Comparison of dietary intake in children with type I diabetes mellitus and controls

The purpose of nutritional recommendations for children with type I diabetes mellitus [1DDM] is the control of blood sugar to decrease the long term complications of diabetes such as cardiovascular disease that should be prevented from the early childhood Still there are no precise data on compliance with these recommendations in diabetic children. To compare the dietary intake of children with IDDM and Controls and with current recommendations for children with IDDM. In this case-control study, 143 IDDM children and adolescents aged 4-18 years who visited at least three times a year in our research center were selected by continuous convenient sampling. Their nutrient intake was compared with 147 healthy controls matched for age, sex and area of residence. The nutrient content were analyzed by using the Nutritionist III software package and data were analyzed through SPSS software package [version 6]. P value <0.05 was considered significant. The data are presented as mean [ +/- SD] and frequencies. In the 4-6 years age group, the intake of total calories and fiber, in the 7-10 years age group intake of fiber, fat, protein, carbohydrate, sugar and saturated fatty acid [SFA], also the percentage of calorie intake from, fat, protein, carbohydrate, sugar and SFA, in the 10-14 year age group intake of sugar and fiber, also the energy intake from poly unsaturated fatty acid [PUFA] and sugar and in the 15-18 year age group the intake of fiber, total calorie, protein, carbohydrate and sugar in diabetic children were higher than the control group. In all age groups the energy intake of carbohydrates and fats were in the standard allowance limits, while percentage of energy consumed from protein in all age groups was slightly higher than standard allowances, bringing about the risk of nephropathy in diabetic children. The intake of fiber decreased by age and SFA intake increased by age, so, dietary educational measures on a national basis are needed to change unhealthy eating pattern in our community

Comparison of dietary intake between children with type 1 diabetes mellitus and control group

The goal of dietary recommendations in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus is to achieve moderate to good control of blood glucose regarding to decrease in diabetic long-term complications. Although educational programs on appropriate dietary habits are offered in Isfahan Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center for diabetic patients, there is no information about their dietary habits. This study has been performed to investigate dietary intake in children with diabetes mellitus type1 and to compare the results with that of non-diabetic ones. A cross-sectional study was performed in two groups of healthy and diabetic children. Data were collected by questionnaire and interview. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were determined by content validity and pilot study. Data were described and analyzed by t-student and Pearson correlation tests in four age groups, using SPSS software. Findings showed that in "A" age group the intake of total calorie and fiber, in "B" age group the intake of fiber, fat, protein, carbohydrate, sugar and SFA, also fat, protein, carbohydrate, sugar and SFA-derived calorie consumption, in "C" age group the intake of sugar and fiber, also PUFA and sugar-derived calorie consumption and in "D" age group the intake of fiber, total calorie, protein, carbohydrate and sugar were higher in diabetic children as compared with the control group. In all subjects, the intake of carbohydrate and total fat was the same as standard recommendations, while protein intake was a little higher which increases the risk of diabetic nephropathy. In all study groups, fiber intake has been decreased with increasing the age, so it is suggested to have dietary educational programs for general population with the goal of changing the life style of people, which itself can result in less social isolation in school-aged diabetic children