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Objective To evaluate the intra- and interatrial synchronization before and after pacemaker implantation in patients with sick sinus syndrome ( SSS) by tissue Doppler imaging ( TDI) . Methods Thirty-eight patients with SSS ( SSS group ) underwent pacemaker implantation . Echocardiography was performed before and after operation . Twenty-five volunteers were chosen as control group . Routine measurement of left and right atrial diameter by echocardiography . In apical four chamber view ,the sample volume of TDI was located at right atrial lateral wall at tricuspid annulus ,interatrial septum and left atrial lateral wall at mitral annulus . The interval time between the early diastolic wave ( E wave) and the late diastolic wave (A wave) (E-AR ,E-AI ,E-AL ) ,and the duration of A wave (AR ,AI ,AL ) were measured . At the same time ,the electromechanical coupling time was measured ,namely the initiation of the P wave of the synchronous electrocardiogram to the starting point of A wave ( P-A0R ,P-A0I ,P-A0L ) , and the starting point of the P wave to the peak point of the A wave ( P-AR ,P-AI ,P-AL ) . And the right atrial electromechanical delay time ,P-A0I and P-A0R value ( T0IR ) ,P-AI value and P-AR value ( TIR ) were recorded .Other parameters include left atrial electromechanical delay time:P-A0L and P-A0I value ( T0LI ) , and P-AL and P-AI value ( TLI ) ;interatrial electromechanical delay time:P-A0L and P-A0R value ( T0LR ) ,P-AL and P-AR ( TLR ) were recorded . Results Compared with the control group ,left atrium and right atrium in SSS group enlarged before operation , E-AR ,E-AI ,E-AL ,P-A0R ,P-A0I ,P-AR ,P-AL prolonged ,while T0LR and T0LI were shortened ( all P < 0 .05 ) . Postoperative changes in SSS group patients included shortened E-AR ,E-AI and E-AL ,and prolonged T0LI and T0LR ( all P <0 .05) . Compared with the control group ,the size of left atriums and right atriums in SSS group still increased postoperation ,and the P-A0I 、P-AR and P-AL remained longer (all P <0 .05) . The same as the control group ,the postoperative AR ,AI and AL in SSS group were decreased successively ( all P < 0 .05 ) . Conclusions In SSS patients , electromechanical asynchrony exists in different part of atrium and between left atrium and right atrium . Pacemaker therapy can improve atrial electromechanical synchronicity .
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Objective To prepare the lipid ultrasound microbubbles carrying gene and transactivating transc"ptional activator(Tat)peptide and to study the efficiency of carrying gene and Tat as well as to study their ability as an ultrasound contrast agent.Methods The lipid ultrasound microbubbles were prepared using mechanical vibration method.The appearance,distribution,concentration,diameter and zeta potential were measured.The efficiencies of carrying gene and Tat were studyed by a confocal laser scanning microscopy and a fluorospectrophotometer.For the in vivo experiment,contrast-enhanced ultrasonography was performed on six rabbits to observe the duration and intensity of enhancement in the heart chambers and myocardium after the injection of the microbubbles.Results The diameter of the self-made lipid microbubbles carrying gene and Tat was(2.27±0.38)μm,the concentration was(3.07±0.42)×109/ml and zeta potential was(1.95±0.13)mV.The gene encapsulation efficiency for the lipid ultrasound microbubbles was 32%,and the Tat encapsulation efficiency was 35%.The in vivo experiment showed that the lipid ultrasound microbubbles could significantly enhance the echo intensity of myocardium.Conclusions The efficiency of carrying gene and Tat for the prepared lipid microbubbles is high,which can be used as a new vehicle carrying genes or drugs for therapy as well as an ultrasound contrast agent.
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Objective To investigate the time-effect relationship of angiogenesis induced by ultrasound.mediated microbubble destruction in the skeletal muscle of rats.Methods Forty-eight healthy SD rats were divided into 4 groups:ultrasound-mediated microbubble destruction group,ultrasound only group,microbubble only group and control group.In ultrasound-mediated mierobubble destruction group, microbubbles were inj ected by vein at a dose of 0.5 ml and the target skeletal muscle was radiated at 2.0W/cm2.In ultrasound only group,the target skeletal muscle was radiated at 2.0 W/cm2.In microbubble only group.microbubbles were injected by vein at a dose of 0.5 ml.The control rats were without ultrasound radiation and microbubbles.On the 3rd,7th,10th,14th,21st and 28th day after the ultrasound radiation,two rats in each group were sacrificed and the target skeletal muscle was harvested for HE staining to observe the microstructure of tissue,immunohistochemistry staining was used to count the microvessel density (MVD),enzyme 1inked inmmunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to detect the expression of vascular endothelial grouth factor(VEGF).Results Angiogenesis was significant in ultrasound-mediated mierobubhle destruction group,but a little in ultrasound only group.There was not any angiogenesis in either microbubble only group or control group.MVD and VEGF expression of ultrasound-mediated microbubble destruction group arrived at a peak on the 1Oth day as well as on the 14th day of ultrasound group.Conclusions Ultrasound-mediated microbubble destruction can facilliate the endogenous secretion of VEGF quickly and more,and accelerate the angiogenesis in the skeletal muscle.
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OBJECTIVE: To study optimal formulation process of Rutongning granule. METHODS: The ratio of main components to excipients was optimized with hygroscopicity,granulation and dissolubility index. RESULTS: The optimal ratio of extract powder to saccharose was 1 ∶ 1.5. The made granules were characterized with low hygroscopicity, high granulation,high dissolubility and low cost. And its critical relative humidity was 65%. CONCLUSION: The study provides theory evidence for formulation process of Rutongning granule and the control of production environment.
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OBJECTIVE:To prepare qingdiyou emulsion and to establish its quality control.METHODS:Qindiyou emulsion was prepared by emulsification by using tetracaine hydrochloride as principal agent.The content of tetracaine hydrochloride was determined by UV spectrophotometry.The stability of 3 batches of samples was investigated.RESULTS:The preparation was white emulsion.The linear range of tetracaine hydrochloride was 3.168～9.504 ?g?mL-1(r=0.999 9),with an average recovery rate of 99.68%(RSD=0.49%).The 3 batches of sample preparations were proved to be stable in quality.CONCLUSION:This method is simple in operation,accurate in content determination,and stable and controllable in quality within expiration date.
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OBJECTIVE:To prepare compound yolk emulsion and to establish its quality control method.METHODS:Compound yolk emulsion was prepared by emulsification.Cod liver oil and Nystalin in compound yolk emulsion were identified by color reaction and TLC,respectively.The content of VitB2 was determined by visible spectrophotometric method.The stability of 3 batches of samples was investigated as well.RESULTS:The linear range of VitB2 were 0.0 119～ 0.0 238 mg/ml(r=0.9 958).The average recovery of VitB2 was 97.95%(RSD=3.45%).3 batches of sample preparations were tested to be stable in quality at 4℃ ～ 8℃.CONCLUSION:This method is simple in operation,accurate in content determination,and stable and controllable in quality within expiration date.
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Aim To study the effect of simvastatin on ventricular remodeling in rats after myocardial infarction,and the association between this effect and phosphorylating extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2(p-ERK1/2).Methods Myocardial infarction(MI)rat models were successfully induced by ligation of anterior descending coronary artery.The treated rats were randomly divided into 4 groups(n=8~10):MI only group,MI plus 20 mg Sim group(20 mg?kg-1?d-1),MI plus 40 mg Sim group(40 mg?kg-1?d-1),and sham-operated group.After 4 weeks,the rats were checked by echocardiography including LVEDd,LVPWd,LVEF,FS,SV and CO.Myocardial p-ERK1/2 was also examined by immunohistochemistry and Western blot.Results Compared with sham-operated group,LVEDd,LVPWd in other groups were significantly increased(P