Résumé
Abstract Objectives To present observational studies investigating associations between the consumption of ultra-processed foods and health outcomes in childhood and adolescence. Data source Observational, cross-sectional, or longitudinal studies were considered, and identified in the Scopus, Web of Science, Pubmed and Scielo databases, without date restrictions. Data synthesis The most frequent combinations of risk factors in children and adolescents involved an unhealthy diet, with regular consumption of ultra-processed foods to the detriment of a diet based on fresh or minimally-processed foods and insufficient levels of physical activity; records on alcohol and tobacco use were identified. Combined, these practices contribute to the findings that indicate an increase in the prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents and a sedentary lifestyle, with a decrease in physical activity, in addition to representing a risk for the development of chronic non-communicable diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases and periodontal disease in childhood and adolescence. Conclusions The present study maps the current literature on the topic and indicates the direction of the approach for health promotion and prevention of NCDs in children and adolescents. Among the different risk factors that negatively affect the full development of this population, frequently eating breakfast and practicing physical activity is most strongly associated with a lower consumption of ultra-processed foods and should be part of an integrated approach to promoting eating practices that favor the reduction of diseases also in adult life.
Résumé
ABSTRACT Objective: Evaluate the use of the Nutrabem (São Paulo, Brasil) mobile application as a tool for measurement of food intake among university students. Methods: Cross-sectional study of a random sample of 40 undergraduate students at the Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Campus Baixada Santista. Food intake data were estimated using the Nutrabem app and the 24-hour dietary recall. Intakes of energy, carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, calcium, iron, and vitamin C were calculated. The intake of food groups and diet quality were evaluated by the Diet Quality Index associated with the Digital Food Guide. The agreement between the methods was assessed using the Pearson's correlation coefficient and the Student' t-test. Results: Strong correlations were observed between energy (0.77), carbohydrates (0.82) and protein (0.83). The groups: poultry, fish, and eggs; beef and pork; refined grains and breads; and fruits and legumes showed strong correlations (between 0.76 and 0.85). There were moderate correlations (0.59 and 0.71) between the groups sugars and sweets; whole grains, tubers and roots, milk and dairy products, animal fats, and the Diet Quality Index associated with the Digital Food Guide scores. Vegetables and leafy greens, nuts, and vegetable oils showed weak correlations (0.31 and 0.43). Homogeneity assessment revealed similarity between the results obtained by both methods (p>0.05) . Conclusion: The Nutrabem app can be used as a tool to assess dietary intake among university students since it produces results similar to those obtained by the 24-hour dietary recall method.
RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a utilização do aplicativo Nutrabem (São Paulo) como recurso para a medida da ingestão alimentar entre universitários. Métodos: Estudo transversal conduzido em uma amostra aleatória com 40 universitários adultos da Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Campus Baixada Santista. Os dados de ingestão alimentar foram estimados por meio do aplicativo Nutrabem e pelo Recordatório de 24 horas; foram calculados os valores de ingestão de energia, carboidratos, proteínas, lipídeos, cálcio, ferro e vitamina C; avaliou-se ainda a ingestão segundo grupos alimentares e qualidade da dieta conforme o Índice de Qualidade da Dieta associado ao Guia Alimentar Digital. A concordância entre os métodos foi estimada pelo coeficiente de correlação linear Pearson e Teste-t. Resultados: Foram observadas correlações fortes para energia (0,77), carboidratos (0,82) e proteínas (0,83). Os grupos aves, pescados e ovos, carnes bovina e suína, cereais e pães refinados, frutas e leguminosas apresentaram correlações fortes (entre 0,76 e 0,85); açúcares e doces, cereais integrais, tubérculos e raízes, leite e derivados, gorduras de origem animal e a pontuação do Índice de Qualidade da Dieta associado ao Guia Alimentar Digital apresentam correlações moderadas (0,59 e 0,71); hortaliças, oleaginosas e os óleos vegetais apresentam correlações fracas (valores entre 0,31 e 0,43). A avaliação de homogeneidade dos dados mostrou haver semelhança entre os resultados obtidos por ambos os métodos (p>0,05) . Conclusão: O aplicativo Nutrabem pode ser mais uma ferramenta no estudo de ingestão alimentar de jovens universitários, uma vez que produz resultados semelhantes aos obtidos pelo Recordatório de 24 horas.