medical orders, 399 [89.66%] were unapproved indications, 38 [8.54%] were unapproved drug concentration and 12 [2.70%] were unapproved route of administration. Percentage of off-label and off-NCCN guidelines drug uses in male was higher than that in female [21.92% vs. 11.39%, P<0.01]. Compared with other lines of treatment, percentage of off-label and off-NCCN guidelines drug uses in postoperative adjuvant was the smallest [P<0.01] and percentage in three or multi-line treatments was the highest [P<0.01]. The pancreatic cancer possessed the highest percentage [38.74%] of off-label and off-NCCN guidelines drug uses among all types of cancer [P<0.01]. Off-label uses of antineoplastic drugs are generally common in China hospitals based on NCCN guidelines. The fact suggests that anti-tumor treatment was relatively standard in China. Off-label and off-NCCN guidelines drug uses were mainly for individual treatment. Doctors should fully consider the adverse drug reaction, contraindication, cautions and increase the drug security monitoring. Uncorrected drug concentration should be avoided for drug risk