Résumé
Background: Data regarding Hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV and HCV) prevalence among military personnel in Brazil are lacking, but the work-related risk of exposure can be high. The objective of this study was to estimate the seroprevalence of HBV and HCV and the risk factors associated to HBV exposure among Brazilian military personnel. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted and included 433 male military adults aged 18-25 years old working in Rio de Janeiro during October 2013. All individuals completed a questionnaire to assess their risk of exposure and provided a blood sample to HBV and HCV testing. Results: None of the participants presented HBsAg or anti-HBc IgM, 18 (4.1%) were positive for total anti-HBc, 247 (57.0%) were positive for anti-HBs, and 3 (0.7%) were anti-HCV reactive. The majority of military personnel with past HBV infection (anti-HBc reactive) and HBV immunity (anti-HBs reactive) had a history of prior dental procedures (88.9% and 77.3%), consumption of alcohol at least once a week (50% and 55.9%), and practiced oral sex (61.1% and 58.3%, respectively). In addition, anti-HBc positivity was common among individuals with a history of surgery (44.4%) and practice of anal sex (50%). At univariate analysis, age group was associated to anti-HBc and anti-HBs positivity. Conclusions: Low rates of HBV and HCV infection were observed among Brazilian military personnel in comparison to the general Brazilian population. HBV immunity rates were relatively low indicating the need for vaccination campaigns in this group. .
Sujets)
Adolescent , Adulte , Femelle , Humains , Mâle , Jeune adulte , Hépatite B/épidémiologie , Hépatite C/épidémiologie , Personnel militaire/statistiques et données numériques , Brésil/épidémiologie , Méthodes épidémiologiques , Hepacivirus/immunologie , Anticorps de l'hépatite B/sang , Antigènes de surface du virus de l'hépatite B/sang , Virus de l'hépatite B/immunologie , Anticorps de l'hépatite C/sang , Études séroépidémiologiques , Facteurs socioéconomiquesRésumé
Compliance with and responses to the hepatitis B vaccine were evaluated in remaining quilombo communities in Central Brazil. A total of 708 individuals who were susceptible to hepatitis B virus infection were invited to participate in the hepatitis B vaccination program in eight communities. Although 567 (80 percent) individuals received the first dose, only 198 (28 percent) complied with the full vaccination scheme. Of 148 subjects who agreed to be tested for anti-HBs, 123 (83.1 percent; 95 percentCI: 75.9-88.6) responded to the vaccine. A geometric mean titer of 512mIU/mL (95 percentCI: 342.5-765.3) was found. Male sex and older age were independently associated with non-response. Additional health education programs and alternative hepatitis B vaccine schedules are needed to improve the vaccination coverage in these communities in Central Brazil.
A adesão e resposta à vacina contra hepatite B foram avaliadas em comunidades remanescentes de quilombos no Brasil Central. Um total de 708 indivíduos suscetíveis à infecção pelo vírus da hepatite B foi convidado para participar do programa de vacinação contra hepatite B em oito comunidades. Apesar de 567 (80 por cento) indivíduos terem recebido a primeira dose, somente 198 (28 por cento) aderiram ao esquema completo de vacinação. De 148 sujeitos que concordaram em dosar o anti-HBs, 123 (83,1 por cento; IC95 por cento: 75,9-88,6) responderam à vacina. Um título geométrico médio de 512mUI/mL (IC95 por cento: 342,5-765,3) foi encontrado. Sexo masculino e idade foram independentemente associados com ausência de resposta. Programas adicionais de educação em saúde e esquemas alternativos de vacinação contra hepatite B são necessários para melhorar a cobertura vacinal nessas comunidades no Brasil Central.