A comparative evaluation of the sealing ability of two calcium silicate based sealers and a resin epoxy-based sealer through scanning electron microscopy and bond strength: an in vitro study

Aim: this study aimed to compare the sealing ability of two types of commercially available calcium silicate bioceramic based root canal sealers and a resin based root canal sealer. Methods: Twenty one single-rooted teeth were used, samples (n= 21) were randomly divided into three groups according to the sealer used (group A; ADSEAL, group B; Wellroot, group C; Ceraseal). Roots were then cleaved longitudinally in the labiolingual direction; all samples were then sectioned at three, six, and nine mm from the root tip. The penetration of sealers into the dentinal tubules was examined at 1000x with a scanning electron microscope. Data were tested for normality using Shapiro Wilk test. ANOVA test was used for analyzing normally distributed data followed by Bonferroni post hoc test for pair-wise comparison. Significance level p≤0.001. Results: groups B and C showed better sealing ability than group A in all the three sections. The coronal section showed higher sealing ability than the middle section followed by the apical section in the three tested groups. Conclusion: it can be concluded that both calcium silicate-based sealers had better sealing ability and higher bond strength than the resin epoxy- based sealer

Hepatoprotective activity of Dypsis lutescens against D-galactosamine-induced hepatotoxicity in rats and its phytoconstituents

Objective: To isolate and identify the polyphenolic constituents of Dypsis lutescens, and evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of the ethanolic extract of Dypsis lutescens leaves. Methods: Hepatoprotective, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of two doses of Dypsis lutescens ethanolic leaf extract were investigated in five groups of six rats each administered with the ethanolic extract of Dypsis lutescens leaves. Liver function parameters were assessed, histopathological study was carried out, the anti-inflammatory mediators and the antioxidant potential in the liver tissues were evaluated. In addition, the total ethanolic extract of Dypsis lutescens leaves was subjected to different chromatographic separation techniques to yield ten phenolic compounds. The isolated compounds structures were spectroscopically elucidated. Results: Hepatoprotective activity of Dypsis lutescens ethanolic extract was estimated for the first time and showed significant activity against histopathological changes induced by D-galactosamine in liver. The extract improved the liver functions. Compared to the D-galactosamine group, the architecture of the liver in the treated groups was improved in the histopathological examination. These results proved the hepatoprotective activity of Dypsis lutescens and its ability in attenuating liver oxidative damage and inflammation. Phytochemical investigations of the total extract afforded ten compounds from the genus Dypsis. Conclusions: The alcoholic extract of Dypsis lutescens exerted potential hepatoprotective action, maintaining liver health and functions.

Prenatal development of the sound transmitting apparatus in different embryonic stages of Malpolon monsspesulanus (squamata-serpentes) / Desenvolvimento pré-natal do aparelho transmissor de som em diferentes estágios embrionários de Malpolon monsspesulanus (Squamata-serpentes)

Abstract The developmental investigation of sound transmitting apparatus is important in understanding the ontogenetic processes behind morphological diversity. The development of sound conducting apparatus was studied in Montpellier snake; Malpolon monspessulanus at 6.5, 7.2, 8.3 and 9.3 cm total body lengths using light microscopy study. The columella auris firstly appeared as undifferentiated rod shape mesenchymal cells. As the growth proceeded, it chondrified and differentiates into two main parts. In addition, the viscerocranium components which participate in formation of sound transmitting apparatus undergo critical organization. In more advanced stages, procartilagenous stylohyal chondrified and fuse with the well organized quadrate. These data considered as a base for functional and molecular mechanisms of sound transmitting apparatus studies and identification of diseases that may infect them.

Resumo A investigação do desenvolvimento de equipamentos de transmissão de som é importante na compreensão dos processos ontogenéticos atrás diversidade morfológica. O desenvolvimento de aparelhos de som realização foi estudada em Montpellier cobra; Monspessulanus Malpolon em 6.5, 7.2, 8.3 e 9.3 cm corporal total utilizando comprimentos de estudo de microscopia de luz. O auris columelar em primeiro lugar apareceu como células mesenquimais forma haste indiferenciada. Como o crescimento passou, ele chondrified e diferencia em duas partes principais. Além disso, os componentes viscerocrânio que participam na formação do aparelho de transmissão de som submeter a organização crítico. Em estágios mais avançados, stylohyal procartilagenous chondrified e se fundem com o quadrado bem organizado. Estes dados considerados como uma base para os mecanismos funcionais e estudos moleculares do aparelho de transmissão de som e identificação de doenças que podem infectar-los.

Comparative study of the hypocholesterolemic, antidiabetic effects of four agro-waste Citrus peels cultivars and their HPLC standardization

ABSTRACT Citrus is an economically important fruit for Egypt, but its peel also is one of the major sources of agricultural waste. Due to its fermentation, this waste causes many economic and environmental problems. Therefore it is worthwhile to investigate ways to make use of this citrus waste generated by the juice industry. This study was aimed to explore the hypocholesterolemic, antidiabetic activities of four varieties of citrus peels agrowastes, to isolate the main flavonoids in the active fractions and to quantify them by HPLC method for nutraceutical purposes. All the tested samples of the agro-waste Citrus fruits peels showed significant decrease in cholesterol, triacylglyceride and glucose. The most decrease in cholesterol level was observed by mandarin peels aqueous homogenate and its hexane fraction (59.3% and 56.8%, respectively) reaching the same effect as the reference drug used (54.7%). Mostly, all samples decrease triacylglyceride (by 36%-80.6%) better than the reference drug used (by 35%), while, glucose was decreased (by 71.1%-82.8 and 68.6%-79.6%, respectively) mostly by the aqueous homogenates (except lime) and alcoholic extracts (except mandarin) of Citrus fruits peels better than the reference drug used (by 68.3%). All the isolated pectin, from the four cultivars, has significant effect on the three parameters. The comparative HPLC rapid quantification of nobiletin in the different by-product citrus varieties hexane fractions revealed that nobiletin is present in higher concentration in mandarin (10.14%) than the other species. Nobiletin and 4′,5,7,8-tetramethoxy flavone were isolated from mandarin peels hexane fraction by chromatographic fractionation. This is the first report of the comparative HPLC quantification of nobiletin and biological studies of different citrus peels species as agro-waste products. Based on these results, we suggest the possibility that Citrus fruits peels may be considered as an antidiabetic and hypocholesterolemic nutraceutical product.

Prenatal development of the sound transmitting apparatus in different embryonic stages of Malpolon monsspesulanus (squamata-serpentes)

Abstract The developmental investigation of sound transmitting apparatus is important in understanding the ontogenetic processes behind morphological diversity. The development of sound conducting apparatus was studied in Montpellier snake; Malpolon monspessulanus at 6.5, 7.2, 8.3 and 9.3 cm total body lengths using light microscopy study. The columella auris firstly appeared as undifferentiated rod shape mesenchymal cells. As the growth proceeded, it chondrified and differentiates into two main parts. In addition, the viscerocranium components which participate in formation of sound transmitting apparatus undergo critical organization. In more advanced stages, procartilagenous stylohyal chondrified and fuse with the well organized quadrate. These data considered as a base for functional and molecular mechanisms of sound transmitting apparatus studies and identification of diseases that may infect them.

Resumo A investigação do desenvolvimento de equipamentos de transmissão de som é importante na compreensão dos processos ontogenéticos atrás diversidade morfológica. O desenvolvimento de aparelhos de som realização foi estudada em Montpellier cobra; Monspessulanus Malpolon em 6.5, 7.2, 8.3 e 9.3 cm corporal total utilizando comprimentos de estudo de microscopia de luz. O auris columelar em primeiro lugar apareceu como células mesenquimais forma haste indiferenciada. Como o crescimento passou, ele chondrified e diferencia em duas partes principais. Além disso, os componentes viscerocrânio que participam na formação do aparelho de transmissão de som submeter a organização crítico. Em estágios mais avançados, stylohyal procartilagenous chondrified e se fundem com o quadrado bem organizado. Estes dados considerados como uma base para os mecanismos funcionais e estudos moleculares do aparelho de transmissão de som e identificação de doenças que podem infectar-los.

Imported Malaria in Egypt

Background: With the dramatic increase in international travel among Egyptian people, the risk of malaria importation from malaria-endemic regions threatens the achievement of the malaria elimination goal of Egypt

Patients and methods: Blood samples from 700 patients were collected from different medical laboratories in Egypt from travelers to African endemic areas either Egyptians or foreigners coming to Egypt within previous 8 weeks; during period from January to December 2016. All samples were done by direct microscopic examination of the Giemsa-stained thick and thin blood smears ["gold standard"], as well as the rapid diagnostic test [RDT] [Accurate MAL-w23, Polymed] for feverish cases as a confirmatory test

Results: A total of 25;3.57% [out of 700] imported malaria cases were recorded.P. falciparum [15 cases,60%] and P. vivax [14 cases, 56%] were the two predominant species as well as one case [4%] P ovale. From them 4 cases had mixed P.falciparum and P.vivax and one case had P. falciparum and ovale, The cases were coming from 11 African countries and their distribution was, Sudan,11; Nigeria, 5; Ghana,3; Cameroon,1; Angola,1; Congo,1; Chad,1; Guinea,1; Togo,1; South Africa,1; and Eritrea,1case.RDT was performed for feverish [300] patients and positive results were obtained among 27 cases. Twenty five of them had parasitemia while the other two had history of past infection

Conclusions: Imported malaria infections pose an increasing challenge to the malaria elimination in Egypt. The risk of potential re-introduction of malaria into inland malaria free areas of Egypt should be urgently addressed, also the rapid diagnostic tests [RDTs], offer a useful tool for rapid diagnosis in suspected cases

Sensitivity and specificity of nassar color test in early detection of diabetic macular edema

Purpose: To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of Nassar color discrimination test in the presence of diabetic macular edema [DME] as a sensitive diagnostic tool for the detection of early functional changes

Design: A prospective, comparative case-control study

Setting: Multicenter study in the outpatient clinic of Beni Suef University, Fayoum University, and Misr University for Science and Technology

Methods: The study included 120 eyes with Type I diabetes recruited from the outpatient clinic. All patients were received ophthalmic exams and tested with Nassar color plate test, fluorescein fundus angiography [FFA], and optical coherence tomography [OCT]. The main outcome measures are the presence of mild or moderate tritans indicating early DME changes that were documented in each group. Statistical Analysis Used: Student's t-test and ANOVA f-test were used for statistical analysis. P <0.05 were considered statistically significant

Results: The mean age of the patients was 41.15 +/- 5.61 years [range 23-49 years] with the mean disease duration of 13.56 +/- 2.59 years [range 10-20 years]. All patient with dry macula [n = 60, 50%] were normal on Nassar color test while patients with DME showed normal [n = 6, 5%], mild tritan [n = 14, 11.66%], and moderate tritan [n = 40, 33.33%], respectively. Hence, the Nassar color test is 90% sensitive and 100% specific

Conclusions: The Nassar color plate is an affordable and effective for early detection of DME and recommended to be used in all primary ophthalmic examination especially in areas where no access to comprehensive ophthalmic exams such as OCT and FFA

Characterization of coronary artery obstruction and related findings in ischemic heart patients using cardiac scintigraphy

This study conducted to characterize of coronary artery obstruction and related findings in ischemic heart patients using cardiac scintigraphy for the identification of myocardial ischemia, 146 patients were studied at basal conditions and also asked for fasting after night till the intravenous injection of the radiopharmaceutical, after the injection time about 15-20 min the patient should eat a fatty meal and chocolate for the good excretion of the gall bladder, to evaluate the performance and regional wall motion of the lef ventricle. The results showed that the body mass index percentage in this sample was in the range of 43.05-61.05. The number of patients who were catheter candidate was 56 patients with 43%, and the patients were not candidate to cathode were 74 patients with 57% of all patients. For the group of patients where type of ischemia was assessed, 29.5% of patients were reversible posterior and inferior wall, 15.1% of patients were fixed large from apex to base, 9.6% of patients were mild basal inferior wall, 4.8% of patients were mild anterior wall, 6.2% of patients were antro septal. 34.9% of patients were moderate ischemia

Melena revealing a nasopharyngeal leech: a paediatric case

Leech infestation occurs after swimming or ingestion of freshwater, especially in rural areas. Symptoms are different depending on the binding site of the leech. At the nasopharynx, it is mainly responsible for epistaxis. We report a case of an unknown pharyngeal location of a leech in a three year-old girl responsible for melena and leading to a severe anaemia

possible protective role of aloe vera extracts in pancreatic beta-cells of experimentally induced diabetic rats: a histological and immunohistochemical study

The increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus in the world is of great concern. As synthetic drugs have undesirable side effects or contraindications, traditional medicinal plants are being used for treatments of diabetes. This study aimed to determine the protective effect of aloe vera [AV] on beta cells of diabetic rats. Forty adult male rats were utilized and divided equally into four groups. The first served as the control group; the second was the streptozotocin [STZ] group [single intraperitoneal dose of 65 mg/kg body weight]; the third was the preventive AV group, which was given a daily oral dose of AV [300 mg/kg body weight/day] for 14 days along with a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ given after 7 days from the start of AV; the fourth group was the curative AV group, which was given a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ and after 7 days were given a daily oral dose of AV for 14 days. Pancreatic tail samples were taken 14 days after the treatment with AV. Paraffin sections were prepared for histological and immunohistochemical studies. The results revealed that a single dose of STZ induced marked cytoplasmic vacuolations and pyknotic nuclei in many islet cells. The AV preventive group showed normal-appearing islet cells. The AV curative group showed cytoplasmic vacuolations and pyknotic nuclei in many islet cells. Statistical analysis revealed a significant decrease [P<0.05] in anti-insulin antibody reaction and bcl2 expression in the diabetic group and the AV curative group compared with the control group, whereas there was an insignificant increase in the preventive group. The present study suggests that AV when used as a preventive agent can protect against STZ-induced diabetes in rats. Therefore, AV should be given to prediabetic patients and to individuals at high risk for diabetes

Detecting Latent Tuberculosis Infection Prior to Kidney Transplantation in a Tertiary Hospital in Saudi Arabia: Comparison of the T-SPOT.TB Test and Tuberculin Test.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major worldwide public health problem with over 8.8 million newly diagnosed cases in 2010. Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) who are on hemodialysis (HD) have a significantly higher incidence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection or disease than healthy individuals. Most cases of active tuberculosis (TB) in patients with ESRD are due to the reactivation of a latent infection, and this patient group is at roughly 10- to 25-fold higher risk for reactivating TB infection than the general population. Candidates for solid organ transplantation are routinely screened for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). In this study we aimed to compare Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) with T-SPOT.TB, for the detection of LTBI in candidates for kidney transplantation. Methods: Prospective study of 133 HD Patients who did not have a diagnosis of active TB diseases or LTBI previously referred, through a 5-month period, to our institutions. Forty four kidney donors without evidence of renal insufficiency or immunocompromising conditions by medical history served as control group. All patients were tested with tuberculin (TST), and T-Spot.TB and the results were compared. Results: In donors, the concordance between the T-SPOT and the TST was moderate (90.9 %, к=0.46). Forty of 44 donors (90.9%) had concordance results between the T-Spot TB and TST.In hemodialysis patients, the concordance between the T-SPOT.TB and the TST was poor (60.15 %, к=0.07). Fifty three of 133 patients (40%) had discordant results between the T-SPOT.TB and TST. Of these, 13 patients had a positive TST but negative T-SPOT.TB and 40 had a positive T-SPOT.TB but a negative TST. Conclusion: Our data strongly argue against the use of TST in screening of LTBI in HD patients. T-SPOT.TB test in dialysis patients correlated better than TST with the risk of TB infection (e.g. increased age and low body mass index). It is a more reliable and powerful diagnostic tool than TST. However, further studies should be carried out to determine the tests with higher sensitivity and most permitted specificity.

Role of intestinal microflora [Lactobadllus Acidophilus] in phagocytic function of leukocytes in type 2 diabetic patients

The prevalence of obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes has steadily increased in the last decades. In addition to the genetic and environmental factors, gut microbiota may play an important role in the modulation of intermediary phenotypes leading to metabolic disease. Infection is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. Chronic hyperglycemia impairs host defense mechanism such as cell mediated immunity, polymorphonuclear leukocyte function, and antibody formation. So we aimed to study the association between intestinal microflora [Lactobacilles acidophilus] count and phagocytic activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in humans with type 2 diabetes. The study included 20 type 2 diabetic patients with good glycemic control and 20 type 2 diabetic patients with poor glycemic control. In addition, 20 normal healthy subjects were included as normal controls. The fecal composition of L. acidophilus was detected using de Man Rogosa Sharp agar followed by further confirmation using the polymerase chain reaction technique. Phagocytic function of polymorphonuclear leukocytes was assessed using the phagocytosis index%. Fecal L. acidophilus count was significantly increased among uncontrolled diabetic patients, while the phagocytosis index% was significantly reduced among the same patients. In uncontrolled diabetics, a significant positive correlation was observed between fecal L. acidophilus count and HbA1c and a significant negative correlation between phagocytic activity and L. acidophilus count. In conclusion, type 2 diabetes is associated with compositional changes in fecal L. acidophilus especially in the uncontrolled diabetes. The levels of glucose tolerance or severity of diabetes should be considered while linking the level of intestinal microbiota with a phagocytosis index of leukocytes

Role of peritoneal ports for treatment of intractable ascites

Ascites is a common complication of advanced malignancies and cirrhosis. Symptoms of marked abdominal distention, shortness of breath, diminished appetite, fatigue, and lower-extremity edema can significantly compromise a patient's everyday life. Treatment options for intractable ascites include serial paracentesis, peritoneovenous shunting, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt [TIPS] creation, and tunneled peritoneal catheters that may be external or, more recently, attached to subcutaneous ports. It is therefore appropriate to evaluate a port specifically designed for peritoneal access as a mean of controlling intractable ascites. We present a minimally invasive treatment for palliative drainage of symptomatic ascites in patients with advanced malignancy. The aim of this work is to evaluate the percutaneous implantable access system specifically designed for peritoneal access as a method to control intractable ascites as regards complications and patency. This is a prospective intervention study will be conducted on 40 patients with intractable ascites referred from the oncology clinic to the diagnostic imaging department for percutaneous placement of peritoneal portcath as a palliative treatment for the patient. Good technical success rate [100%] in insertion was found with removal of ascites gradually. Immediate relief of symptoms [100%]. There were no major complications. There was one minor complication [2.5%], a leakage at the port placement site in a patient with pancreatic carcinoma. The leakage stopped spontaneous with removal of ascites and the patient underwent conservative management. peritoneal port systems for treatment intractable ascites is efficient way to avoid ascites related morbidity with increases patient compliance, satisfaction by decreased hospital visits as the drainage and patients monitor can be done in their homes. Port aspiration can be performed in some cases by patients or family members without nursing assistance. In comparison with tunneled peritoneal catheters with external components, the complication rate appears to be minimal

[Lichtenstein versus Lichtenstein plus plug in prosthetic inguinal hernia repair: preliminary results of a prospective randomized controlled trial]

Mesh- based hernioplasties became the reference in inguinal hernia repair. To evaluate the results of combining a conic Plug to the Lichtenstein Mesh for inguinal hernia repair. Between January 2007 and January 2009 we included 50 patients with primary or recurrent inguinal hernia in a prospective comparative randomized controlled trial. The randomization concerned the association of the conic Plug to the Lichtenstein Mesh. The primary objectives were to establish if any differences in operation time, postoperative pain response and/or postoperative recovery time, chronic pain and recurrence could be detected between the 2 groups. All patients were seen and data were collected after 2 weeks, 6 months and 2 years. Twenty two patients were treated by Lichtenstein Mesh [group A] and we associated the conic Plug to 28 patients [group B]. The mean age was 56 years. Forty three patients were discharged after 24 hours. The postoperative pain was low with visual analogue scores

Attitude of primary health care nurses in Kuwait towards domestic violence against women

Domestic violence against women is an important public health problem. Battered women attend primary health care centers seeking for both medical treatment and support. Nurses with a positive attitude play a key role to deal with victimized women. The current study was formulated to reveal attitude of nurses towards domestic violence against women and factors affecting this attitude. All 1617 nurses registered in primary health care centers in Kuwait were the target population for this study. A total of 988 nurses were interviewed with an overall response rate of 61.1%. The results of the current study revealed that nurses tended to have a relatively low positive overall attitude score towards violence against women [58.3 +13.82%], with a mean percent score of 42.9 +15.99% for relationship between partners domain, 69.7 +21.03% for good reasons to hit wives domain, and 58.7 +20.59% for management of domestic violence domain. Female Kuwaiti nurses tended to have higher positive attitude score than male non-Kuwaiti nurses. Years spent at the current job negatively correlated with the total attitude score of nurses towards domestic violence against women. Training nurses about domestic violence, especially against women can improve their attitude and hence a better medical care and support of battered women

Radiation dose measurement for staff during cardiac catheterization

The objective of this study was to determine the patient and staff dose during cardiac catheterization procedures and to estimate the risks associated with this exposure in Ahmed Gasim Hospital in Khartoum Bahry-Sudan. The measurements involved 50 operations. The dose received by the medical staff was measured using TLD chips [LiF: Mg, Cu, P]. Dose-area product [DAP] was used to calculate the patients' radiation dose. The main operator and the rest of the staff received 0.14 and 0.01 mSv per procedure, giving rise to an estimated annual effective dose of 17.67, 6.3 mSv per year, respectively. Occupational dose to the cardiologists was much lower than the relevant statutory dose limits. The monitoring of radiation workers is not established properly. It is obvious that high patient and staff exposure is due to the lack of experience and protective equipments

[Additions to aden mountainous flora]

The study of Aden Flora has begun for a long time ago. The plant scientists, who were visiting Yemen generally and Aden especially, conducted their studies through performing visits and journeys to the region, which is situated on the coastal route between Europe and India. Those scientists used to travel and stay for days, weeks and months to study plants. Most of those people were researchers or amateurs. The general view of Aden Black Mountain and the desert around it disappointed some of them. Many of those researchers wrote about Aden flora. However, they were not able to identify the flora of this region entirely. Therefore, a lot of these plants have remained unspecified and a few of them are only mentioned in the writings of some of those researchers. During the field work four species of wild plants have been identified, which are not mentioned in Al- Gifri [1992]. However, they are mentioned in Blatter [1994 and 1996] that indicates the retrieval of its vitality once again in the mountainous region: Carolluma adensis, Adenium obesum, Acacia edgeworthii, Delonix elata. In this study four new plants are identified which were not mentioned in the previous studies of the mountainous region: Cleome amblyocarpa, Indigoferia spiniflora, Ocimum scantum, Boerhavia elegans supsp stenophylla

Comparative study between laparoscopic and opean distal pancreatectomy for distal benign lesions

Laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy [LDP] has been shown to be an effective surgical option for benign lesions in the body and tail of the pancreas. However, its advantages and disadvantages have not been well characterized. In this study, we compared the outcomes of LDP and open distal pancreatectomy [ODP], Peri-and postoperative outcomes were retrospectively compared between patients with benign pancreatic disorders who underwent open distal pancreatectomy [ODP] [n=35] and those underwent LDP [n=40]. The peri-and postoperative factors analyzed included operative time, blood loss, hospital stay, postoperative recovery, biochemical findings and complications. LDP was associated with significantly less operative blood loss [363 vs 606 ml; P=0.001], shorter hospital stay [22 vs 27 day; P=0.009], but longer operative time [342 vs 250 min; P=0.000], compared with ODP. There were no significant differences in complication rates or postoperative recovery between the two groups except for significant less postoperative pain killer intake and earlier improvement of the biochemical analysis in LDP than in ODP. LDP appears to be a safe and desirable procedure for the management of benign pancreatic diseases, with outcomes similar to ODP

Protective effect of balanites aegyptia on antioxidant deffense system againt adriamycin-induced cariac toxicity in experimental mice

Samir A. El Masry, Mohamed M. Ebeed, Ibrahim H. El Sayed, Mohamed Y. Nasr and Khalil A. El Halafawy. Protective effect of Balanites aegyptiaca on antioxidant defense system against Adriamycin-induced cardiac toxicity in experimental mice. Adriamycin is an anthracycline antibiotic that is widely used as a chemotherapeutic agent. However, usefulness of this agent is limited due to its cardiotoxic effects. Increased oxidative stress and antioxidant deficit have been suggested to play a major role in adriamycin induced cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure due to multiple treatments with adriamycin. The rationale of the present study was to evaluate the potential protective effect of Balanites aegyptiaca [B. aegyptiaca] as a source of the natural antioxidants against adriamycin-induced cardiotoxicity in experimental mice. In present study, four groups [ten animals in each group] of experimental mice were used as follows: Group 1, mice not received both Adriamycin drug and B. aegyptiaca extract and served as a negative control group; Group 2, mice received Adriamycin intraperitoneally [2.5 mg/kg BW] in six equal injections over a period of two weeks for a cumulative dose of 15 mg/kg BW; Group 3, mice orally administered with B. aegyptiaca extract [400 mg/kg BW], through an intragastric feeding tube over a period of three weeks; Group 4, mice treated orally with B. aegyptiaca extract plus intraperitoneally adriamycin administration [2.5 mg/kg BW]. Serum Lactate dehydrogenase [LDH], Creatine phosphokinase [CPK], Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase [GOT], Glutamate pyruvate transaminase [GPT], Lipid peroxide [LPO], total Nitric oxide [NO]. erythrocyte lysate Superoxide dismutase [SOD], Glutathion peroxidase [GPx] and plasma Catalase [CAT] were measured in all tested groups. The results showed that, Adriamycin elevated the activities of LDH, CPK, GOT, GPT, LPO and total NO content in the mice heart tissue. Also, Adriamycin drug reduced the activities of SOD, GPx and CAT. Pretreatment with B. aegyptiaca extract significantly [p<0.05] prevented these alterations and restored the enzyme activities to near normal levels. Application of B. aegyptiaca extract with Adriamycin drug either reduced or completely prevented its toxic effects. So, these findings demonstrate the cardio protective effect of B. aegyptiaca on antioxidant tissue defense system during Adriamycin induced cardiac damage in mice. Therefore it could be recommended for further investigation in this potentially new indication for clinical application