Uso de toxina botulínica tipo A en el manejo de dolor crónico refractario a tratamiento. Reporte de una serie de casos. / Use of botulinum toxin type A in the management of chronic pain refractory to treatment. Report a series cases

Botulinum toxin type A (BTA) has analgesic effect independent of its action in muscle tone, inhibiting the release of neurotransmitters (substance P-glutamate) and neuropeptides of nociceptors. Objective: To characterize infiltration procedures with Botox® in patients with chronic pain refractory to treatment. Method: Observational-cross-retrospective study. Infiltrations with botox procedures performed in Hospital Clínico Mutual de Seguridad, between 01.01.2014 and 30.04.2015 were analyzed. Medical record data were extracted. Information analyzed with Excel2013® using Chi-square test (p <0.05). Results: 31 patients treated, 83.9 percent male. Average age 51 years (SD ± 11.9yo). Diagnostics causes of pain: post-traumatic pain and myofascial syndrome (25.8 percent); complex regional pain syndrome (16.1 percent) and partial hand amputation (12.9 percent). Predominant type of pain: neuropathic pain (64.5 percent). Common procedures: median nerve blockade (21.2 percent) and infiltration of lumbar back trigger points (15.4 percent). 77.4 percent reported good pain control, crisis decreased 74.2 percent and 71 percent decreases opioid use. Return work was effective in 64.5 percent of patients. 93.6 percent satisfactorily tolerated the procedure, 9.7 percent showed fewer adverse effects. The subgroup neuropathic pain had significantly worse results regarding mixed pain subgroup (p <0.05). Discussion: In this study, the use of BTA in chronic pain proved to be a safe and effective procedure for the management of chronic musculoskeletal pain...

Perfil epidemiológico de los pacientes ingresados a la Unidad de Dolor Músculo-esquelético del Servicio de Medicina Física y Rehabilitación del Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile / Epidemiological profile of patients admitted to the Pain Unit Musculoskeletal Service Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile

Pain is an individual and subjective experience, recognized as an important public health issue. Further, pain is a complex phenomenon which needs a transdisciplinary approach. Objective: To describe the epidemiological characteristics of patients admitted in a Pain Unit. Methods: We performed an observational prospective study that analyzed the medical records of patients who attend the Pain Clinic, at the Rehabilitation Unit in the University of Chile Clinical Hospital, between April 2012 and April 2013. Results: Women are more frequently affected by pain (78.50 percent), with a mean age of 54 years old. The mean duration of pain was 1.76 years and the most common presentation was low-backache (54.21 percent) with moderate intensity. Most of the patients were taking painkillers (75.70 percent), preferably aracetamol and NSAIDs. 47.66 percent suffered from mixed pain and a 92.52 percent manifested chronic pain. Myofascial pain and osteoarthritis were the more frequent causes. After admission, a more appropriated treatment was prescribed in all of the patients, most of them consisting in opioids and antiepileptic drugs, associated with interventional techniques (60.75 percent). As a consequence, 67.09 percent of the patients had a significant decrease in pain intensity. Conclusion: It is necessary to generate epidemiological research lines that support health policies and allows a transdisciplinary pain management...

Test cuantitativo sensorial en dolor / Quantitative sensory test in pain

Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience, which is present in many diseases, and the central symptom of many of them. However, their diagnosis and evaluation methods have not changed much in the last century. Tools to quantitatively analyze this symptom and its underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are needed. The quantitative sensory test (QST) is a test done several decades ago for research purposes. However, in recent years, its use in different pain conditions have placed it as a tool to consider in evaluating a patient. The aim of this review is to provide information on the current performance of this test and its clinical applications development...

Ejercicio para manejo del dolor crónico / Exercise for chronic pain management

Chronic pain is one of the diseases which cause more impact on the functionality and quality of life of a patient. As part of the integrated management of this disease, exercise is a simple intervention, inexpensive and effective, in addition to being widely supported by the literature. The objective of this review is to show the evidence of exercise for chronic pain management through the their effects on the endogenous opioid system and activation of central pain inhibitory pathways. Likewise, this article also present some considerations in the preparticipation physical evaluation, the objectives of the exercise program and the prescription in common diseases such as chronic low back pain, osteoarthritis and fibromyalgia...

Consenso chileno sobre Abobotulinumtoxina A (Dysport®): indicaciones, técnicas / Chilean Consensus for on abobotulinumtoxin A (Dysport®): indications, techniques

Botulinum neurotoxin is widely used to treat a variety of movement disorders, especially dystonia and spasticity. There botúlica different preparations of botulinum type A, that because biologics are difficult to compare. AbobotulinumtoxinA (Dysport ®) has recently been introduced in Chile for treating dystonia and spasticity. The aim of this paper is to provide a review by experts on the existing evidence and propose a practical guide to the use of the drug. Methods and Results: A group of Chilean experts met on 6 and 7 July 2012 to review AbobotulinumtoxinA doses along with injection protocols for dystonia, spasticity and other movement disorders. We worked in two groups, one composed of neurologists who reviewed the on dystonias and other by physiatrists who reviewed the indications for spasticity. Conclusions: Finally, there is a proposal in terms of dose, injection points and recommendations for dystonia and spasticity...

La neurotoxina botulínica es ampliamente usada para tratar una variedad de trastornos del movimiento, especialmente la distonía y la espasticidad. Existen diferentes preparados de toxina botúlica tipo A, que por ser productos biológicos resultan difícilmente comparables. La abobotulinumtoxinA (Dysport®) ha sido introducida en Chile recientemente para el tratamiento de la distonía y la espasticidad. El objetivo de este trabajo es entregar una revisión hecha por expertos sobre la evidencia existente y plantear una guía práctica para el uso del medicamento. Métodos y Resultados: Un grupo de expertos chilenos se reunieron el 6 y 7 julio de 2012 para revisar las dosis abobotulinumtoxin A, junto con los protocolos de inyección para la distonía, la espasticidad y otros trastornos del movimiento. Se trabajó en dos grupos, uno compuesto por neurólogos que revisaron las indicaciones en distonías y otro por fisiatras que revisaron las indicaciones para espasticidad. Conclusiones: Finalmente, se realiza una propuesta en cuanto a dosis, puntos a inyectar y recomendaciones para la distonia y espasticidad...