RÉSUMÉ
Aim: To investigate whether aggressive hydration can increase the efficacy of prophylactic non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAIDs] in prevention of post-ERCP pancreatitis
Background: NSAIDs are recommended for the prevention of PEP; however, whether aggressive hydration can have additional benefits in this regard is not known
Methods: Patients candidate for ERCP received either pre-procedural rectal diclofenac [100 mg] alone [n = 112] or in combination with aggressive hydration by lactate ringer's [n = 107] as prophylactic method. PEP was defined based on increase in serum levels of pancreatic enzymes [from baseline to 24 hours following the procedure] accompanied with symptoms
Results: PEP was occurred in 3 patients in the diclofenac only group and in 1 patient in the diclofenac + hydration group with no significant difference [2.7% vs. 0.9%, P = 0.622]. Serum amylase levels decreased over time in the diclofenac + hydration group but not in the diclofenac only group. Also, serum lipase levels decreased more rapidly over time in the diclofenac + hydration group compared to the diclofenac only group
Conclusion: Combination prophylactic therapy with NSAIDs plus aggressive hydration does not seem to have additional clinically important benefits in preventing PEP. Studies with larger sample of patients are required in this regard
RÉSUMÉ
Background: a few studies have shown that during Ramadan, gastrin, pepsin, and acid secretion are increased and some changes in nutrition of fasting people may deteriorate dyspepsia symptoms. On the other hand stopping smoking and alcohol use and probable psychosocial factors may improve dyspepsia symptoms
Materials and Methods: the patients with uninvestigated dyspepsia were enrolled in the study during one month before Ramadan and were followed up during and after Ramadan month. The dyspepsia questionnaires including "The Leeds Dyspepsia Questionnaire [LDQ]" were filled by the patients in three consecutive months. After collecting data they were divided to two groups of fasting and non-fasting and compared using SPSS software
Results: 71 patients finished all three follow up visits [31 fasting and 40 non-fasting]. The decreases in LDQ score have been less from before Ramadan to Ramadan and more from Ramadan to after Ramadan in fasting compared with non-fasting groups, but these changes were not significant [p> 0.05]. Comparing fasting and non-fasting patients, there were not significant differences in score change from before Ramadan to Ramadan or Ramadan to after Ramadan months regarding general satisfaction and various dyspepsia symptoms [p > 0.05] except for epigastric discomfort after meal that was more in fasting group from before Ramadan to Ramadan [p =0.004]
Conclusion: Ramadan fasting has no effects on various dyspepsia symptoms except for epigastric discomfort after meal, which is aggravated. We recommend that patients with dyspepsia can fast during Ramadan but they are advised not to consume large-volume meals in Iftar and Suhur
RÉSUMÉ
A combination of polymeric nanofibrous scaffold and bioactive materials is potentially useful in bone regeneration applications. In the present study, Poly [lactide-co-glycolide] [PLGA] nanofibrous scaffolds, fabricated via electrospinning, were initially coated with Type I collagen and then with nano-hydroxyapatite. The prepared scaffolds were then characterized using SEM and their ability for bone regeneration was investigated in a rat critical size bone defect using digital mammography, multislice spiral-computed tomography [MSCT] imaging, and histological analysis. Electrospun scaffolds had nanofibrous structure with homogenous distribution of n-HA on collagen-grafted PLGA. After 8 weeks of implantation, no sign of inflammation or complication was observed at the site of surgery. According to digital mammography and MSCT, PLGA nanofibers coated simultaneously with collagen and HA showed the highest regeneration in rat calvarium. In addition, no significant difference was observed in bone repair in the group which received PLGA and the untreated control. This amount was lower than that observed in the group implanted with collagen-coated PLGA. Histological studies confirmed these data and showed osteointegration to the surrounding tissue. Taking all together, it was demonstrated that nanofibrous structures can be used as appropriate support for tissue-engineered scaffolds, and coating them with bioactive materials will provide ideal synthetic grafts. Fabricated PLGA coated with Type I collagen and HA can be used as new bone graft substitutes in orthopaedic surgery and is capable of enhancing bone regeneration via characteristics such as osteoconductivity and osteointegration
RÉSUMÉ
Gestational surrogacy is a recent revolutionary subject in assisted reproductive technology [ART] with profound effects on religious, legal, ethical and societal matters. Since enacting the law in this matter could efficiently handle challenges and prevent subjective inclinations, the authors of this study wished to suggest the adoption of a particular Iranian law on the subject, regarding the different legal systems worldwide. In this article, effort has been made to conduct a comparison between the Gestational Surrogacy Law of Illinois, USA and some other similar resources with those of Iranian laws and regulations. Surrogacy laws in some countries like India and Australia have been drafted but only in the Illinois, USA it has been signed into law. Drawing a crude comparison between the limited existing laws and regulations on surrogacy reveals small structural differences but a bulk of similarities among them. Despite its novelty and regardless of any specific law, surrogacy practices have been made possible in Iran due to the utilization of common rules and observation of Fatwa issued by clerics in this regard. Aside from religious rules, surrogacy laws meet a rational basis and they have been evolved to address societal needs and seem justifiable enough to be applicable for a general Iranian law preparation