Evaluation of cervical lymphadenopathy in children at El-Behira government

Pediatric cervical lymphadenopathy is a challenging medical condition for the patient, the parent, and the physician. The present study included 34 children from El-Behira government suffering chronic cervical lymphadenopathy. Identifiable possible etiologic cause was detected in 14.3% of cases. It includes toxoplasmosis in 8.8%, CMV in 5.4% of cases and single case of tuberculosis and single case of lymphoma

Sonographic features of benign and malignant breast[s] masses in Sudanese ladies at Khartoum State [Sudan]

Breast ultrasound can image several different types of breast conditions, including both benign [non-cancerous] and malignant [cancerous] lesions. Ultrasound is frequently used to evaluate breast abnormalities that are found with screening mammography or diagnostic mammography or during a physician performed clinical breast exam. This study was conducted with the aim of investigate ultrasonographic features in differentiate benign from malignant breast masses and whether this distinction could be definite enough to obviate biopsy. Fifty four Sudanese ladies with breast nodules were sonographically classified as benign and malignant masses according to their different sonographic features which are: character, internal echogenicity, margins, sonographic artifacts [posterior echo]. Sonographic classifications about the nature of the lesions were compared with fine needle aspiration biopsy [FNAB] findings. Sonographic features that characterize suspicious breast nodules as benign were [cystic, solid and complex] character, [Isoechoic, hypoechoic and Hyperechoic] internal echogenicity, [smooth] margins and [posterior acoustic enhancement] as posterior echo artifact whiled sonographic features of suspicious malignancy nodules were [solid] character, [hypoechoic] internal echogenicity, [irregular] margins and [shadowing] as posterior echo artifact. These obtain results about the characteristics sonographic features and the natures of breast nodule were confirmed as accurate results by biopsy. Findings indicate that specific sonographic features can be helpful in differentiate benign from malignant breast[s] lesions, also sonography can be use widely and accurately so to prevent unncecessary biopsies

Frequency of mutations in the GJB2 and 125 rRNA genes in Egyptian patients with hereditary hearing loss

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of GJB2 and 12S rRNA mutations in Egyptian families with hereditary hearing loss. Twenty three families showing hereditary hearing loss analyzed. Seventeen of these families showed non-syndromic sensorineural hearing loss while the rest 4 families were showing syndromic form of hearing loss. All subjected were examined by clinical evaluation and genetic analysis of their samples, including PCR, restriction assays, sequencing and SSCP. The 35 delG was found in 23.53% [4/17] of the families or in 24 of 242 [16.9%] investigated alleles. Four patients were heterozygous carriers and 10 patients were homozygous for the 35 delG mutations. No other mutations of GJB2 have been reported. No A155G mutation have been detected in the study group. These results emphasize the importance of genetic diagnosis and genetic counseling of deaf patients in Egypt

Does dexmedetomidine attenuate the pressor response of endotrachial intubation

Laryngoscopy and endotrachial intubation leads to some cardiovascular responses including tachycardia hypertension and arrhythmias. The aim of this work was to compare the efficacy of dexmedetomidine in attenuating the pressor response of intubation to that of the intravenous injection of xylocaine. The study included 20 patients within an age group from 20 to 40 years ASA one undergoing abdominal surgery under general anesthesia. The patients were divided into 2 groups; in the first group dexmedetomidine was used to attenuate the pressor response of intubation, while in the second group the xylocaine was used for this purpose. In the first group dexmedetomidine was infused over 10 minutes in a dose of one microgram per kilogram body weight started five minutes before induction of anesthesia. In the second group xylocaine was given slowly intravenously in a dose of 1.5 milligram per kilogram body weight 3 minutes before endotrachial intubation. Heart rate, systolic, diastolic arterial blood pressure and S-T segment change all were recorded before the study, just before endotrachial intubation and every 2 minutes after endotrachial intubation for 4 readings. The incidence of arrhythmias and its type were recorded in every patient. It was found that dexmeditomidine resulted into a significant decrease in the heart rate and both systolic and diastolic blood pressure as compared to the use of xylocaine. On the other hand after intubation dexmedetomidine was more effective in suppressing the pressor response of intubation than xylocaine

study of diabetic and non-diabetic neuropathies in diabtic patients: the magnitude of the problem

The epidemiology of diabetic and non-diabetic neuropathies in diabetic patients is important for agreement over its diagnostics criteria. The present study aimed to put the diagnostic criteria for both neuropathies in diabetic patients. The study comprised 60 diabetic patients with symptomatic neuropathy [40 males and 20 females] with age ranged from 21 to 82 year. They were subdivided into 2 subgroups, according to type of their diabetes, group 1 [45 patients with II DM] group 2 [15 patients with type I DM]. They were evaluated in order to know more about the cause of neuropathy in this population and the signs and symptoms that could suggest other cause than diabetes in this sitting. Diabetes accounted for [75%] of the neuropathies in the whole group of patients while twenty-five percent [25%] of patients have a neuropathy unrelated to diabetes. Chronic inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy that was diagnosed in 10%is the most common non-diabetic cause of neuropathy within population. A short interval between diagnosis of diabetes and the onset of the neuropathy, early motor deficit, markedly asymmetrical deficit and generalized areflexia, which are all uncommon in the diabetic neuropathy, in favor of a non-diabetic origin of the neuropathy and should lead to further investigations

Comparative study between propofol and methohexital during induction and first hour of recovery

Anesthesia and recovery during the first hour after propofol and methohexital anesthesia for dilatation and curettage [D and C], lasting about 12 min. were compared, the latter in a double-blind manner by means of psychomotor tests [coin counting and continuous auditory reaction time]. Muscle movements and hiccups were seen significantly more frequently during methohexital inductions. No differences were seen regarding pain at the site of injection or apnea between the groups. At 15 min after the last dose of anesthetic, recovery after methohexital was ahead of that after propofol, but after one hour, psychomotor performance was better in the propofol group. Side-effects during recovery were few, and incidence did not differ significantly. Although the difference in reaction time test was significant, it was hardly large enough to be of any clinical importance. Both drugs are useful for brief day-case-anesthesia, but smoother induction gives propofol on edge over methohexital