Sanitizer resistance of biofilm-forming Salmonellaisolated from meat products / Resistência de Salmonella formadora de biofilme isolada de produtos cárneos a sanitizantes

Este estudo avaliou a capacidade de Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica isolada de produtos cárneos formar biofilme e testou sua resistência a diferentes sanitizantes. Vinte cepas foram avaliadas quanto à capacidade de formar biofilme em placas de microtitulação. As cepas formadoras de biofilme foram testadas em superfícies de polietileno de alta densidade, aço inoxidável e vidro e tiveram a sensibilidade ao hipoclorito de sódio e ao iodo avaliada. Duas cepas de Salmonella Enteritidis isoladas de produtos de frango apresentaram capacidade de formar biofilme nas superfícies testadas. Essas cepas alcançaram maiores populações nas superfícies do que aquelas não formadoras de biofilme, e foram mais difíceis de remover ou reduzir. Devido à ação sanitizante ser menos eficiente sobre bactérias formadoras de biofilme, esses micro-organismos podem persistir no biofilme formado sobre as superfícies de equipamentos e utensílios e ocasionalmente contaminar os alimentos antes da sua expedição, aumentando dessa forma o risco de ocorrência de doenças transmitidas por alimentos.(AU)

Efficacy of PercuSurge in acute myocardial infarction patients undergoing revascularization with a special emphasis on procedural time.

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of the PercuSurge Guardwire(R) Plus Temporary Occlusion and Aspiration System, the actual procedural time involved and long-term follow-up in acute MI patients undergoing primary/rescue percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). METHODS & RESULTS: It was a single centred, prospective study in 67 prospective AMI patients undergoing PCI. They were divided randomly into two groups depending on whether PercuSurge was used (n=30) or not used (control n=37) during PCI. Final TIMI flow, TMP grade and the time involved in or necessary for various steps of the PCI were recorded. PercuSurge showed significantly greater achievement of TIMI III flow and TMP III grade (p<0.01). Its use was associated with less total procedural time (p<0.05). The time required from guidewire crossing to stent placement; from guidewire crossing to TIMI III flow and from predilatation/stent placement to optimal TIMI flow was significantly reduced with its use (p<0.05 for all). Slow/no-reflow was significantly reduced (p<0.001), thus reducing intracoronary vasodilators and GP IIb/IIIa antagonists requirements. A 2 years' follow-up revealed four deaths in control and one death in PercuSurge group. CONCLUSION: PercuSurge reduced the total procedural time with better and faster optimal TIMI flow and TMP grade in primary/rescue PCI and was associated with less long term events.

Pharmacokinetics of topically applied sparfloxacin in rabbits.

PURPOSE: Fluoroquinolones are antimicrobial agents that have a broad spectrum of activity and are widely used against many of the ocular pathogens, responsible for conjunctivitis, blepharitis, corneal ulcers etc. The aim of our study was to evaluate the ocular pharmacokinetics of sparfloxacin (0.3% w/v) in the aqueous humour of rabbits. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pharmacokinetics of topically administered sparfloxacin were determined after a single application of 50 microl topically. The aqueous humour samples were collected at 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 hours after instillation. High Performance Thin Layer Chromatographic method was used to analyse the drug concentration in the aqueous humour samples. RESULTS: Fifteen minutes after the instillation of 50 microl of sparfloxacin 0.3% solution, the mean concentration in aqueous humour was found to be 1.4 microg/ml, which reaches the peak level of 3.7 microg/ml after 1.3 hours. At 6 hours, the sparfloxacin aqueous levels were 0.562 microg/ml. The clinical efficacy was predicted based on the Maximum Concentration (Cmax): Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Area Under the Concentration-time curve (AUC):MIC ratios. CONCLUSION: The sparfloxacin levels in aqueous humour of rabbits are sufficiently high up to the 6 hours after instillation in the conjunctival sac to provide bactericidal effect against most of the ocular pathogens. Both Cmax:MIC and AUC:MIC ratios are high enough to provide bactericidal effect against most of the ocular pathogens. Sparfloxacin (0.3%) ophthalmic preparation has excellent penetration through cornea.