Polyphenols isolated from Acacia mearnsii bark with anti-inflammatory and carbolytic enzyme inhibitory activities / 中国天然药物

The present study was designed to characterize the polyphenols isolated from Acacia mearnsii bark crude extract (B) and fractions (B1-B7) obtained by high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) and evaluate their anti-inflammatory and carbolytic enzymes (α-glucosidase and α-amylase) inhibitory activities. Fractions B4, B5, B6, B7 (total phenolics 850.3, 983.0, 843.9, and 572.5 mg·g, respectively; proanthocyanidins 75.7, 90.5, 95.0, and 44.8 mg·g, respectively) showed significant activities against reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO) production, and expression of pro-inflammatory genes interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated mouse macrophage cell line RAW 264.7. All the extracts suppressed α-glucosidase and α-amylase activities, two primary enzymes responsible for carbohydrate digestion. A. mearnsii bark samples possessed significantly stronger inhibitory effects against α-glucosidase enzyme (IC of 0.4-1.4 μg·mL) than the pharmaceutical acarbose (IC 141.8 μg·mL). B6 and B7 (IC 17.6 and 11.7 μg·mL, respectively) exhibited α-amylase inhibitory activity as efficacious as acarbose (IC 15.4 μg·mL). Moreover, B extract, at 25 µg·mL, significantly decreased the non-mitochondrial oxidative burst that is often associated with inflammatory response in human monocytic macrophages.

Pharmaco-chemical investigations of plantago ovata aerial parts

The ethanolic extract of aerial parts of Plantago ovata was successively fractionated into ether, ethyl acetate and n-butanol- ethyl acetate [5:1] soluble fractions. The phenolic fraction of the ether extract afforded the coumarins; imperatorin, xanthotoxin, bergapten, umbeliferone, xanthtoxol and marmesin. The unsaponifiable fraction revealed high percentage of beta-sitosterol and stigmasterol, while the saponifiable part indicated high percentage of palmitolenic and palmitic acids. The ethyl acetate extract afforded a major compound identified as verbascoside and four flavonoids identified as luteolin-7-0-beta-glucopyranoside, luteolin-4-0-beta- glucopyranoside, quercetin 3-0-rhamnoside and the highly methoxylated calycopterin. Also, the n-butanol-ethyl acetate extract showed the same compound verbascoside as a major component. All isolated compounds were identified by chemical and spectral methods of analysis. The analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of the ethanolic extract fractions [Et2O, EtOAc and n-BuOH-EtOAc] and the major constituent verbascoside were determined on rats

Flavonoids and pharmacology activity of vernonia galamensis ssp. galamensis var. petitiana M. Gillbert

Six main flavonoids [quercetin, quercetin 3-0-beta-D-glucoside, quercetin 3-0-beta-D-galactoside, isorhamnetin 7-alpha-L-rhamnoside isorhamnetin 3-0-alpha-L-rhamnosyl [1-6] beta-D-glucopyranoside, isorhamnetin 3-0-beta-D-apio-furanosyl [1-2] beta-D- galactopyranoside] were isolated from the alcoholic extract of Vernonia galamensis ssp. Galemensis var. Petitiana [A. Rich] M. Gilbert [Compositeae]. Their identities were established by 1H and 13C-NMR. A quantitative estimation of the total flavonoids in the alcoholic extract by spectrophotometric method was also accomplished. The pharmacological activity of the extract showed a remarkable antiulcerogenic activity