Clinical audit of treatment of acute watery diarrhoea in paediatrics unit, Hayatabad medical complex, Peshawar

To look into the treatment given to children with acute watery diarrhea by Trainee Medical Officers at the time of admission and to compare it with the standard treatment protocol as recommended by World Health Organization for the treatment of acute watery diarrhoea. This was a retrospective study conducted in Department of Pediatric Postgraduate Medical Institute, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar from June 15 to August 15, 2008. Treatment charts of children admitted with acute watery diarrhoea were studied for demographical findings, degree of dehydration and other clinical findings and treatment given at the time of admission. The data was statistically analyzed by SPSS version 10. Eighty children were included in the study. The age range was from one month to five years with mean age of 25.5 months. The majority were in the range of 1 to 3 years with male to female ratio of 1.4:1. Majority [68.75%] had bowel movements more than 6 times/24 hours. Blood in the stool was present in only five cases [6.25%]. Thirty-five [44%] and 12 [28%] were presented with some and severe dehydration respectively at the time of admission. Analysis of drug treatment [antibiotics, anti-protozoal, anti-emetics, stool hardeners, probiotics] showed that 65 [81.25%] children received appropriate treatment as per recommendations of World Health Organization. All children were discharged uneventfully. Continuous training and supervision of the Trainee Medical Officers is required to implement standard treatment of acute watery diarrhoea according to laid down World Health Organization guidelines. Such activities will help to reduce inappropriate use of drugs and wrong treatment for diarrhea

Growth and yield of rice as affected by transplanting dates and seedlings per hill under high temperature of Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

Studies were initiated for two consecutive years to find out the effect of time of transplanting and seedlings hill(-1) on the productivity of rice in Dera Ismail Khan district of North West Frontier Province (NWFP), Pakistan. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with split plot arrangements. Main plots consisted of four transplanting dates viz. 20th and 27th of June and 4th and 11th of July while sub-plots contained 1, 2, 3 or 4 seedlings hill(-1). Among transplanting dates, June 20th planted crop gave highest paddy yield and net return with 1 seedling hill(-1). It explains that the use of more seedlings hill(-1) not only adds to cost but is also a mere wastage of natural resources. Based on research findings, we conclude that the use of 1 seedling hill(-1) is most appropriate for timely sowing otherwise 4 seedlings hill(-1) should be used to compensate for the yield gap in late transplanted rice.

Effect of seedling age and water depth on morphological and physiological aspects of transplanted rice under high temperature / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

To study the effect of high temperature, rice seedlings 20, 30, 40 and 50 d were kept at 5, 10, 15 and 20 cm water depth in a water pool. Meteorological findings indicated that water temperature varied up to 10 cm but became stable below this depth. Deep water inflicted higher tiller mortality, minimal increase in dry weight of aerial parts and leaf area, decrease in root length, and decrease in root dry weight especially at 20 cm water depth and produced an unbalanced T/R ratio (top versus root dry weight). However, deep water tended to increase plant length. These parameters, however, excel in shallow water. Older seedlings, with the exception of root dry weight, could not perform well compared to young seedlings in all physiological and morphological aspects. The study revealed that seedlings, particularly young ones, stand well in shallow water and can cope with high temperature.

Joint replacement surgery at shaikh Zayed hospital, Lahor, review of 102 cases

From September 1986 to Aug. 1991 one hundred and two total joint replacements were performed at Federal Postgraduate Medical Institute, Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore. There were seventy two total hip replacements and thirty total knee replacements. Follow-up ranged from three to sixty months with mean of twenty four months. Excellent or good results were obtained in eighty percent of patients

Total hip replacement Early results and short term complications [a review of 34 cases]

Thirty four total hip replacements were performed at Shaikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore, between November, 1986 and September, 1989. Early post-operative complications were sought out by medical records of all cases. Short term result evaluation was made in 26 cases; by personal examination in 10 cases and by questionnaire in 16 cases. The clinical results were excellent in 17 out of 26 cases [65.38%] good in 7 cases [27%], fair in one cases [3%] and poor in one case [3.8%] The complications noted were dislocations in 4 cases [11.7%], wound infection in one case [2.9%], trochanteric non-union in 1 out 3 [33%], myositis ossificans in one case [2.9%] one, clinically manifest deep venous thrombosis in one case [2.9%] and other vascular complications in one case [2.9%]