Violência, saúde e rede de atenção: a experiência do Fórum Comunitário de Combate à Violência / Violence, health and care network: the experience of the Communitarian Forum on Combat Violence

Problema de saúde pública de prevalência na América Latina, a violência é uma realidade que atinge às sociedades desde o inicio mesmo da história da humanidade, gerando danos físicos e emocionais, desestabilização politica, econômica e social e milhares de perdas humanas. O crescimento exacerbado das violências, sobretudo nos grandes centros urbanos, tem exigido cada vez mais aos governos e às sociedades formular propostas de intervenção e atenção para reduzir seus impactos e atender às vítimas. Uma resposta a esta questão foi o caso do Fórum Comunitário de Combate à Violência, instancia não-governamental que funciona em Salvador. É assim como este projeto propõe realizar uma aproximação etnográfica ao Fórum, visando analisar o processo de gestão e mobilização deste, o aspecto intersetorial inerente a ele, a participação do movimento popular da região e as ações desenvolvidas para além do escopo central de atuação das intervenções. Para isto, foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas aos gestores desta iniciativa e acompanhei algumas atividades por ali se realizam.

Public health problem of prevalence in Latin America, violence is a reality that reaches to societies even from the beginning of human history, causing physical and emotional damages, political, economic and social destabilizing and thousands of human losses. The overgrowth of violence, especially in large urban centers, have increasingly required to governments and societies formulate proposals for intervention and attention to reduce their impacts and assist victims. An answer to this question was the case of the Communitarian Forum on Combat Violence, nongovernmental instance works in Salvador. This is how this project proposes to conduct an ethnographic approach to the Forum in order to analyze the process of management and mobilization of the intersectoral aspect inherent to it, the participation of the popular movement in the region and the actions undertaken beyond the scope of action of central interventions . For this, semi-structured interviews were conducted with managers of this initiative and accompanied by some activities take place there.

Endurance and Strength Athlete's Heart: Analysis of Myocardial Deformation by Speckle Tracking Echocardiography

BACKGROUND: Intensive training induces two morphological myocardial typologies of athlete's heart. Endurance training (ET) induces eccentric remodeling, bradycardia and better diastolic filling. Strength training (ST) determines concentric chamber remodelling maintaining a normal heart rate (HR). Aim of the study was to compare ET and ST athletes' heart using speckle tracking echocardiography (STE). METHODS: 33 professional ET, 36 ST athletes, and 17 healthy controls (CT) were enrolled. All subjects underwent standard transthoracic echocardiography at rest and STE. RESULTS: In ET group, HR was lower than ST group and CT group (p < 0.001; p < 0.01). ET group had higher E/A ratio than ST group and CT group (p < 0.01; p < 0.001). The left ventricular apical circumferential strain in ET group was lower than ST group and CT group (-21.6 +/- 4.1% vs. -26.8 +/- 7.7%, p < 0.05; vs. -27.8 +/- 5.6%, p < 0.01). ET group had lower left ventricular twist (LVT) and untwisting (UTW) than ST group (6.2 +/- 0.1degrees vs. 12.0 +/- 0.1degrees, p < 0.01; -67.3 +/- 22.9degrees/s vs. -122.5 +/- 52.8degrees/s, p < 0.01) and CT group (10.0 +/- 0.1degrees, p < 0.01; -103.3 +/- 29.3degrees/s, p < 0.01). The univariate analysis showed significant correlation between E/A ratio and HR (r = -0.54; p < 0.001), LVT (r = -0.45; p < 0.01), UTW (r = 0.24; p < 0.05). At the multivariate analysis only HR was confirmed as independent predictor of diastolic function in all groups (Beta -0.52; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: In ET there was a better global systolic and diastolic functional reserve at rest observed with strain analysis and it maybe depended on autonomic modulation.