Linderae Radix water extract treats diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome in rats: a serum metabolomics study / 中国中药杂志

This study aims to investigate the mechanism of Linderae Radix water extract(LRWE) in the prevention and treatment of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome(IBS-D) based on serum metabolomics. Eighteen 2-week-old male SD rats were randomized into control, IBS-D model, and LRWE groups. The rats in other groups except the control group received gavage of senna concentrate combined with restraint stress for the modeling of IBS-D. The rats in the LRWE group were administrated with LRWE(5.4 g·kg~(-1)) by gavage, and those in the control and IBS-D model groups with an equal volume of distilled water for a total of 14 days. The visceral sensitivity was evaluated by the abdominal withdrawal reflex(AWR) score, and the degree of diarrhea was assessed by the fecal water content(FWC). The morphological changes of the colon and the morphology and number of goblet cells were observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE) and periodic acid-schiff(PAS) staining, respectively. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS) was used for the screening of the potential biomarkers in the rat serum and their related metabolic pathways. The results showed that LRWE reduced the AWR score, decreased FWC, and alleviated visceral sensitivity and diarrhea symptoms in IBS-D rats. HE and PAS staining showed that LRWE mitigated low-grade intestinal inflammation and increased the number of mature secretory goblet cells in the colonic epithelium of IBS-D rats. A total of 25 potential biomarkers of LRWE in treating IBS-D were screened out in this study, which were mainly involved in riboflavin, tryptophan, glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, and cysteine and methionine metabolism. The regulatory effects were the most significant on the riboflavin and tryptophan metabolism pathways. LRWE may alleviate the visceral hypersensitivity by promoting energy metabolism and amino acid metabolism, enhancing intestinal barrier function, and improving intestinal immune function in IBS-D rats.

Primary ovarian squamous cell carcinoma: clinicopathological features and prognostic analysis of fifteen cases / 中华病理学杂志

Objective: To assess the clinical features and treatment outcomes in patients with primary ovarian squamous cell carcinoma (POSCC). Methods: Fifteen patients with primary ovarian squamous cell carcinoma diagnosed from January 2009 to December 2018 in Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences were collected. The expression of p16, hMLH1, hMSH2, hMSH6 and PMS2 in POSCC was detected by immunohistochemistry, and the status of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) by RNAscope test. Results: Squamous cell carcinoma with different degrees of differentiation was found in 15 cases, including three cases with high differentiation and 12 cases with medium to low differentiation. There were four cases with in situ squamous cell carcinoma, four cases with teratoma, one case with endometrial carcinoma/atypical hyperplasia, and one case with endometriosis. p16 was expressed in five cases (5/15), indicating coexisting high-risk HPV infection. There was no high-risk HPV infection in the remaining 10 cases, and p16 staining was negative. There was no deficient mismatch repair protein in all cases. The overall survival time (P=0.038) and progression free survival (P=0.045) of patients with high-risk HPV infection were longer than those without HPV infection. Conclusions: POSCC is more commonly noted in postmenopausal women and often occurs unilaterally. Elevated serological indexes CA125 and SCC are the most common finding. Morphologically, the tumors show variable degrees of differentiation, but the current data suggest that the degree of differentiation cannot be used as an independent prognostic index. High-risk HPV infection may be associated with the occurrence of POSCC, and that the prognosis of POSCC patients with HPV infection is better than that of patients without infection.

Severe pneumonia caused by complex bacterial infections: a case report and literature review / 中国基层医药

Objective:To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of severe pneumonia caused by unexplained complex infections by analyzing and summarizing the clinical data of one patient with severe pneumonia.Methods:We included one case of severe pneumonia who was cured in the Department of Critical Care Medicine of Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital in 2018. We used descriptive methods to analyze the case data and reviewed pieces of literature related to clinical data collected during diagnosis and treatment.Results:The 34-year-old male patient had chest tightness and asthma attacks in December 2017. He received treatment in Departments of Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care Medicine, Class III Grade A hospitals outside Anhui Province. Chest CT scans showed atelectasis and consolidation of the right lung, and bilateral pleural effusion. Laboratory test results suggested widespread drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, Aspergillus, and Candida infections. Cardiac color Doppler ultrasound images suggested pulmonary hypertension. He had recurrent respiratory failure. After mechanical ventilation, he had septic shock. These findings indicated severe pneumonia. Later, he was escorted by a 120 ambulance hospital transportation car from Guangzhou to the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital to alleviate respiratory failure and shock. During hospitalization, the patient underwent nasal feeding because of an aspiration mistake. He was also subject to an active anti-infection, nutritional support, and airway management. The patient's condition improved, but respiratory failure could not be completely alleviated. After experimental anti-tuberculosis treatment, the patient was discharged because his condition improved. The patient was treated for a total of 102 days. Conclusion:A single pathogen or a single pathogenic factor is involved in community-acquired severe pneumonia in young and middle-aged patients. During diagnosis and treatment of severe pneumonia, laboratory test results have a guiding significance for judging the patient's condition. Diagnosis of severe pneumonia caused by unexplained complex infections does not simply rely on laboratory test results. Under the condition of infection by non-specific pathogens such as tuberculosis, severe pneumonia should be treated after analyzing clinical manifestations, asking the medical history in detail, carefully monitoring the changes in disease condition, paying attention to details, and finding the pathological factors.

Application and progress of data mining in study of compatibility law of traditional Chinese medicine / 中国中药杂志

Data mining is an important method to obtain the key information from a large amount of data, and it is widely applied in the research on the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM). The compatibility law of herbs is a key issue in the research of TCM prescriptions. This reflects the flexibility and effectiveness of TCM prescriptions, and it is also a crucial link to the development of TCM modernization. Therefore, it is the core purpose of the research on TCM prescriptions to find the compatibility law of herbs and clarify the scientific connotation. Data mining, as an effective method and an important approach, has formed a standardized system in the research of compatibility law of herbs, which can reveal the relationship between different Chinese herbs and summarize the internal rules in compatibility. Two hundred and twenty two effective papers were sorted out and categorized in this article. The results showed that data mining was mainly applied in finding the core Chinese herb pairs, summarizing the utility and attributes of TCM prescriptions, revealing the relationship between prescriptions, Chinese herbs and syndromes, finding the optimal dose of Chinese herbs, and producing the new prescriptions. The problems of data mining in research of herbs compatibility rules were summarized, and its development and trend in current researches were discussed in this article to provide useful references for the in-depth study of data mining in the compatibility law of Chinese herbs.

Meta-analysis of Oral Chinese Medicine for Adjuvant Treatment of Primary Hepatic Carcinoma and Screening of Basic Chinese Herbs / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To systematically evaluate the efficacy of oral Chinese herbal prescriptions combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization （TACE） against primary hepatic carcinoma （PHC） and screen the basic Chinese herbs，in order to provide certain reference for clinical medication. Method:The randomized controlled trials concerning the treatment of PHC with oral Chinese herbal prescriptions plus TACE were retrieved from CBM，China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI），Chongqing Weipu Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals （VIP），and Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform.The quality of the included trials was evaluated by Cochrane handbook，and the Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3.The enumeration data were expressed by odds ratio （OR），the measurement data by mean difference （MD） or standardized mean difference （SMD），and the effect size by 95% confidence interval （CI）.The data of oral Chinese herbal prescriptions involved in trials were sorted out and subjected to association rule analysis and frequency analysis based on the Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance Support System （TCMISS），for exploring the basic Chinese herbs and their dosages against PHC. Result:A total of 75 randomized controlled trials were included，involving 7 406 cases. As revealed by the Meta-analysis，oral Chinese herbal prescriptions combined with TACE was significantly better than TACE alone in improving the short-term curative effect ［OR=2.05，95%CI（1.83，2.29）］，decreasing alpha fetoprotein （AFP） ［MD=-59.02，95%CI（-79.03，-39.01）］，ameliorating liver function ［SMD=-1.23，95%CI（-1.58，-0.88）］，boosting immunity ［SMD=1.08，95%CI（0.84，1.32）］，adjusting Karnofsky Performance Status （KPS） scale score ［OR=2.7，95%CI（1.11，11.02）］，elevating survival rate ［OR=2.31，95%CI（1.96，2.71）］，and reducing adverse reactions ［OR=0.38，95%CI（0.34，0.43）］.Data mining results showed that the basic Chinese herbs against PHC were Bupleuri Radix，Paeoniae Alba Radix，Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma，Poria，and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma，with their clinical dosages listed as follows：6-15 g for Bupleuri Radix，10-15 g for Paeoniae Alba Radix，9-15 g for Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma，10-15 g for Poria，and 3-10 g for Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma. Conclusion:The oral Chinese herbal prescriptions combined with TACE produce better effects in treatment of PHC as compared with TACE alone.These five basic Chinese herbs have anti-cancer effect，and their dosages are within the ranges stipulated in 2020 edition of <italic>Chinese Pharmacopoeia.</italic>This Meta-analysis has provided certain reference for clinical medication.

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Pogostemon cablin Based on AFLP Markers / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:This paper aims to study the genetic diversity of <italic>Pogostemon cablin</italic> by amplified fragment length polymorphism （AFLP） markers. Method:The 12 pairs of primers were used for AFLP analysis of 212 samples from 14 varieties，and biological analysis software such as POPGENE 32，Arlequinver 3.5，MEGA 7 and NTSYSpc 2.10e were used for polymorphism parameter calculation，principal coordinate analysis and cluster analysis. Result:A total of 2 238 loci were amplified by 12 pairs of primers. 2 226 of them were polymorphic loci， accounting for 99.38%. At the inter-population level，the values of effective alleles（<italic>Ne</italic>），Nei's gene diversity index（<italic>H</italic>），Shannon polymorphic information index（<italic>I</italic>） were 1.365 6±0.066 3， 0.220 7±0.036 4， and 0.343 7±0.050 2，respectively；and 1.118 5±0.038 7，0.071 3±0.023 0，0.109 4±0.035 0，respectively at the intra-population level. Analysis of molecular variance（AMOVA）showed that 71.57% of the total variation of <italic>P. cablin</italic> was of inter-population nature， and 28.43% was of intra-population nature. The 14 populations could be divided into four groups by cluster analysis. Conclusion:The results of AFLP molecular markers showed that abundant genetic diversity was present at inter-population level of <italic>P. cablin</italic>，however，relatively low at intra-population level； the genetic differentiation at the inter-population level was significant，which could provide a reference for the subsequent study of good germplasm selection of <italic>P. cablin</italic>.

Biosynthesis and metabolism regulation of terpenoids in Pogostemon cablin: a review / 中国中药杂志

The terpenoids in Pogostemon cablin have complex structures and abundant pharmacological effects. Patchouli alcohol(PA) and pogostone(PO) have a high medicinal value by virtue of anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant, and other biological activities. Due to the low content of terpenoid metabolites in P. cablin, the study of biosynthesis and metabolism regulation can provide a biosynthetic basis for obtaining high-content terpenoids. In this study, key enzyme genes in biosynthesis, transcription factors in metabolism regulation, spatio-temporal expression of terpene synthase were reviewed, aiming to provide a reference for the development, protection, and utilization of P. cablin resources.

Application of an extreme learning machine network with particle swarm optimization in syndrome classification of primary liver cancer / 中西医结合学报

OBJECTIVE@#By optimizing the extreme learning machine network with particle swarm optimization, we established a syndrome classification and prediction model for primary liver cancer (PLC), classified and predicted the syndrome diagnosis of medical record data for PLC and compared and analyzed the prediction results with different algorithms and the clinical diagnosis results. This paper provides modern technical support for clinical diagnosis and treatment, and improves the objectivity, accuracy and rigor of the classification of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes.@*METHODS@#From three top-level TCM hospitals in Nanchang, 10,602 electronic medical records from patients with PLC were collected, dating from January 2009 to May 2020. We removed the electronic medical records of 542 cases of syndromes and adopted the cross-validation method in the remaining 10,060 electronic medical records, which were randomly divided into a training set and a test set. Based on fuzzy mathematics theory, we quantified the syndrome-related factors of TCM symptoms and signs, and information from the TCM four diagnostic methods. Next, using an extreme learning machine network with particle swarm optimization, we constructed a neural network syndrome classification and prediction model that used "TCM symptoms + signs + tongue diagnosis information + pulse diagnosis information" as input, and PLC syndrome as output. This approach was used to mine the nonlinear relationship between clinical data in electronic medical records and different syndrome types. The accuracy rate of classification was used to compare this model to other machine learning classification models.@*RESULTS@#The classification accuracy rate of the model developed here was 86.26%. The classification accuracy rates of models using support vector machine and Bayesian networks were 82.79% and 85.84%, respectively. The classification accuracy rates of the models for all syndromes in this paper were between 82.15% and 93.82%.@*CONCLUSION@#Compared with the case of data processed using traditional binary inputs, the experiment shows that the medical record data processed by fuzzy mathematics was more accurate, and closer to clinical findings. In addition, the model developed here was more refined, more accurate, and quicker than other classification models. This model provides reliable diagnosis for clinical treatment of PLC and a method to study of the rules of syndrome differentiation and treatment in TCM.

Effects of 5-azacytidine on DNA methylation and index components in patchouliol-type Pogostemon cablin / 中国中药杂志

This study aims to explore the relationship of DNA methylation with the contents of the index components as well as the growth and development of Pogostemon cablin. The demethylation reagent 5-azacytidine(5-azaC) was used to treat the tissue culture seedlings of patchouliol-type P. cablin. High performance liquid chromatography was employed to evaluate the changes of DNA methy-lation in P. cablin, and GC-MS to detect the contents of index components in P.cablin. The agronomic characters of P.cablin were measured using the common methods. The results showcased that DNA methylation of P.cablin was significantly reduced by 5-azaC in a concentration-dependent manner. Thirty days after treatment with 5-azaC at different concentrations, the content of patchouli alcohol changed slightly; compared with that in the control group, the content of pogostone in 50 μmol·L~(-1) and 100 μmol·L~(-1) 5-azaC groups was significantly up-regulated. The 100 μmol·L~(-1) 5-azaC group had the largest differences in contents of pogostone and patchouli alcohol compared with the control group, followed by the 50 μmol·L~(-1) 5-azaC group. Ninety days after disinhibition, the content of pogostone in the treatment group was significantly increased and the content of patchouli alcohol was significantly decreased. In addition, 5-azaC significantly inhibited the growth and development of P.cablin in a dose-dependent manner. These results indicate that DNA methylation regulates the biosynthesis of the index components in patchouliol-type P.cablin and proper demethylation can directly promote the synthesis of pogostone and indirectly affect the accumulation of patchouli alcohol.

Identification of metabolites in rat plasma,bile,urine and feces after oral administration of Cinnamomi Cortex aqueous extract by UPLC-Qtrap-MS / 中国中药杂志

An ultra-performance liquid chromatography hybrid triple quadrupole-linear ion trap mass spectrometry(UPLC-QtrapMS) method was established to identify the metabolites in rat plasma,bile,urine and feces after oral administration of Cinnamomi Cortex(CC) aqueous extract. Several survey experiments,such as enhanced mass spectrum scan(EMS),precursor ion scan(PI),neutral loss scan(NL) and multiple ions monitoring(MIM) were applied to search target components,and two separate enhanced product ion(EPI) scans were triggered via information-dependent acquisition(IDA) method to generate the MS/MS spectra. According to the mass spectrometric data collected from reference standards and reported literature,the structures of metabolites were deduced. A total of76 metabolites and 5 original compounds were tentatively identified in rats after oral administration of CC aqueous extract. Deglycosylation,methylation,sulfonation,and glucuronidation were observed as the primary metabolic pathways for the chemical constituents of CC. These data are able to benefit the clarification of the therapeutic material basis,the clinical usage and further R&D of CC.

Association of Visit-to-Visit Variability of Blood Pressure with Cardiovascular Disease among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Cohort Study

BACKGROUND: Increasing evidence has shown that visit-to-visit variability (VVV) of blood pressure (BP) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of VVV of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) on the risk of CVD among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in China. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 10,163 T2DM patients who were not previously diagnosed with CVD from January 2008 to December 2012 in Ningbo, China. The VVV of BP was calculated using five metrics, including standard deviation (SD), coefficient of variation (CV), variation independent of mean, average real variability, and successive variability (SV) of measurements, obtained over a 24-month measurement period. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by Cox proportional hazards regression models for the associations of variability in BP with risk of CVD. RESULTS: A total of 894 CVD events were observed during a median follow-up of 49.5 months. The hazard ratio in the highest quintile of SD of SBP was 1.24 (95% CI, 1.01 to 1.52) compared with patients in the lowest quintile. The association between higher VVV of DBP and risk of CVD was not consistent across different metrics and sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSION: Higher VVV of SBP was associated with an increased risk of CVD, irrespective of the mean SBP level. Future studies are needed to confirm these findings.

Effects of sodium valproate on epilepsy and cognitive function in the treatment of epilepsy in school-age children / 天津医药

@#Objective Toinvestigatetheeffectsandadversereactionsofsodiumvalproate(VPA)oncognitivefunction inschool-agechildrenwithepilepsy.Methods Atotalof60school-agechildrenwithepilepsyandtreatedwithasingle doseofVPAwereincludedinthisstudy.The5mg/(kg·d)wereaddedtotheinitialdoseof10mg/(kg·d),andgradually increasedtomaintaintherapeuticdosesof20-30mg/(kg·d).Patientsweregivenfordrugdosagetreatmentatthefirst4 weeks,anddrugreductiontherapyfor12weeks.Thetreatmentinformationwasrecordedweekly.WechslerIntelligence Scale was used to analyze the therapeutic effects, adverse reactions and cognitive function before and after treatment. Results Thetotaleffectiveratewas86.7%(52/60).Theblockanddecodingscoresweresignificantlyloweraftertreatment thanthosebeforethetreatment.TherewerenosignificantdifferencesinverbalIQ(VIQ),andthefull-scaleIQ(FIQ)before andaftertreatment.TheperformanceIQ(PIQ)wassignificantlyloweraftertreatmentthanthatbeforetreatment(P＜0.05). Therewasapositivecorrelationbetweentheageofonset,FIQ,VIQandPIQinschool-agechildrenwithepilepsy(P＜ 0.001).ThedurationofepilepsyandthefrequencyofepilepticseizureswerenegativelycorrelatedwithFIQ,VIQandPIQ beforeandaftertreatmentinschool-agechildrenwithepilepsy(P＜0.001).Theincidenceofadversereactionswas8.33%(5/ 60)duringtheperiodofdrugdosagetreatment(thefirst4weeks).Theincidenceofadversereactionswas11.67%(7/60) duringmaintenancetreatment(after12weeks).Conclusion Theearlierseizureonset,thelongerepilepsydurationandthe higherfrequencyofseizuresarecorrelatedwiththedamagedegreeofcognitivefunction.VPAhasasignificanteffectonthe treatmentofgeneralizedtonicclonicseizureinschool-agechildren,whichisanidealdrugforclinicaltreatmentofchildren withepilepsy.

Pharmacokinetics of eight constituents in rat plasma after oral administration of Modified Xiaochaihu Granules for gastric ulcer based on UPLC-MS/MS / 中国中药杂志

An ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method (UPLC-MS/MS) was developed in this study to simultaneously determine the contents of eight effective constituents in rat plasma, including baicalin, wogonoside, baicalein, liquiritin, glycyrrhizic acid, berberine hydrochloride, saikosaponin a and saikosaponin d in plasma of gastric ulcer rats, and investigate the pharmacokinetics of Modified Xiaochaihu Granules. Chromatographic separation was conducted on Zorbax SB-C₁₈ column (2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.8 μm) with acetonitrile -0.1% formic acid aqueous solution as the mobile phase for gradient elution, at a flow rate of 0.4 mL·min⁻¹ and column temperature of 40 °C. Detection was performed in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode with ESI ion source. All calibration curves showed good linearity (>0.996) over a wide concentration range for all constituents. RSDs of intra-day and inter-day precision were all within 15% and the extraction recoveries of all the constituents were in the range of 81.92% to 104.8%. The time to peak (tmax) of these eight constituents was (2.69±2.02), (5.17±2.04), (0.25±0), (0.83±0.26), (0.92±0.20), (0.92±0.20), (0.58±0.20), and (0.083±0) h, respectively; the half-life (t1/2) of them was (7.85±0.34), (10.16±2.21), (6.79±0.21), (8.32±0.48), (11.05±1.78), (11.56±3.46), (15.30±1.84), and (5.54±1.91) h, respectively; the peak concentration (Cmax) of them was (55.02±1.67), (213.66±4.62), (62.61±0.69), (68.43±1.42), (62.22±0.39), (30.17±1.89), (61.79±4.81), and (38.02±1.75) μg·L⁻¹, respectively. This established method is simple and accurate with good repeatability and strong specificity, which could provide modern experimental basis for modified Xiaochaihu granules in clinical treatment of gastric ulcer.

IncRNA EVADR promotes proliferation and migration of human colorectal cancer cell lines / 基础医学与临床

Objective To explore the effect and mechanism of IncRNA EVADR on the proliferation and migration in human colorectal cancer cell lines HCT116 and LOVO. Methods HCT116 and LOVO cell lines were transfected with IncRNA EVADR by overexpressing lentivirus system. CCK8 assay was performed to measure the growth of HCT116 and LOVO cells after overexpression of EVADR. Transwell migration was performed to determine if EVADR promote HCT116 and LOVO cells migration. Finally, the expression of Ecadherin and transcription factor Snail, Slug, ZEB1 and ZEB2 were detected by Western blot and realtime quantitative PCR respectively. Results We successfully established colorectal cancer cells strains HCT116, LOVO which can stably overexpress IncRNA EVADR and the capacity of proliferation and migration in overexpression group was significantly improved (P＜0.05). The expression of Ecadherin was decreased while mesenchymal markers Snail, Slug, ZEB1 and ZEB2 were increased in EVADR overexpression HCT116 and LOVO cells. Conclusions Overexpression of IncRNA EVADR in HCT116 and LOVO cells can significantly promote the proliferation and migration of HCT116 and LOVO cells which may play an important role in regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition in colorectal cancer cells.

Studies on serum pharmacochemistry of effective parts of modified Xiaochaihu Tang for treatment of gastric ulcer / 中国中药杂志

To conduct the studies on serum pharmacochemistry of effective parts of modified Xiaochaihu Tang for treatment of gastric ulcer by using chromatography-mass spectrometry. Absolute ethyl alcohol induced-gastric ulcer model of mouse was used in this study to investigate the pharmacology of modified Xiaochaihu Tang and its effective parts. Both groups could significantly decrease the absolute ethyl alcohol induced-ulcer. Gasphase-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to detect chemical compositions of volatile fractions and the drug components after gastric administration. A total of 63 compounds were identified in extracts, accounting for more than 93% of the all volatile oil, including 23.51% α-curcumene, 11.96% zingiberene, 9.56% curzerene, 6.54% β-sesquinene, 4.77% camphene, and 6 prototype components were also detected in serum for gastric ulcer model. In liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), a total of 17 compounds were identified in extracts, 6 prototype components and 2 metabolites (3,5-O-feruloylquinic acid and palmatine) were obtained in serum. In a conclusion, this study provides an important scientific basis for identifying the active ingredients in modified Xiaochaihu Tang, and also helps to reveal the pharmacological effect of modified Xiaochaihu Tang for treatment of gastric ulcer.

Internal Marketing and Its Moderating Effects between Service-Oriented Encounter and Patient Satisfaction

Abstract Objective: To investigate how the internal marketing perception of nurses could have a significant positive moderating effect on the relationship between service-oriented encounter and patient satisfaction in nursing negligence. Methods: The subjects were nurses in the surgery units of hospitals at the regional level or higher in Taiwan. A total of 669 questionnaires were distributed and 609 questionnaires were recovered between December 2014 and January 2015, the number of valid questionnaires was 534 for a valid questionnaire recovery rate of 79.8%. Finally, we adopted the SPSS 18.0 analysis software for analysis and processing. Results: Results indicate that service-oriented encounter has a significant positive influence on patient satisfaction and internal marketing perception among nurses has a significant positive moderating effect on the relationship between service-oriented encounter and patient satisfaction. Conclusions: This study suggests that hospital managers need to recognize the importance of internal marketing for the more expressions toward service-oriented encounter, and further improve patient satisfaction. This kind of relationship is rarely discussed in the research literature, and it can be applied for human resources management of nursing staff. Hospitals must integrate the goal of patients first into the individual performance evaluation of nursing personnel by providing nursing personnel with information related to the evaluation standards of the organizations to help them understand and determine the job performance or service-oriented behavior expected by the organizations while acknowledging the objectivity and fairness of the performance evaluation system.

Genetic characterization of bovine viral diarrhea virus strains in Beijing, China and innate immune responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in persistently infected dairy cattle

To acquire epidemiological data on the bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and identify cattle persistently infected (PI) with this virus, 4,327 samples from Holstein dairy cows were screened over a four-year period in Beijing, China. Eighteen BVD viruses were isolated, 12 from PI cattle. Based on genetic analysis of their 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR), the 18 isolates were assigned to subgenotype BVDV-1m, 1a, 1d, 1q, and 1b. To investigate the innate immune responses in the peripheral-blood mononuclear cells of PI cattle, the expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), RIG-I-like receptors, interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha), IFN-beta, myxovirus (influenza virus) resistance 1 (MX1), and interferon stimulatory gene 15 (ISG15) was assessed by qPCR. When compared with healthy cattle, the expression of TLR-7, IFN-alpha, and IFN-beta mRNA was downregulated, but the expression of MX1 and ISG-15 mRNA was upregulated in PI cattle. Immunoblotting analysis revealed that the expression of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3) and IRF-7 was lower in PI cattle than in healthy cattle. Thus, BVDV-1m and 1a are the predominant subgenotypes in the Beijing region, and the strains are highly divergent. Our findings also suggest that the TLR-7/IRF-7 signaling pathway plays a role in evasion of host restriction by BVDV.

Screening differentially expressed plasma proteins in cold stress rats based on iTRAQ combined with mass spectrometry technology / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) combined with mass spectrometry were used to screen differentially expressed plasma proteins in cold stress rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty health SPF Wistar rats were randomly divided into cold stress group A and control group B, then A and B were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 5): A1, A2, A3 and B1, B2, B3. The temperature of room raising was (24.0 +/- 0.1) degrees C, and the cold stress temperature was (4.0 +/- 0.1) degrees C. The rats were treated with different temperatures until 12 h. The abdominal aortic blood was collected with heparin anticoagulation suction tube. Then, the plasma was separated for protein extraction, quantitative, enzymolysis, iTHAQ labeling, scx fractionation and mass spectrometry analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Totally, 1085 proteins were identified in the test, 39 differentially expressed proteins were screened, including 29 up-regulated proteins and 10 down-regulated proteins. Three important differentially expressed proteins related to cold stress were screened by bioinfonnatics analysis (Minor histocompatihility protein HA-1, Has-related protein Rap-1b, Integrin beta-1).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In the experiment, the differentially expressed plasma proteins were successfully screened in cold stress rats. iTRAQ technology provided a good platform to screen protein diaguostic markers on cold stress rats, and laid a good foundation for further. study on animal cold stress mechanism.</p>

Relationship of lifestyle and body stature growth with the development of myopia and axial length elongation in Taiwanese elementary school children.

Context: The development of myopia and growth of the eye, occur at a time when body stature is increasing. Aims: To investigate the relationship of lifestyle and body growth with axial elongation and myopia development among schoolchildren aged 7 to 9 years. Sett ings and Design: Prospective study. Materials and Methods: Children in elementary schools without serious eye disorders were invited to participate. We measured cycloplegic refraction, corneal curvature, intraocular pressure, axial length, body height, and weight. Questionnaires about the children’s daily lifestyles, family members’ myopia and parents’ socio-demographic status were completed. The children were followed up every 6 months in a 3-year period. Statistical Analysis Used: Bivariate correlations, simple and multiple regression. Results: Eighty-eight children participated in this study. Forty-eight were myopic at the beginning of the study, and their myopia correlated with longer axial length and parental myopia (P = 0.015, 0.012). Sixty-fi ve children (74%) completed the study, and the rates of change per year were -0.43 ± 0.58 (mean + standard deviation) diopters in spherical equivalence, 0.32 ± 0.25 mm in axial length (AL), 5.73 ± 2.71 cm in body height, and 3.84 ± 2.23 kg in weight. The axial length change was positively correlated with the height change (P < 0.001). The myopia shift was correlated to axial length change (P = 0.000) but not correlated to height change. Using multiple regression test, near work was the only signifi cant risk factor for myopia progression (P = 0.022). Conclusions: Our study showed that body height increment was correlated to axial length elongation but not to myopia shift in children aged 7-9 years. Genetic factors such as parental myopia and body height had a possible infl uence on myopia development, and the environment factor as near work intensity was related to myopia progression.