Rol de las masculinidades en la transmisión alimentaria / Role of masculinities in food transmission

Introducción. Las masculinidades representan roles sociales diversos y un estereotipo masculino que limita el desarrollo de tareas domésticas, entre otras, el estar a cargo de la alimentación familiar. Objetivo. Interpretar los relatos de personas mayores sobre el rol de las masculinidades en la transmisión alimentaria familiar. Materiales y Métodos. Estudio exploratorio con enfoque cualitativo utilizando la metodología de la Teoría Fundamentada de Strauss y Corbin. Participaron personas mayores de género masculino, a los que se les aplicó entrevista semiestructurada. Los datos fueron analizados a través de codificación abierta, axial y selectiva, lo que permitió identificar las categorías centrales que fueron la base del levantamiento de teoría que responde al objeto de estudio. La investigación fue avalada por comité de ética científica. Resultados. Se reconoce una cesión social de hábitos, patrones y costumbres alimentarias familiares en este grupo de personas, en especial, en etapas nóveles de su trayectoria vital. Como personas mayores, las masculinidades se adaptan a los cuidados y necesidades de sus respectivos hogares, ayudando en las compras de alimentos, elaborando preparaciones culinarias o reconociendo miembros masculinos de sus familias en el traspaso intergeneracional de saberes alimentarios. Conclusión. Desde los relatos de personas mayores participantes, las masculinidades presentan una dinámica familiar que comienza a desmitificar el rol de género femenino en el traspaso cultural de la alimentación.

Introduction. masculinities represent diverse social roles and a male stereotype that limits the development of domestic tasks, among others, be in charge of family feeding. Objective. to interpret the stories of older people about the role of masculinities in the family food transmission. Material and methods. exploratory study with qualitative approach using the methodology of the Grounded Theory of Strauss and Corbin. Elderly male participants participated, to whom a semi-structured interview was applied. The data were analyzed through open, axial and selective coding, which allowed identifying the central categories that were the basis of the theory survey that responds to the object of study. The research was endorsed by the scientific ethics committee. Results. a social transfer of family eating habits, patterns and customs is recognized in this group of people, especially in the new stages of their life trajectory. As older people, masculinities adapt to the care and needs of their respective homes, in particular, in new stages of their life trajectory. As older people, masculinities adapt to the care and needs of their respective homes, assisting in food purchases, preparing culinary preparations or recognizing male members of their families in the intergenerational transfer of food knowledge. Conclusion. From the stories of elderly participants, masculinities present a family dynamic that begins to demystify the female gender role in the cultural transfer of food.

Lived experiences of UAAP Season 84 and NCAA Season 97 student-athletes in their bubble set-up training during the COVID-19 pandemic: A research protocol

Background@#The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly affected the sports industry, postponing events worldwide. To adapt to the situation, athletes have been forced to train at home. Bubble training was introduced to provide a safe and conducive training environment while adhering to government health protocols. However, concerns have emerged regarding the set-up’s implementation.@*Objective@#The study aims to explore the lived experiences of UAAP Season 84 and NCAA Season 97 student-athletes who underwent bubble training.@*Methods@#The study will employ a qualitative phenomenological approach based on Seligman's Well-Being Theory. A purposive sampling technique will be used to recruit at least seven eligible student-athletes. Data will be collected through on-site or online interviews using a semi-structured interview guide to reveal a narrative of the student-athletes' bubble training experiences, common themes, and patterns. Deductive thematic analysis approach will be used with the help of the NVivo software program.@*Expected Results@#This study is expected to develop themes from the daily bubble training routines, habits, coping strategies, and perceived thoughts and feelings of Filipino collegiate student-athletes, regarding their emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning, and achievement in bubble training. This may provide insights to the government, educational institutions, and athletic associations on possible comprehensive guidelines if they plan to implement bubble training when the need arises.

Recalcitrant gram-positive bacterial keratitis treated with intrastromal levofloxacin 1.5% ophthalmic solution: A case report and review of literature

Objective@#This paper demonstrated the effectiveness of intrastromal injection of levofloxacin 1.5% ophthalmic solution in the management of recalcitrant Gram-positive bacterial keratitis.@*Methods@#This is a report on two cases of recalcitrant bacterial keratitis encountered at the External Diseases and Cornea Clinic of the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences at the Philippine General Hospital. @*Results@#Two middle-aged females presented with bacterial keratitis unresponsive to previous antibiotic treatment with impending corneal perforation. The Gram stain of the corneal scraping in the first case revealed Gram-positive cocci, while the second case showed encapsulated Gram-positive bacilli and encapsulated Grampositive cocci in chains. In both cases, repeated intrastromal injections of levofloxacin 1.5% in addition to increasing the frequency of topical levofloxacin 1.5% resulted in marked improvement in visual acuity and resolution of deep stromal infiltrates and hypopyon. @*Conclusion@#These cases highlighted the utility of intrastromal levofloxacin 1.5% ophthalmic solution in the management of recalcitrant Gram-positive bacterial keratitis.

A Case of A girl whose Responses to Kampo Medicines Clued Making a Diagnosis of Psychogenic Fever / 日本東洋医学雑誌

The case is a 6-year-0-month-old girl. She was referred to our department at the age of 5 years and 10 months due to persistent fever over 38.0 ℃. Since blood tests and contrast-enhanced computed tomography showed no abnormalities and there was no response to antipyretics, psychogenic fever was suspected, but psychological factors were unclear. She had lived in father’s home country until the age of 4 years and 11 months (father is foreign national/mother is Japanese), had plans to return to father’s home country. Her height was 117.5 cm, weight 18.7 kg, body temperature 37.4 ℃, and her cardiopulmonary findings were normal. She tried five types of Kampo preparations sequentially. Her body temperature less frequently exceeded 38.0 ℃ with kamishoyosan and yokukansan, and never exceeded 38.0 ℃ with kamikihito. Suspecting that family relationships and vague insecurities were behind her symptoms, it was found that she was stressed about plans to return to father’s home country, leading to the diagnosis of psychogenic fever. When investigating the etiology behind the symptoms, it is useful to refer to the responsiveness to Kampo medicines.

A Case of Pelvic Abscess Caused by Mycoplasma hominis After Abdominal Total Hysterectomy / 日本農村医学会雑誌

A woman in her 50s underwent abdominal total hysterectomy for uterine myoma. She was discharged from the hospital on postoperative day (POD) 6 following an uneventful postoperative course but returned to the outpatient clinic on POD 11 with chief complaints of fever and abdominal pain. Blood tests at presentation showed a C-reactive protein level of 22.95 mg/dL and a white blood cell count of 21300/μL, indicating an increased inflammatory response. Transvaginal ultrasonography and contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) revealed a small amount of ascites and a thickened pelvic peritoneum. Based on these findings, pelvic peritonitis was diagnosed and the patient was readmitted to the hospital. After admission, antimicrobial treatment with cefmetazole 3 g/day was started, but transvaginal ultrasonography on POD 13 (3 days after readmission) revealed an intra-pelvic abscess. The abscess was punctured under transvaginal ultrasonographic guidance and the puncture fluid was submitted for microbiological examination, followed by CT-guided drainage. At the same time, the antimicrobial regimen was changed to sulbactam/ampicillin 9 g/day and doxycycline (DOXY) 200 mg/day (100 mg/day from the following day). On POD 18 (8 days after readmission), Mycoplasma hominis was detected in the abscess culture, leading to the decision to increase the dose of DOXY to 200 mg. Subsequently, with improvement of subjective and objective symptoms and reduction of the abscess cavity, the patient was discharged from the hospital on POD 21 (11 days after readmission). Although M. hominis is a common urogenital commensal, it can be a potential pathogen in a patient with a pelvic abscess that occurs as a late postoperative complication and does not respond to beta-lactam antibiotics, so treatment decisions should be made with this organism kept in mind.

Acute pancreatitis complicated with diabetic ketoacidosis following COVID-19 mRNA vaccination: a case report / Journal of Rural Medicine

Objective: Since the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, COVID-19 vaccination has substantially reduced mortality and hospitalization rates worldwide, with rare adverse events reported in clinical settings. Herein, we present a case of acute pancreatitis complicated by diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) following the third COVID-19 vaccination dose.Patient: A 72-year-old male with a history of diabetes mellitus developed generalized fatigue, mild epigastric pain, nausea, and frequent vomiting after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine.Results: Blood analysis revealed elevated levels of pancreatic enzymes, hyperglycemia, and acidemia. Computed tomography revealed evidence of acute pancreatitis, leading to a diagnosis of both DKA and acute pancreatitis. Treatment with a large volume of saline and intravenous insulin improved both DKA and acute pancreatitis. After a thorough examination, no other factors capable of causing acute pancreatitis were identified. Hence, we concluded that acute pancreatitis was induced by COVID-19 vaccination.Conclusion: Acute pancreatitis is a rare but potentially life-threatening adverse event associated with COVID-19 vaccination. Delaying the treatment or diagnosis of acute pancreatitis can increase mortality risk in patients with both acute pancreatitis and DKA. Hence, it is crucial for healthcare professionals to consider the potential occurrence of acute pancreatitis and DKA following COVID-19 vaccination.

A Case of Right Caudate Hemorrhage During Delivery / 日本農村医学会雑誌

The patient was a 36-year-old primipara with no comorbidities such as diabetes or hypertension. At 35 weeks and 3 days of pregnancy, she was admitted for rupture of membranes. She vomited often during the expulsive stage of labor, so a vacuum extraction was performed. Her vital signs were normal throughout the delivery. She vomited repeatedly after the delivery but did not complain of headache or arm weakness and her level of consciousness was Japan Coma Scale I-1. Head CT revealed right caudate hemorrhage and cerebral ventricular rupture. Head MRI showed no obvious cerebrovascular abnormality, so she was followed up with symptomatic treatment. Recovery was uneventful, without neurological sequelae, and she was discharged on postpartum day 27. Cerebral hemorrhage during pregnancy is caused in many cases by comorbidities such as cerebral aneurysm, cerebral artery malformation, and pregnancyinduced hypertension syndrome. Cerebral hemorrhage may occur in pregnant women with no risk factors, even when their vital signs are stable. It is necessary to pay attention to the appearance of new symptoms, such as vomiting, around the time of delivery.

Chronic Dissecting Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Coexisting with Horseshoe Kidney Requiring Supra-Renal Clamp and Reattachment of Accessory Renal Arteries / 日本心臓血管外科学会雑誌

A 60-year-old man underwent open surgery for chronic dissecting abdominal aorta accompanied with a horseshoe kidney. Through open laparotomy, the abdominal aortic aneurysm was exposed without revision of the horseshoe kidney. Cold ringer solution was infused to accessory renal arteries for renal protection. After supra-renal clamping, proximal anastomosis was then performed at the level just below the renal arteries. Abdominal cross clamp time at the level of the supra-renal arteries was 23 min. Median and right accessory arteries were reattached with an ischemic time of 73 and 103 min, respectively. Although serum creatine was elevated a preoperative level of 1.17 mg/dl to 3.63 mg/dl at postoperative day 2, that was gradually decreased to nearly preoperative level of 1.25 mg/dl at discharge. Postoperative enhanced CT demonstrated patency of the reattached accessory arteries. The patient was discharged without major complication on postoperative day 21. One year postoperatively, his follow-up course was uneventful without deterioration of renal function.

Long-Term Resveratrol Intake for Cognitive and Cerebral Blood Flow Impairment in Carotid Artery Stenosis/Occlusion / 대한뇌졸중학회지

Background@#and Purpose Carotid artery stenosis or occlusion (CASO) is a causative disease of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) attributed to cerebral hypoperfusion, even without the development of symptomatic ischemic stroke. Preclinically, resveratrol has been demonstrated to play an important role in improving cognitive function in rodent CASO models. This study investigated the association between long-term resveratrol intake and improvements in cognitive and cerebral hemodynamic impairments in patients with CASO. @*Methods@#A retrospective cohort study was conducted on patients with asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis of ≥50% or occlusion who underwent 15O-gas positron emission tomography (15O-gas PET) and neuropsychological tests such as Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale 13 (ADAS-Cog) twice between July 2020 and March 2022 allowing >125-day interval. Patients were administered 30 mg/day resveratrol after the first 15O-gas PET and neuropsychological tests were compared with those who were not. @*Results@#A total of 79 patients were enrolled in this study; 36 received resveratrol and 43 did not. Over a mean follow-up of 221.2 and 244.8 days, long-term resveratrol treatment significantly improved visuospatial/executive function (P=0.020) in MoCA, and memory domain (P=0.007) and total score (P=0.019) in ADAS-Cog. Cerebral blood flow demonstrated improvement in the right frontal lobe (P=0.027), left lenticular nucleus (P=0.009), right thalamus (P=0.035), and left thalamus (P=0.010) on 15O-gas PET. No adverse events were reported. @*Conclusion@#Long-term daily intake of oral resveratrol may prevent or treat VCI by improving the cerebral blood flow in asymptomatic patients with CASO.

Adenoma detection rate and polyp detection rate among gastroenterology fellows and consultants in a tertiary hospital in the Philippines: A cross-sectional study

Background and Objective@#Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Likewise in the Philippines, the prevalence of CRC has shown to be increasing. Colonoscopy, a screening procedure for CRC, has parameters to gauge quality of detection. One of which is the Adenoma Detection Rate (ADR). Higher ADR has been linked to improved cancer detection. This study aimed to determine the ADR and Polyp Detection Rate (PDR) among Gastroenterology practitioners in a tertiary government university hospital in the Philippines, estimate ADR from PDR, and identify factors associated with ADR.@*Methods@#An analytical, cross-sectional study among patients who underwent colonoscopy for the years 2021 and the first half of 2022 at the Central Endoscopy Unit (CENDU) of the Philippine General Hospital. Demographic data of fellows and consultants were collected through an online form, while those from patients were obtained from electronic records. Colonoscopy details and histopathology results were accessed through the hospital’s Open Medical Record System (MRS). ADR, PDR, and estimated ADR were computed using established formulas. To evaluate the strength of the relationship between the estimated and actual ADR, Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used. Chi-square analysis, Mann-Whitney U test, and Kruskal-Wallis H test were performed to identify the factors that might influence the ADR. A cut-off of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.@*Results@#The total computed ADR of consultants and fellows combined is 22%. The difference between the ADRs of Gastroenterology consultants and Fellows-in-Training is statistically significant at 31.6% and 18.7%, respectively (p= 0.017). The total Polyp Detection Rate is 57.6% while the weighted group average Adenoma to Polyp Detection Rate Quotient (APDRQ) is 0.4085 or 40.85%. The estimated ADR has a moderate degree of correlation with the actual ADR when an outlier was excluded (r=0.521 (95% CI, 0.072-0.795, p=0.0266). Significant factors related to ADR include endoscopists’ years of practice (p=0.020), number of colonoscopies done (p=0.031), and patient tobacco use (p=0.014).@*Conclusion@#The overall ADR among consultants and fellows is at par with the standard guidelines. A moderate degree of correlation exists between actual and estimated ADR when an outlier is excluded; however, more studies are needed to determine the APDRQ in the wider local setting. Longer years in practice, total number of colonoscopies performed, and patient tobacco use are associated with increased ADR.

The effects of the RELATo-BRAZIL Intervention Program in early-grade readers: outcomes of a pilot study / Os efeitos do Programa de Intervenção RELATo-BRAZIL em leitores iniciantes: resultados de um estudo piloto

ABSTRACT Purpose: to carry out a pilot study applying the Reading and Language Together - Brazil program (RELATo-Brazil), targeting the development of reading and oral language abilities, aiming to improve phonological awareness skills and vocabulary knowledge in the school context. Methods: 9 children of both genders, aged between 8 and 10, enrolled in the second year of elementary school at a private school in the city of Florianópolis, SC, Brazil, joined in the study. The program was applied within three phases: Phase 1 - pre-intervention, with reading and vocabulary assessment tests; Phase 2 - intervention with sessions of different types, A, B, C and Phase 3 - post-intervention, which consisted of the subjects' reassessment, using the same tests applied in Phase 1. The data were stored in Microsoft Excel spreadsheets and exported for statistical analysis in the IBM SPSS software, the 25th version. The significance level considered was p ≤ 0.05. Results: following 21 intervention sessions, a better performance among the participants was observed when comparing the results of the pre-intervention and post-intervention phases. There is a statistically considerable difference in the percentage distributions of the conceptual vocabulary fields for Furniture and utensils (p=0.028), Places (p=0.009) and Shapes and colors (p=0.047). The reading rate did not show a statistical difference, but the children performed better in reading time and accuracy after the intervention. Conclusion: the data suggest that training in phoneme awareness and oral language and linking them in the context of authentic book reading are effective strategies for improving both reading and oral language skills.

RESUMO Objetivo: realizar um estudo piloto, aplicando o programa Reading and Language Together - Brazil (RELATo-Brazil), com vistas a incentivar o desenvolvimento da leitura e da linguagem oral por meio do trabalho com as habilidades de consciência fonológica e o aprimoramento do vocabulário no contexto escolar. Métodos: participaram do estudo nove crianças, de ambos os gêneros, com idade entre 8 e 10 anos, matriculadas no terceiro ano do ensino fundamental de uma escola particular do município de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina. O programa foi aplicado em três fases: Fase 1- pré-intervenção, com provas de avaliação da leitura e vocabulário, Fase 2 - intervenção com sessões de diferentes tipos. Fase 3 - pós-intervenção, que constou da reavaliação dos sujeitos, utilizando a mesmas provas aplicadas na Fase 1. Os dados foram armazenados em planilhas do programa Microsoft Excel e exportados para análise estatística no software IBM SPSS versão 25. O nível de significância considerado foi de p≤0,05. Resultados: após 21 sessões de intervenção, constatou-se melhor desempenho dos participantes ao comparar os resultados das fases pré-intervenção e pós-intervenção. Há diferença estatisticamente significativa nas distribuições percentuais dos campos conceituais do vocabulário para Móveis e utensílios (p=0,028), Locais (p=0,009) e Formas e cores (p=0,047). A taxa de leitura não mostrou diferença estatística, porém melhor desempenho das crianças em tempo e acurácia da leitura após a intervenção. Conclusão: os dados sugerem que treinar a consciência fonêmica, a linguagem oral e a ligação entre as duas no contexto da leitura real de livros pode ser uma intervenção eficaz na leitura, além de promover competências de linguagem oral.

The use of photobiomodulation in swallowing difficulties in individuals who developed the severe form of COVID-19 / O uso da fotobiomodulação na dificuldade de deglutição em indivíduos que desenvolveram a forma grave da COVID-19

ABSTRACT This study aimed to verify the use of photobiomodulation in swallowing difficulties in individuals who had a severe form of COVID-19. This case report was based on a quasi-experimental, quantitative study, with primary data collected from a non-probabilistic sample of 13 adults (aged ≥ 19 to < 60 years) of both sexes, who had the severe form of COVID-19. Swallowing was assessed with the Dysphagia Risk Assessment Protocol, and the intervention used photobiomodulation. Descriptive statistics were used. It was found that all research participants' risk for dysphagia in water and pudding swallowing tests improved from before to after the intervention. It can be concluded that photobiomodulation had positive results in speech-language-hearing practice to treat swallowing difficulties in adults who were affected by the severe form of COVID-19, intubated, tracheostomized, and needed an alternative feeding route, as the swallowing difficulties improved.

RESUMO O objetivo foi verificar o uso da fotobiomodulação na dificuldade de deglutição em indivíduos que desenvolveram a forma grave da COVID-19. Trata-se de um relato de casos, a partir de um estudo quase experimental, quantitativo, com coleta de dados primários e com amostra não probabilística, realizado com 13 indivíduos adultos (idade ≥ 19 a < 60 anos) de ambos os sexos, que tiveram a forma grave da COVID-19. Foi realizada a avaliação da deglutição pelo Protocolo de Avaliação para o Risco de Disfagia (PARD) e a intervenção com fotobiomodulação. Foi utilizada a estatística descritiva. Verificou-se que todos os participantes da pesquisa apresentaram melhora no risco para disfagia no teste de deglutição de água e de alimento pastoso do momento pré para o pós-intervenção. Pode-se concluir que a utilização da fotobiomodulação na prática fonoaudiológica para tratar a dificuldade de deglutição dos adultos que foram acometidos pela forma grave da COVID-19, intubados, traqueostomizados e necessitaram fazer uso de via alternativa de alimentação, trouxe resultados positivos, com melhora da dificuldade de deglutição.

A mercantilização anunciada da Pesquisa na Espanha dos anos 2000 / The announced commodification of Research in Spain in the 2000s

Resumo: Este artigo problematiza o processo de mercantilização universitária na Espanha, relacionando-o às tendências globais, mediante realização de pesquisa bibliográfica. Destaca o papel crucial desempenhado pela Agência Nacional de Avaliação da Qualidade e Acreditação (ANECA) e a imposição progressiva de fatores de impacto em periódicos científicos como expressão do fortalecimento do denominado capitalismo acadêmico e do trabalho digital nas universidades, no âmbito das reformas universitárias dos anos 2000.

Abstract: This article problematizes the process of university commodification in Spain, relating it to global trends, through bibliographic research. It highlights the crucial role played by the National Agency for Quality Evaluation and Accreditation (ANECA) and the progressive imposition of impact factors in scientific journals as an expression of the strengthening of academic capitalism and digital work in universities, within the framework of the university reforms of the 2000s.

El Papel de la Tarea Escolar en el Desarrollo Psíquico de los Estudiantes / O papel da tarefa de casa no desenvolvimento psíquico dos estudantes / The role of homework in the psychological development of students

RESUMO O presente estudo, teórico-conceitual, fundamenta-se nos pressupostos da Teoria Histórico-Cultural (THC) e da Pedagogia Histórico-Crítica (PHC) e tem por objetivo apresentar o papel da tarefa de casa (TC) no desenvolvimento psíquico dos estudantes. Entende-se que esta precisa se constituir em uma ação de estudo, pois são as ações que compõem a atividade de estudo (AE), atividade guia do desenvolvimento no período da idade escolar. Embora a TC seja um instrumento didático frequentemente usado pelos professores, ainda é um tema pouco explorado por estudiosos e pesquisadores. Alicerçada no ideário liberal, é vista apenas como extensão do conteúdo dado em sala de aula que necessita ser fixado e/ou memorizado. Por essa compreensão, ela pouco ou nada contribui com o desenvolvimento psíquico dos estudantes. Contudo, há elementos teóricos-conceituais que permitem evidenciar sua importância para o reequipamento cultural dos estudantes. Conclui-se que há necessidade de se modificar ou transformar a prática do uso da TC, de modo que seus fins possam ser condizentes com os motivos da AE, no sentido da formação do pensamento teórico.

RESUMEN El presente estudio teórico-conceptual se fundamenta en los presupuestos de la Teoría Histórico-Cultural (THC) y de la Pedagogía Histórico-Crítica (PHC) y tiene como objetivo presentar el papel de las tareas (TE) en el desarrollo psíquico de los estudiantes. Se entiende que esta debe ser una acción de estudio, pues son las acciones que conforman la actividad de estudio (AE), actividad que orienta el desarrollo durante el período de la edad escolar. Aunque la TE es una herramienta didáctica utilizada frecuentemente por los profesores, sigue siendo un tema poco explorado por académicos e investigadores. Basado en ideas liberales, se ve sólo como una extensión del contenido dado en el aula que necesita ser fijado y/o memorizado. Debido a esta comprensión, poco o nada aporta al desarrollo psíquico de los estudiantes. Sin embargo, existen elementos teórico-conceptuales que permiten resaltar su importancia para la readaptación cultural de los estudiantes. Se concluye que existe la necesidad de modificar o transformar la práctica de uso de la TE, de modo que sus propósitos puedan ser consistentes con los motivos de la AE, en el sentido de formar pensamiento teórico.

ABSTRACT The present theoretical-conceptual study is based on the assumptions of Historical-Cultural Theory (HCT) and Historical-Critical Pedagogy (HCP) and aims to present the role of homework (HW) in the psychic development of students. It is understood that this needs to be a study action, as these are the actions that make up the study activity (SA), an activity that guides development during the school age period. Although HW is a teaching tool frequently used by teachers, it is still a topic little explored by scholars and researchers. Based on liberal ideas, it is seen only as an extension of the content given in the classroom that needs to be fixed and/or memorized. Due to this understanding, it contributes little or nothing to the psychological development of students. However, there are theoretical-conceptual elements that make it possible to highlight its importance for students' cultural readaptation. It is concluded that there is a need to modify or transform the practice of using HW, so that its purposes can be consistent with the reasons for SA, in the sense of forming theoretical thinking.

Is Generative Artificial Intelligence the Next Step Toward a Personalized Hemodialysis?

ABSTRACT Artificial intelligence (AI) generative models driven by the integration of AI and natural language processing technologies, such as OpenAI's chatbot generative pre-trained transformer large language model (LLM), are receiving much public attention and have the potential to transform personalized medicine. Dialysis patients are highly dependent on technology and their treatment generates a challenging large volume of data that has to be analyzed for knowledge extraction. We argue that, by integrating the data acquired from hemodialysis treatments with the powerful conversational capabilities of LLMs, nephrologists could personalize treatments adapted to patients' lifestyles and preferences. We also argue that this new conversational AI integrated with a personalized patient-computer interface will enhance patients' engagement and self-care by providing them with a more personalized experience. However, generative AI models require continuous and accurate updates of data, and expert supervision and must address potential biases and limitations. Dialysis patients can also benefit from other new emerging technologies such as Digital Twins with which patients' care can also be addressed from a personalized medicine perspective. In this paper, we will revise LLMs potential strengths in terms of their contribution to personalized medicine, and, in particular, their potential impact, and limitations in nephrology. Nephrologists' collaboration with AI academia and companies, to develop algorithms and models that are more transparent, understandable, and trustworthy, will be crucial for the next generation of dialysis patients. The combination of technology, patient-specific data, and AI should contribute to create a more personalized and interactive dialysis process, improving patients' quality of life.

Predictors of early catheter replacement after HoLEP. Results from a high-volume laser center

ABSTRACT Introduction: The aim of the study was to investigate clinical and surgical factors associated with early catheter replacement in patients treated with Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate (HoLEP). Materials and Methods: Data of patients treated with HoLEP at our Institution by a single surgeon from March 2017 to January 2021 were collected. Preoperative variables, including non-invasive uroflowmetry and abdominal ultrasonography (US), were recorded. Bladder wall modifications (BWM) at preoperative US were defined as the presence of single or multiple bladder diverticula or bladder wall thickening ≥5 mm. Clinical symptoms were assessed using validated questionnaires. Only events occurred within the first week after catheter removal were considered. Results: Overall, 305 patients were included, of which 46 (15.1%) experienced early catheter replacement. Maintenance of anticoagulants/antiplatelets (AC/AP) therapy at surgery (p=0.001), indwelling urinary catheter (p=0.02) and the presence of BWM (p=0.001) were more frequently reported in patients needing postoperative re-catheterization. Intraoperative complications (p=0.02) and median lasing time (p=0.02) were significantly higher in this group. At univariate analysis, indwelling urinary catheter (p=0.02), BWM (p=0.01), ongoing AC/AP therapy (p=0.01) and intraoperative complications (p=0.01) were significantly associated with early catheter replacement. At multivariate analysis, indwelling urinary catheter (OR: 1.28; p=0.02), BWM (OR: 2.87; p=0.001), and AC/AP therapy (OR: 2.21; p=0.01) were confirmed as independent predictors of catheter replacement. Conclusions: In our experience the presence of indwelling urinary catheter before surgery, BWM and the maintenance of AC/AP therapy were shown to be independent predictors of early catheter replacement after HoLEP.

Síndrome de Burnout e o senso de coerência em profissionais de enfermagem / Burnout syndrome and coherence sense in nursing professionals

Este estudo analisou a síndrome de Burnout e o senso de coerência em profissionais de enfermagem durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Para tanto, 61 profissionais da região Centro-Oeste do Brasil responderam aos instrumentos Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) e Senso de Coerência (SOC), em questionário do Google Forms. Os resultados indicaram que o domínio com maior pontuação média no MBI foi a "Realização pessoal" (M=3,95; DP=0,53), seguida pela "Exaustão emocional" (M=2,82; DP=0,83). Houve associação significante entre domínios do MBI e as dimensões do SOC-13, com pontuações mais altas em "Compreensão" e "Manejo" do SOC, associadas a menor "Exaustão emocional" (r_S de -0,447 e -0,572) e "Despersonalização" (r_S de -0,339 e -0,383). Foi observada relação significante entre o apoio psicológico no trabalho e a redução do nível de exaustão (valor p ≤ 0,001). Esses achados fornecem contribuições relevantes para o desenvolvimento de ações direcionadas aos profissionais da enfermagem, destacando a importância do apoio psicológico e do fortalecimento do senso de coerência.

This study analyzed Burnout and sense of coherence in nursing professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic. To do so, 61 professionals of the Center-West region of Brazil answered the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and Sense of Coherence (SOC) instruments through a Google Forms questionnaire. The results suggested that the domain with the highest mean score in the MBI was "Personal accomplishment" (M=3.95; SD=0,53), followed by "Emotional exhaustion" (M=2.82; SD=0,83). There was a significant association between the MBI domains and the SOC-13 dimensions, with higher scores in "Comprehensibility" and "Manageability" of SOC, associated to lower "Emotional exhaustion" (r_S of -0.447 and -0.572) e "Depersonalization" (r_S of -0.339 and -0.383). A significant relationship was found between the psychological support at work and a decrease in the exhaustion level (p-value ≤ 0.001). These findings provide relevant contributions to devise actions focused on nursing professionals, highlighting the importance of psychological support and the strengthening of the sense of coherence.

Retos de los comités de ética de investigación / Challenges for research ethics committees

En los últimos años, el avance científico y tecnológico es una confirmación de la importancia de la investigación científica en la generación de conocimientos. Se debe recordar que éstos, al igual que la ciencia, son dinámicos; es decir, están en constante actualización por el avance de la investigación. Si bien, la investigación permite acercarse a la verdad, nunca la alcanza por ser relativa. Así mismo, la investigación científica en los diferentes campos de la ciencia, constituye un pilar fundamental en el desarrollo humano y ha contribuido a mejorar la calidad de vida y el bienestar de las personas. La ética en la investigación, exige que ésta se realice cumpliendo los tres principios éticos básicos: el respeto a los sujetos de investigación, la beneficencia y justicia. Finalmente, se quiere concluir en que el reto más importante que afrontamos es considerar que la evaluación ética constituye un SISTEMA, integrado por: el Gobierno, las instituciones donde funcionan los Comités de Ética, los patrocinadores, los investigadores; quienes deberán brindar las normas, infraestructura, logística e información, aspectos necesarios para que un comité (componente más importante del sistema) garantice que toda investigación biomédica con seres humanos, sea íntegramente ética

Relação entre risco e medo de queda em idosas participantes de um projeto social / The relationship between the risk and fear of falling in older women participating in social project

Objetivo: Verificar a relação entre o risco e o medo da queda em idosas participantes de um projeto social. Métodos: Estudo transversal, realizado com 59 idosas participantes de um projeto social ofertado no município de Cianorte­PR. Para avaliar o medo de cair foi utilizada a FES-1-BRASIL. Para avaliação da mobilidade da marcha e risco de queda foi aplicado o teste Timed Up & Go (TUG). Para análise dos dados foi utilizado a estatística descritiva (frequência, percentual, média e desvio padrão), o teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov, teste t de Student independente e a correlação de Pearson, sendo adotada a significância de p< 0,05. Resultados: Idosas apresentaram risco moderado a alto de cair. Ao analisar o medo de cair das idosas, observou-se o escore médio de 27,4 ± 6,91. Já ao avaliar a mobilidade e equilíbrio de idosos através do TUG, verificou-se que o tempo médio foi de 11,6 ± 2,9 segundos. As idosas mais jovens e que estavam há mais de três anos no projeto apresentaram menor medo de cair e menor risco de queda (p= 0,039 e p= 0,001, respectivamente). Foram encontras as seguintes correlações significativas (p< 0,05): medo de cair com tempo de participação no projeto (r= -0,42); risco de queda com a idade (r= 0,29) e medo de cair (r= 0,56). Conclusão: A partir dos resultados obtidos, conclui-se que a idade e o tempo de participação no projeto parecem ser fatores intervenientes no medo de cair e no risco de quedas das idosas. Ressalta-se que as idosas mais jovens e com maior tempo de participação no projeto apresentaram menor medo e risco de cair. Além disso, foi possível observar que quanto maior o risco de queda, maior o medo de cair.

Objective: To verify the relationship between risk and fear of falling in older women participating of social projects. Methods: Cross-sectional study, conducted with 59 older women participating in a social project offered by the city of Cianorte-PR. To assess the fear of falling, the FES-1-BRASIL was used. To assess gait mobility and risk of falling, the Timed Up & Go (TUG) test was applied. Descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation), the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, independent student's t test and Pearson's correlation were used for data analysis, with a significance of p< 0.05. Results: the older women had a moderate to high risk of falling. The analysis of the elderly women's fear of falling evidenced a mean score of 27.4 ± 6.91. Regarding mobility and balance, it was found that the average time to perform the TUG was 11.6 ± 2.9 seconds. Women under 70 years of age who had been in the project for more than three years had less fear and lower risk of falling (p= 0.039 and p= 0.001, respectively). The following significant correlations were found (p< 0.05): fear of falling with time of participation in the project (r= -0.42); risk of falling with age (r= 0.29) and fear of falling (r= 0.56). Conclusion: From the results obtained, we concluded that age and time of participation in the project seem to be intervening factors in the fear and risk of falling among the elderly women. It is noted that the women under 70 years of age and those with more extended participation in the social project had less fear and risk of falling. In addition, it was possible to observe that the he risk of falling is directly associated with the fear of falling.

Violência, sociedade de classes e capitalismo: o que pode revelar a psicologia? / Violence, class society and capitalism: critical reflexions for the psicology? / Violencia, sociedad de classes y capitalismo: reflexiones criticas para la psicología?

O Brasil é um dos países mais violentos do mundo e esse fato convoca a Psicologia a explicar a violência e suas implicações para a vida dos sujeitos. Nosso objetivo é discutir a importância da análise da violência social em sua dimensão estrutural como aspecto norteador para a práxis do/a psicólogo/a frente à violência cotidiana. A explicação materialista histórico-dialética possibilita à Psicologia, como área científica e campo profissional, superar concepções que tomam a violência como um processo de características universais e estanques e, também, as dicotomias que marcaram e marcam a Psicologia no que diz respeito ao desenvolvimento humano. Este artigo apresenta parte dos resultados da tese da pesquisa bibliográfica realizada em um período de doutoramento (2017 ­ 2022) e discute os pressupostos teórico-metodológicos fundamentais à práxis da Psicologia que tem a violência como objeto de reflexão e de intervenção. Como resultados apresentamos que a atuação profissional do/a psicólogo/a exige que as violências sejam tomadas como objeto de reflexão teórica a partir dos pressupostos teóricos-metodológicos do materialismo histórico-dialético, cujos fundamentam orientam uma compreensão sobre o fenômeno que supera interpretações abstratas, moralistas e individualizantes da violência. Orienta, portanto, uma práxis assentada na indissociabilidade entre formação singular dos sujeitos e as condições sociais de um determinado momento histórico. Orienta também para um trabalho que não somente revele as violências e desigualdades vividas sob o capitalismo, mas as denuncie e enfrente nos seus diversos espaços de trabalho.(AU)

Brazil is one of the most violent countries in the world and this fact calls Psychology to explain violence and its implications for the constitution of subjects. Our objective, recovering the Vygotskian thesis on the social formation of the psyche, is to discuss the importance of analyzing social violence in its structural dimension as a guiding aspect for the psychologist's praxis in face of everyday violence. The historical-dialectical materialist explanation allows Psychology, as a scientific area and professional field, to overcome conceptions that take violence as a process with universal and watertight characteristics, and the dichotomies that have marked and mark Psychology about human development. Methodologically, in the research (2018-2021), we chose the literature review from classical and contemporary sources, as well as survey, selection and analysis of documents/reports on violence in Brazil. The results indicate that by taking violence as an object of theoretical reflection, the psychologist can exercise a praxis that confronts the conditions that produce violence in capitalist society, without losing sight of the struggle against its daily manifestations and singular. It concludes the interpretation of objective data on violence in the light of a theory that requires the explanation of the multiple determinations involved in the constitution of subjects who rape and are violated, should be continued. They instrumentalize the psychologist's praxis and lead to the effective participation of Psychology in the public policies of education, health and social assistance and the continuous renewal of the manifestations of the contradictions that capitalism promotes.(AU)

Brasil es uno de los países más violentos del mundo y este hecho llama a la Psicología a explicar la violencia y sus implicaciones para la constitución de los sujetos. Nuestro objetivo, recuperando la tesis vygotskiana sobre la formación social de la psique, es discutir la importancia de analizar la violencia social en su dimensión estructural como aspecto rector de la praxis del psicólogo frente a la violencia cotidiana. La explicación materialista histórico-dialéctica permite que la Psicología, como área científica y campo profesional, supere concepciones que toman la violencia como un proceso con características universales y estancas, y también las dicotomías que han marcado y marcado a la Psicología con respecto al desarrollo humano. Metodológicamente, en la investigación (2018-2021), elegimos la revisión de la literatura de fuentes clásicas y contemporáneas, así como el relevamiento, selección y análisis de documentos / informes sobre violencia en Brasil. Los resultados indican que, al tomar la violencia como objeto de reflexión teórica, el psicólogo es capaz de ejercer una praxis que confronta las condiciones que producen la violencia en la sociedad capitalista, sin perder de vista la lucha contra sus manifestaciones cotidianas y singulares. Concluye la interpretación de datos objetivos sobre la violencia a la luz de una teoría que requiere la explicación de las múltiples determinaciones implicadas en la constitución de los sujetos que violan y son violados, debe continuarse. Instrumentalizan la praxis del psicólogo y conducen a la participación efectiva de la Psicología en las políticas públicas de educación, salud y asistencia social y a la renovación continua de las manifestaciones de las contradicciones que promueve el capitalismo. (AU)