Evaluation of the role of perceived quality and satisfaction of beneficiaries about the health care services and benefits of community clinics in Bangladesh

Introduction@#Community clinics provide one-stop healthcare services that is vital in primary healthcare. Measuring users' contentment is imperative to improving the quality of care at the doorsteps of the people. This article focuses on community clinics' importance and overall client satisfaction in Bangladesh. @*Methods@#A cross-sectional survey was conducted from March to April 2019. Sixteen Upazilas from eight districts in Bangladesh were randomly selected for conducting interviews. The survey compiled local data regarding client satisfaction with the health care service of community clinics in Bangladesh.@* Results@#A total of 760 female participants provided data. The majority (41%) were in the age group 18-24 years. This group showed more satisfaction than others (Odds Ratio 1.44). Childless married women were also more satisfied with the community clinic services than others (Odds Ratio 1.64). Furthermore, gender, education, and economic perspective were positive aspects of getting service from community clinics. @*Conclusion@#Although there is a challenge balancing psychosocial and medical care, promoting client-oriented care with a focus on overall comfort concerning the culture of the area is vital. This can be done with community-focused training and explaining written prescriptions better, including signs, symptoms, treatment, and referral points. Government backing has also been shown to be a strengthening source regarding primary healthcare services.

In silico identification and characterization of common epitope-based peptide vaccine for Nipah and Hendra viruses

OBJECTIVE@#To explore a common B- and T-cell epitope-based vaccine that can elicit an immune response against encephalitis causing genus Henipaviruses, Hendra virus (HeV) and Nipah virus (NiV).@*METHODS@#Membrane proteins F, G and M of HeV and NiV were retrieved from the protein database and subjected to different bioinformatics tools to predict antigenic B-cell epitopes. Best B-cell epitopes were then analyzed to predict their T-cell antigenic potentiality. Antigenic B- and T-cell epitopes that shared maximum identity with HeV and NiV were selected. Stability of the selected epitopes was predicted. Finally, the selected epitopes were subjected to molecular docking simulation with HLA-DR to confirm their antigenic potentiality in silico.@*RESULTS@#One epitope from G proteins, one from M proteins and none from F proteins were selected based on their antigenic potentiality. The epitope from the G proteins was stable whereas that from M was unstable. The M-epitope was made stable by adding flanking dipeptides. The 15-mer G-epitope (VDPLRVQWRNNSVIS) showed at least 66% identity with all NiV and HeV G protein sequences, while the 15-mer M-epitope (GKLEFRRNNAIAFKG) with the dipeptide flanking residues showed 73% identity with all NiV and HeV M protein sequences available in the database. Molecular docking simulation with most frequent MHC class-II (MHC II) and class-I (MHC I) molecules showed that these epitopes could bind within HLA binding grooves to elicit an immune response.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Data in our present study revealed the notion that the epitopes from G and M proteins might be the target for peptide-based subunit vaccine design against HeV and NiV. However, the biochemical analysis is necessary to experimentally validate the interaction of epitopes individually with the MHC molecules through elucidation of immunity induction.

In silico identification and characterization of common epitope-based peptide vaccine for Nipah and Hendra viruses

Objective To explore a common B- and T-cell epitope-based vaccine that can elicit an immune response against encephalitis causing genus Henipaviruses, Hendra virus (HeV) and Nipah virus (NiV). Methods Membrane proteins F, G and M of HeV and NiV were retrieved from the protein database and subjected to different bioinformatics tools to predict antigenic B-cell epitopes. Best B-cell epitopes were then analyzed to predict their T-cell antigenic potentiality. Antigenic B- and T-cell epitopes that shared maximum identity with HeV and NiV were selected. Stability of the selected epitopes was predicted. Finally, the selected epitopes were subjected to molecular docking simulation with HLA-DR to confirm their antigenic potentiality in silico. Results One epitope from G proteins, one from M proteins and none from F proteins were selected based on their antigenic potentiality. The epitope from the G proteins was stable whereas that from M was unstable. The M-epitope was made stable by adding flanking dipeptides. The 15-mer G-epitope (VDPLRVQWRNNSVIS) showed at least 66% identity with all NiV and HeV G protein sequences, while the 15-mer M-epitope (GKLEFRRNNAIAFKG) with the dipeptide flanking residues showed 73% identity with all NiV and HeV M protein sequences available in the database. Molecular docking simulation with most frequent MHC class-II (MHC II) and class-I (MHC I) molecules showed that these epitopes could bind within HLA binding grooves to elicit an immune response. Conclusions Data in our present study revealed the notion that the epitopes from G and M proteins might be the target for peptide-based subunit vaccine design against HeV and NiV. However, the biochemical analysis is necessary to experimentally validate the interaction of epitopes individually with the MHC molecules through elucidation of immunity induction.